February 2

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February 2 Was the US justified in using the
atomic bombs against Japan?
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US and Canada During WWII
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IB Objectives

• The diplomatic and/or military role of two
  countries in the Second World War
• Social impact of the Second World War on African
  Americans, Native Americans, women and
  minorities conscription
• Treatment of Japanese Americans and Japanese
  Canadians

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IB Objectives

• Reaction to the Holocaust in the Americas
• Impact of technological developments and the
  beginning of the atomic age
• Economic and diplomatic effects of the Second
  World War in one country of the Americas

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IB Paper 3 Sample Questions

• Analyze the social and economic effects of the
  Second World War on one country of the region.
• The atomic bombs were necessary to end the
  Second World War. To what extent do you agree
  with this statement.
• Assess the effects of the Second World War on
  women and minorities in two countries in the
  region.

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IB Paper 3 Sample Questions

• With reference to one country of the region,
  evaluate the impact of the Second World War on
  the economy and on minority groups.
• Why did the United States become involved in the
  Second World War?
• For what reasons, and with what results, were
  Japanese citizens of Canada and the United States
  interned during the Second World War?

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IB Paper 3 Sample Questions

• Assess the impact of the Second World War on the
  economy of one country of the region.

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Key Terms

• Mackenzie King
• Canadian Japanese Internment

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Lecture Outline

• US
• A. Economy
• B. Minorities
• II. Canada

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Effects of WWII on the US

• The US had begun to mobilize prior to WWII. By
  December 1941, more than 1.5 million men and
  women were in uniform. By the end of the war, 15
  million Americans were in the armed forces.
• WWII cost 560 billion and the national debt rose
  from 48 billion in 1941 to 247 billion in 1945.

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Effects of WWII on the US

• Real wages rose 50 during the war and prices
  rose only moderately.
• The size of the federal government grew rapidly,
  from 1.1 million civilian employees in 1940 to
  3.3 million in 1945.
• In 1944 alone, 96,000 airplanes were built in US
  factories.
• By 1943, Kaiser Shipyards were building 1 ship a
  daya total of 10 million tons of shipping were
  constructed during the war.

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WWII and minorities

• The armed forces and US society remained
  segregated, but WWII created opportunities for
  African Americans.
• It sowed the seeds of the civil rights movement.
• African Americans moved to the North in search of
  industrial jobs.
• By 1950, approximately 1/3 of Americas black
  population lived outside the South.

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WWII and Minorities

• Riots broke out in the summer of 1943.
• The worst occurred in Detroit where 500,000
  newcomers, including 60,000 blacks, had moved
  since 1940.
• In June 1943 a fight between teenage whites and
  blacks sparked two days of fighting and
  widespread looting.
• 25 blacks and 9 whites were killed, hundreds
  injured, and millions of dollars of property lost.

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Canada and WWII

• King supported appeasement.
• He visited Nazi Germany in 1937 and believed that
  Hitler was not a threat but an ally in fighting
  against Communism.
• Canada joined the war on September 10, 1939.
  First time Canada declared war.
• Canada hoped that its contribution to the war
  effort would be materials not troops in order to
  avoid another conscription crisis.

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Canada and WII

• 131,533 Commonwealth airmen, including 72,835
  Canadians, graduated from Canadas air training
  schools. This program pumped nearly 1.3 billion
  into the Canadian economy.
• The Canadian army grew from 4,000 to almost
  700,000 men and women. The navy grew from 17 to
  900 ships.
• A nation of less than 12 million people would put
  over 1 million into uniform.

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Canada and WWII

• In the unsuccessful raid by the 2nd Canadian
  Division on Dieppe, France in August 1942, nearly
  2,700 of the 5,000 Canadians who hit the beach
  were casualties.
• Canada ultimately had the 3rd largest navy, and
  the 4th largest air force and army among the
  Allied powers in Europe.

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Canada and WWII

• 43,000 Canadian women were in uniform.
• Canadian military casualties were 42,642 killed
  and about 58,000 wounded.

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Effects of the War on the Economy

• Canadas manufacturing production more than
  doubled, and the country produced 85,000 vehicles
  and over 16,000 military aircraft during the war.
• Union membership doubled during the war.

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Canadian Japanese Internment

• The War Measures Act, a privy (executive) order,
  called for Japanese internment.
• 22,000 Japanese-Canadians (15,000 were native
  born) were interned.
• Men were sent to lumber labor camps and women and
  children to shanty towns. If you wanted your
  family to stay together you had to work on sugar
  beet farms in South Alberta.

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Canadian Japanese Internment

• 4,000 were deported and the plan was to deport
  them all.
• September 1945 government required those in camps
  to relocate East of the Rocky Mts. Or undergo
  repatriation to Japan.
• Internment did not end until 1947.

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Canadian Japanese Internment

• There was no restitution when they were released.
• March 31, 1949 all restrictions of Japanese
  citizens were removed.

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Canadian Japanese Internment

• September 22, 1988 P.M. Mulroney signed an
  agreement that included a payment of 21,000 to
  all living individuals who had been affected by
  the internment, established a fund for community
  rebuilding, a purge of criminal records of those
  convicted, restitution of citizenship for those
  who were exiled, and the creation of the Canadian
  Race Relations Foundation.

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Canada and WWII

• Canada didnt begin conscription until 1944.
• King was re-elected in1945
• WWII laid the basis for the future Canadian
  welfare state.

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Create a venn diagram comparing the effects of
WWII in Canada and the US
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