9.1 Transforming the Roman World

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9.1 Transforming the Roman World The Feudal
System

• 3.02 Describe events in Western Europe from the
  fall of Rome to the emergence of nation-states
  and analyze the impact of these events on
  economic, political, and social life in medieval
  Europe.

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New Germanic Kingdoms

• Began to move into Roman Empire by 3rd century
• Eventually excluded Romans from holding power in
  Western Roman Empire
• In Britain the Angle and Saxons took control of
  the area

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The Franks

• Part of modern day France western Germany
• Established by Clovis
• Became one of first Germanic rulers to convert to
  Christianity
• Kingdom divided by his sons after his death

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Germanic Family Structures

• Extended family was important in Germanic society
• Worked land together
• Passed it down to future generations
• Provided needed protection

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Wergild

• The Germans devised a legal system based on a
  fine called a wergild
• Wergild was paid by the wrongdoer to the victims
  family
• The value of the fine varied according to social
  status
• It cost more to commit an offense against a noble
  than a slave.

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Ordeal

• A system to establish guilt or innocence through
  a physical trial
• Was based on the belief in divine intervention.

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The Organization of the Church

• By the end of the fourth century, Christianity
  had become the dominant religion of the Roman
  Empire, and the Church developed a system of
  organization.

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The Organization of the Church
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Monks

• Monks became Christian heroes in the new European
  civilization
• Provided religious and moral leadership
• Became the missionaries that converted Western
  Europe to Catholicism
• By 1050, most of Western Europe was Catholic.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v2HEKhr002Ts

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Nuns

• Women could become nuns and live in convents,
  which were headed by abbesses

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The Carolingian Empire

• Pépin
• Chief officer of the Frankish kingdom
• Assumed the kingship for himself
• Son was Charles the Great.
• Charles the Great/Charlemagne
• Intelligent leader and fierce warrior
• Expanded the Frankish kingdom
• Created the Carolingian Empire.

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The Carolingian Empire

• The Carolingian Empire was the largest European
  empire in history at the time.
• 800 - Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the
  Roman Empire by the pope
• This symbolized the joining of Roman, Germanic,
  and Christian elements.

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The End of the Carolingian Empire

• After Charlemagnes death in 814, Europe was
  invaded by foreign powers
• Muslims attacked Southern Europe and France in
  the ninth and tenth centuries.
• At the end of the ninth century, Magyars settled
  in the plains of Hungary and attacked central
  Europe.

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The End of the Carolingian Empire

• Most devastating attacks came from the Vikings
• Used longboats that enabled them to attack towns
  and villages far from the coast.
• Frankish rulers gave the Vikings land in Normandy
• Converted the Norsemen to Christianity
• The Vikings were made a part of European
  civilization.

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The Development of Feudalism

• As a result of invasions, the people of Western
  Europe turned to local lords for protection.
• This led to a social and political system known
  as feudalism

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Vassals

• Men who served a lord in a military capacity.

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Knights

• Came to dominate European warfare for nearly 500
  years.
• Had a high degree of social prestige
• Formed the backbone of European aristocracy.

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The Feudal Contract

• Vassals swore allegiance to a lord
• In turn, the vassal was given a fief and
  political control of it
• The lord and vassal relationship came to be
  characterized by a set of unwritten rules known
  as the feudal contract
• Vassals had to perform military service and the
  lord had to provide land and protection

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Feudal Society

• Nobles and knights attended tournaments where the
  knights would demonstrate their fighting skills.
• Influenced by the Catholic Church, nobles and
  knights began to follow an idealized code of
  ethics called chivalry

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Feudal Society

• Lower-class women had few rights, but
  aristocratic women had opportunities to play
  important roles. The lady of the castle
  supervised affairs for her husbands absence
  travel or war.
• Eleanor of Aquitaine was an influential woman who
  was married to the king of France, and later to
  the king of England

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VOCABULARY WORDS!!!

• 1. ordeal a means of determining guilt in
  Germanic law, based on the idea of divine
  intervention if the accused person was unharmed
  after a physical trial, he or she was presumed
  innocent

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VOCABULARY WORDS!!!

• 2. Pope - the bishop of Rome and head of the
  Roman Catholic Church

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VOCABULARY WORDS!!!

• 3. Feudalism - political and social system that
  developed during the Middle Ages when royal
  governments were no longer able to defend their
  subjects nobles offered protection and land in
  return for service

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VOCABULARY WORDS!!!

• 4. Chivalry - in the Middle Ages, the ideal of
  civilized behavior that developed among the
  nobility it was a code of ethics that knights
  were supposed to uphold

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Videos

• Knights http//www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?Se
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• Life in Medieval Europe http//www.learn360.com/Sh
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  60062ID130183
• Celtic Legend http//www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.as
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