Morningness

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Morningness Eveningness
By Gabija Kiburtaite Psbns09-2
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Circadian rhythms

• It is a roughly 25-hour cycle of the biochemical,
  physiological or behavioral processes.
• Measured by melatonin secretion and core body
  temperature.
• Humans are normally diurnal animals.

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What chronotype is?

• Chronotype (also called circadian type, diurnal
  preference or diurnal variation) is an attribute
  of humans reflecting whether they are alert early
  or late in the day.
• Chronotype is largely independent of ethnicity,
  gender, and socioeconomic position.
• The age affects chronotype.

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Chronotypes

• Two opposite chronotypes exist
• Morningness
• Eveningness.
• Most people lie somewhere in between.
• People who share a chronotype have similar
  activity-pattern timing.

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Morning Type

• Morning people wake up early and are most alert
  in the first part of the day.
• Also called larks, early-risers or A-persons.
• Mood declines over day.
• Energetic in the mornings, out of steam in the
  evenings.

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About Morning People

• Morning people fall asleep faster.
• They have a higher daytime temperature with an
  earlier peak time.
• The daily body temperature minimum occurs at
  about 4am for morning people.
• Students who are morning people get better grades
  in college.

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Evening Type

• Evening people are most alert in the late evening
  hours and prefer to go to bed late.
• Also called night owls, late-risers or B-persons.
• Mood rises over day.
• Sleepy in the mornings, energetic in the
  evenings.

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About Evening People

• Owls have more variable bedtimes than larks.
• The daily body temperature minimum occurs at
  about 6am for evening people.
• Evening people are more alert after 10.5 hour
  without sleep than morning people.

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Prevalence

• One study
• 80 morning people,
• 17 evening people,
• 3 afternoon people.
• Another survey
• 15 morning people,
• 25 evening people,
• 60 intermediates.

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Personality Differences

• In the Big Five personality model morningness
  correlates positively with Agreeableness trait,
  slightly negatively correlates with Neuroticism
  trait and slightly positively correlates with
  Conscientiousness trait.
• Pre-teen kids who were more active in the
  evenings are likely to experience more behavioral
  issues during adolescence.
• Evening people get higher scores for components
  of creative thinking such as fluidity,
  flexibility and originality.

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Causes

• The reason why people have different chronotypes
  seems to be genetic.
• Researchers studied the CLOCK gene.
• They found that subjects with a specific
  variation of CLOCK gene were most likely evening
  people.

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Conclusions

• Chronotypes are related with biological factors.
• Chronotype is most likely determined by genetic
  causes.
• Morning and evening people have quite different
  timing in alertness.
• There is some personality and cognitive
  differences among opposite chronotypes.

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References

• http//en.wikipedia.org/
• C. Wilson (Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
  Research) Early to bed, early to rise?
  (22/07/1998).
• Morningness-Eveningness.
• K. Wren Science Neuroscientists Probe the
  Differences Between Early and Late Risers
  (23/04/2009).
• C. G. DeYoung. L. Hasher, M. Djikic, B. Criger,
  J. B. Peterson Morning people are stable people
  Circadian rhythm and the higher-order factors of
  the Big Five (30/01/2007).
• Night Writer Sleep Discrimination (1997).
• Are You a Lark or an Owl? (05/2009).
• M. Smolensky, L. Lamberg Are You a Lark, an Owl,
  or a Hummingbird?.
• M. Giampietro , G.M. Cavallera Morning and
  evening types and creative thinking (2007).
• Pictures
• http//softwareengineering.vazexqi.com/files/stati
  stics.jpg
• http//www.jamielatendresse.com/stuff/Chronotype_H
  elv_1-sml.jpg
• https//vr6kqg.blu.livefilestore.com/y1mj5GIIfCa8N
  JNGOjvgU6ty9y3vaMaH8c8-5-T9DIvT_U9UpCpRp04josWPuR6
  3mGhZPARjY4tw9PVo-GbDGiC6ManYZVe8tQBXARPOKseeq7Mi8
  RpJrlQgN1qxE6QXAWsFuty-AScWn8P_P68gT7fHQ/daynight.
  jpg
• http//www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3214/im
  ages/01-coll-dna-knoll-l.jpg
• http//warkscol.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/thb935
  59.jpg
• http//rlv.zcache.com/meadow_lark_photosculpture-p
  153708254934966605u30k_400.jpg
• http//images41.fotki.com/v1243/photos/2/292835/27
  66713/night_owl_sticker5-vi.jpg
• http//www.stacken.kth.se/foo/weekpics/nightowl.j
  pg

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Thank You...
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