CAN INDUSTRY COEXIST WITH A HEALTHY POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

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CAN INDUSTRY COEXIST WITH A HEALTHY POPULATION
AND ENVIRONMENT
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The 19th (1800s) century brought change

• Production of items became mechanized.
• Factories produced a growing number of goods.
• Quantities of goods produced increased.
• People left the countryside to move closer to the
  factories in towns and cities (known as
  urbanization).

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During the 20th century

• Agriculture and hand manufacture decreased
  drastically and was replaced by Industry
  (factories and mass production!).
• An activity is industrial when
• Transforms natural resources into mass-produced
  goods.
• Costs money to manufacture these items.
• Requires skilled labour.
• What do industries produce?
• Almost everything around us is manufactured
  industrially, from airplanes to clothes,
  including medicines and computers.

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Four Types of Industries

• 1. Heavy industry
• It involves extracting metals like iron,
  aluminium, copper, tin and lead from ore.
• It also includes chemical plants and oil
  refineries.
• 2. Processing industry
• Transforms materials (metal, food, wood, etc.)
  into goods (motors, plastic, paper to be used by
  another industry)

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3. Hi-tech industry

• These include all products manufactured in
  pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers and
  electronics, aerospace, and telecommunications.
• 4. Consumer goods industry
• Manufactures products such as processed foods,
  clothing, house-hold appliances, cars, furniture
  and toys (for individual consumption).

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What is a industrial territory?

• Activities in this space are mostly industrial.
• St-Laurent has an industrial park.
• Typical characteristics of industrial parks
• This area is comprised of industrial plants.
• Theres a road and rail network for transporting
  raw materials and finished products.
• There are ports and airports for exporting
  products.

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4. Energy transportation system to keep factories
running.5. There is enough people to meet
labour needs.
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Are industries in the North or the South?

• Some of the wealthy countries that are usually
  present at G7 or G20 meetings
• United States
• Japan
• Germany
• United Kingdom
• France
• Canada
• Italy

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Industrialization around the world

• The European Union, North America and Japan are
  highly industrialised.
• Other countries, like China, South Korea,
  Singapore and Taiwan are considered emerging
  industrial powers.

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American Toys made in China

• Case Study
• Barbie dolls are made by Mattel.
• Mattel is a multinational based in the United
  States.
• The dolls, however, are made in China!
• Why?
• 1. Reduce production costs
• 2. Increase profit

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• These multinationals relocate to other countries
  where the cost of production is lower than in
  developed countries like Canada or United States.

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• Why move United Stated-based
• companies to China?
• Chinese workers are paid less (lower wages).
• Chinese government offers better rates on buying
  and transporting raw materials and energy.
• American companies pay less taxes (tax
  reductions) and do not pay any duty fees (tax
  exemptions).

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• Making dolls is an international effort!
• China offers manufacturing site, labour, and
  electricity.
• Japan provides nylon (doll's hair)
• Saudi Arabia offers oil.
• Taiwan transforms oil to ethylene to plastic.
• United States and Japan manufacture most of the
  machinery and tools used to produce goods.

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• Is offshoring good for everyone?
• Relocating production to another country is
  called offshoring.
• Offshoring is closing down a plant in American
  and reopening it in a foreign country.
• IN FAVOR
• Companies like Mattel benefit from offshoring
  because it increases their profits
• Chinese leaders are also in favor of it because
  offshoring to China has created 1.2 million jobs

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• American employees are against offshoring because
  it means job losses in the United States.
• The Mattel factory in Kentucky closed down in
  2002.
• Humanitarian organizations have noted that
  offshoring to developing countries can
  sometimes lead to bad working conditions.

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The Great Lakes automotive industry What of its
future?

• American car companies are concentrated in the
  Great Lakes region.
• Detroit is home to General motors, Ford and
  Chrysler.
• Canada's automotive industry
• Most factories are in Ontario between Windsor and
  Oshawa.

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En route to relocation

• Japan is a fierce competitor in the automotive
  industry.
• Since the 1960s, the rise of Japanese car
  companies (Toyota, Nissan and Honda) has affected
  the sales of American made cars.
• Japanese cars were more compact and consumed less
  gas.

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• GM, Ford and Chrysler made the decision to
  offshore (relocate its companies to Mexico in
  order to remain competitive with Japan by lower
  their production costs).
• Relocating to Mexico meant closing many factories
  in the United States and Canada.

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• General Motors, Ste-Thérèse (the end) A
  monthly union meeting of former GM employees, TCA
  local 1163, in their spaces in the town of
  Boisbriand despite the plants closing,
  bringing thirty years operation and Quebecs
  automotive industry to an end. The parking lot
  storing the last Impalas, the only view one has
  of the production as access to the manufacturing
  premises was denied. Were on the outside, and
  thats where well stay, the factory having been
  torn down. 2004 Working, Mercer Union, Toronto.

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The case of Detroit

• It was once the automotive capital of the United
  States.
• Relocating factories to Mexico really affected
  the Great Lakes region.
• The region still manufactures cars however, it
  has reorganized production by installing
  technology that reduces the number of employees
  (labor) and making cars that sell really well in
  America.