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Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials

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Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials Chapter4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials * * eutectic point ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials


1
Chapter 4Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials
  • ???????

2
????
  • ??????????
  • ?????(Ellingham Diagrams)????
  • ??????

3
????
  • ??????????????????
  • ??????????????????

3
4
4.1 ??????????
  • ??
  • ?
  • ?
  • ??????
  • ???????????

5
4.1.1 ???????
  • ??(Internal Energy)
  • ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????????
    ,????????,??????????
  • ?????????

W?PV0
6
  • ?(Enthalpy)

???????
9/24/2015 111042 AM
6
7
  • ?(Entropy)
  • ???????(QR)????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????,?????????????????

7
8
  • ???(Free Energy)

??????? ??????????,????????
?Glt0,??????? ?Ggt0,???????? ?G0,?????????
????????
9
4.1.2 ??????????????
??????????
????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ?????

10
???????????
?G0?H0-T?S0
300K
1200K
11
4.2????????? Ellingham Diagrams
4.2.1 ?????
  • ??????G0-T???
  • ?G0-T???????

12
(No Transcript)
13
?G0-T????
  • ??????????,??S0lt0, (- ?S0)gt0,?????
  • ??O2??????
  • ??????????,??S0gt0, (- ?S0)lt0,?????
  • ??????????,??S00, (- ?S0)0,????,?? G0????????

14
4.2.2 ????????
  • ???????,?????????????????????????????,????????????
    ???????????????

15
4.2.2.1 ??????????
??T??????

??????,????????,???????????
16
4.2.2.2 ????????
  • ?G0-T??????,???????G0????,?????????
  • ??????,??????G0-T?????????????G0-T??????????
  • ??H2O??????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????G0?

17
?TiO2?MgO???
  • TiO2?????MgO??????,??????????????
  • 1000???????????????
  • ?G0lt0,??????????Ti???MnO?

18
4.2.2.3 ?????????
  • ??????????????????,??????????????????
  • ??CO???????,??????,?G0??,CO??????
  • ???????,??????????????

19
4.3 ??????
  • ?(phase)???????,?????????????
  • ?????????????,?????????
  • ??(phase diagram)???(??)????????????????????????
    ??????????

????,???????????,???????????????,??????,??????????
??,??????????????????????
20
4.3.1 ??????
  • ??(Component) ??????????????,?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???(Phases Equilibrium) ?????????????,??????????
    ????????,????????????????
  • ?????????????

21
  • ?????(Gibbs Phase Rule)
  • ?????????????????? ??????????????
  • f c-p2
  • f????
  • c????????????
  • p??????
  • 2???????????????
  • ????????????,????????? ,???1

22
4.3.2 ??
  • 4.3.2.1 ?????

23
4.3.2.2 ????? Unary phase diagrams
c1
???p1,f2
?????? p2,f1
???p3,f0
24
????????????
25
4.3.2.4 ???? Binary phase diagrams
  • c2
  • ?????fc-p13-p
  • ????????f3-12

?????
??????
26
??????
  • ????(isomorphous system)??????????

wB,
27
????
28
??????
?????????
29
????
2?? ??????? c2,p2,f1 2???? ??????? c2,p
1,f2 1???? c2,p2,f1
30
????????
?????
?????
31
??????Eutectic phase diagram
  • ???(A?B)??????????????????????????????

32
????
L
???
???
???
???
LĂŸ
La
ĂŸ
a
???
???
aĂŸ
aB????A????????? ĂŸA????B????????? ??????????,??
????????????
33
????eutectic reaction
  • ???????????????,??????
  • ????,??????
  • fc-p12-310
  • ????????????????????,?????????????

34
  • ??? eutectic point ?????,???????????????????(E?)?
  • ???? eutectic temperature??????,????????????
  • ???? eutectic composition??????,????????????

35
E??????????CE????????????CC???????CD??????????W?/
W?????????
????????
36
?? Pb-Sn??
??1???????????
37
??????Peritectic phase diagram
????(peritectic reaction) ??????,???????????????
??????,?????????????
38
????
???
???
???
39
????????????
40
?? Pt-Ag??
41
(No Transcript)
42
?????? Monotectic phase diagram
??? monotectic point
????( monotectic reaction)
43
??????????
  • ?????????,???????
  • ???????????,?????????????????,??????????
  • ?????????????????????,??????????????,???????

44
????????Mg-Si??
?????????K-Na??
45
???????????
  1. ????????????,?????????1,????????,??????????????,?
    ??????????????,????????????
  2. ??????,????????????,??????????????,???????????,???
    ????????,????????????????,?????????????
  3. ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????

46
???????????
  • ????????????????,????????
  • ????????,??????????????????,????,???????
  • ????????,??????????????,??????????????????????
  • ?????????????,??????????????????????(????????????)
    ?????????????,?????????,??????????,???????????????
    ???????????,????????????

47
????????????
?????? ?????? ??? ????
??? (???) ???? L?aĂŸ
??? (???) ???? ??aĂŸ
??? (???) ???? L1?L2a
??? (???) ???? d??L
??? (???) ???? LĂŸ?a
??? (???) ???? ?ĂŸ?a
??? (???) ???? L1L2?a
48
4.3.2.5 ?????? Ternary phase diagrams
  • (1)?????????????
  • ???c3
  • ??fc-p13-p14-p (????)
  • ????????????
  • ??????3????

p 1 2 3 4
f 3 2 1 0
49
???????
  • ???????????
  • ???????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????????,?AB,BC,AC?


50
?????
  • ?????????????A?B?C
  • ??????????100,?????????????????????
  • M?????????

51
(2)??????????
  • ?????
  • ???????,?????????????????????????????
  • DD???????,???CD a???
  • EE???????,???AE b???
  • FF???????,???BF c????

52
?????
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????
    ??????????

CD ??????M,???A?B???????
53
????
  • ??????????M,??M????????????,?????????????(??????),
    ????????????????????,??????????

54
????
  • ??????,????????????(?????????????)?,????????????,?
    ????????????????????

55
????
  • ?????,????????????M1?M2?M3?????M,???M?????????
    M1M2M3??,M????????????????f1,T???,?????????????

56
??????
  • M??? M1M2M3???????,????????????????????M1M2??????
    ?M3???????M,????????????

M1M2P MM3P
M1M2MM3
57
??????
  • ????M?????? M1M2M3??????,??????????????????,?M????
    ???????
  • ??????M,???M3???????M1?M2?

????M1M2MM3
MM3-( M1M2)
58
(3)??????
  • ?????????????,???????,?????????????????

59
???
???
60
c
c
C
a
b
B
A
b
a
61
????
??????????M?????????
62
???
63
?????
T
??? ??????????????
64
??????
K
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