Flying in Special Use Airspace

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This presentation originally appeared online a
http//presentations.ScaryLittleAirplanes.org. Th
is site has been suspended however. It is
reproduced here therefore. Who originally
created it is not known. Please view all after
Washington ADIZ.
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Flying in Special Use Airspace

• Flying around Washington D.C.
• Flying in Presidential TFRs.
• Lost Procedures
• Intercept Procedures

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Disclaimer

• The information contained in this presentation
  will become obsolete.
• Information in this presentation may be wrong.
• Your presenter, while well meaning, may be
  completely out to lunch, if not a complete idiot.
• The use of deadly force has been authorized.

Get a briefing before EVERY flight!!! 1-800-WX-BRI
EF
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Topics to Cover

• Flying Around Washington D.C.
• Flying in Presidential TFRs
• Lost Procedures
• Intercept Procedures

• An electronic copy of this presentation will be
  available at
• http//presentations.ScaryLittleAirplanes.org

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Washington D.C. Airspace

• Flying into the ADIZ
• Departing from the ADIZ
• Pattern Work in the ADIZ
• Visual Warning System
• Other ADIZ Information

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The Washington D.C. Area
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Parts of Special D.C. Airspace

• Flight Restricted Zone
• Also called the Special Flight Rules Area.
• Generally speaking, you may not operate within
  the Flight Restricted Zone.
• Air Defense Identification Zone
• Generally, operations in the ADIZ are subject to
  the following conditions
• An NAS flight plan must be filed on the ground.
• The flight plan must be activated (with ATC).
• You must be squawking an a discrete transponder
  code.
• There are exceptions to the above.

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ADIZ Entry Requirement 1Flight Plans

• Prior to operating an aircraft in the DC ADIZ,
  pilots must
• File their flight plan with an AFSS.
• Activate their flight plan prior to departure or
  entering the DC ADIZ.
• Close their flight plan upon landing or leaving
  the DC ADIZ.

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ADIZ Entry Requirement 2Communications with ATC

• Your aircraft must be equipped with an operable
  two-way radio capable of communicating with ATC
  on appropriate radio frequencies.
• The flight crew must establish two-way radio
  communications with the appropriate ATC facility
  before operating in this ADIZ and the flight crew
  must maintain the capability of continuing
  two-way radio communications with the appropriate
  ATC facility while operating in this ADIZ.
• Aircraft operating in an airport traffic pattern
  at non-towered airports are exempt from the ATC
  communication requirements, provided they monitor
  the airport CTAF.

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ADIZ Entry Requirement 3Transponders

• The aircraft is equipped with an operating
  transponder with automatic altitude reporting
  capability as specified in 14 CFR section 91.215.
• Prior to operating the aircraft in the ADIZ, the
  flight crew obtains a discrete transponder code
  from ATC.
• The Aircrafts transponder continuously transmits
  the ATC issued discrete transponder code while
  the aircraft is operating in this ADIZ.

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ADIZ Entry Requirement 4Airspace

• The flight crew, prior to operating within Class
  B, C or D airspace that is within the ADIZ must
  receive a separate ATC clearance to enter the
  Class B, C or D airspace.

• Class B
• Get a normal clearance in addition to ADIZ
  procedures.
• Class D
• Establish two-way radio communications, as
  normal, in addition to ADIZ procedures.

• Restricted Airspace
• Stay out.
• Prohibited Airspace
• Stay out.
• Flight Restricted Zone
• Stay out.

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Flying VFR into the ADIZ

• File an NAS Flight Plan
• Specify that you are penetrating the Washington
  D.C. ADIZ.
• File the route that you intend to fly.
• Prior to entering the ADIZ
• Contact Potomac Approach and request a discrete
  transponder code for ADIZ penetration.
• Squawk the appropriate code, and listen for
  RADAR Contact.
• Continue squawking the code until you are on the
  ground or clear of the ADIZ.
• Close your flight plan with FSS.

Potomac Approach, this is Warrior 8321H, ten
miles southwest of Lancaster VOR level 2,000
feet, with an ADIZ flight plan on file for
Gaithersburg. Request discrete transponder code
for ADIZ penetration.
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Landing or Transitioning?

• Landing in the ADIZ?
• You will be handed off to CTAF or tower when
  near the destination airport.
• Continue squawking your code until you are on the
  ground.
• Close your flight plan with the correct FSS!!!
• Transitioning the ADIZ?
• You will be advised when you are clear of the
  ADIZ.
• Dont forget to close your flight plan with the
  correct FSS!!!

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Departing VFR from within the ADIZ

• File an NAS Flight Plan
• Specify that you are penetrating the Washington
  D.C. ADIZ.
• File the route that you intend to fly.
• Activate the NAS Flight Plan through
• Clearance Delivery, or
• Flight Services RCO, or
• 1-800-WX-BRIEF
• While departing
• Set your transponder code, and put the
  transponder in ALT mode.
• From a Towered Airport, talk to tower until
  handed off to Potomac Approach.
• From a non-towered airport, talk to CTAF and
  change to approach as soon as possible.
• Close your flight plan with FSS when appropriate.

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Fringe Airports

• There are special departure rules for the
  following fringe airports
• Airlie
• Albrecht
• Harris
• Martin
• Martin State
• Meadows
• Mylander
• Stewart
• St. John
• Tilghman Whipp
• Upperville
• Wolf

• Departure Checklist
• No flight plan required.
• Squawk 1205.
• Use CTAF to announce your departure.
• Monitor Potomac Approach.
• Exit the ADIZ by the most direct route possible
  while
• Adhering to the pattern.
• Following any noise-abatement procedures.

These procedures are for departures only and are
subject to change. Check NOTAMs.
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Bay Bridge and KentmoreThe Carve Out
3NM
Route 50
Bay Bridge
5NM
Kentmore
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Bay Bridge and KentmoreLanding and Departing
East-bound Runways
Squawk 1227
Bay Bridge
Squawk 1233
Kentmore
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Bay Bridge and KentmoreLanding and Departing
West-bound Runways
Bay Bridge
Squawk 1227
Squawk 1233
Kentmore
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Bay Bridge and KentmoreOperations Checklist

• Bay Bridge Airport
• You do not need a flight plan.
• Remain below the floor of the Class B airspace.
• Fly the published routes.
• Use CTAF normally.
• Stay inside the carve out.
• Squawk 1227.

• Kentmore Airport
• You do not need a flight plan.
• Remain below the floor of the Class B airspace.
• Fly the published routes.
• Use CTAF normally.
• Stay inside the carve out.
• Squawk 1233.

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Local Pattern WorkTowered Non-Towered Airports

• Pattern work at Towered Airports
• No flight plan required.
• Squawk 1234.
• Pattern work at non-Towered Airports
• File a Flight Plan.
• Squawk the assigned discrete beacon code.
• Use CTAF as you normally would.
• Close your flight plan when done.

You do not need to talk to Potomac Approach, but
DO NOT leave the pattern!!!
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The Visual Warning System

• What is it?
• The Visual Warning System is a series of Laser's
  stationed around the National Capital Region.
• They are used to alert aircraft that are
  violating the ADIZ.
• They will NOT damage a persons eyes.
• How it works.
• The beam is aimed at the penetrating aircraft.
• If you see the beam, you are probably being
  targeted.

RED RED GREEN
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The Visual Warning System What if Im
illuminated?

• If youre talking to ATC
• Tell ATC that you are being illuminated.
• Follow instructions.

• If you are not talking to ATC
• Turn away from the center of the ADIZ.
• Tune to 121.5Mhz.
• Talk to ATC and request instructions.

Even if you comply, you will probably be
intercepted by the military, and face certificate
action.
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For Instrument Pilots

• How it works
• File and obtain your clearance normally.
• You must get your clearance on the ground.
• You may not pick up your clearance in the air.
• Who is responsible?
• ATC has been known to vector or clear IFR
  aircraft into security airspace.
• ATC has been known to issue approach clearances
  that violate airspace.
• At least one aircraft with failing equipment has
  almost been shot down (Gov. Fletcher).

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Emergency Procedures

• What if my transponder fails?
• Leave the ADIZ by the most direct route (airspace
  permitting).
• What if I lose Comm?
• Squawk 7600.
• Fly your filed route.
• Dont be alarmed if you have an escort.
• If you think you are being intercepted

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Presidential TFRs

• What does a TFR look like?
• Where can I operate?
• How do I activate my flight plan?

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A Typical Presidential TFR
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Where can I Operate?

• Inner Zone
• Generally speaking, you may not operate within
  the inner zone.
• Outer Zone
• Operations in the outer zone are subject to
  several conditions.
• You must be on an IFR or VFR flight plan.
• You must be in radio communications with ATC.
• You must be squawking a discrete transponder
  code.
• You must be conducting an approved operation.

NOTE This procedure seems to change, on
occasion. Consult NOTAMs and always get a
briefing.
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How do I enter the TFR?

• Airborne
• File a Flight Plan.
• Contact ATC prior to entry.
• ATC may pass you off to the controlling facility.
• Squawk your discrete code.
• Ensure you are RADAR identified before
  penetrating the outer area.
• Squawk your code until clear of the TFR or all
  the way to the ground.
• Close your flight plan!!!

• On the Ground
• File a Flight Plan.
• Call Clearance Delivery, if available.
• Call Flight Services if CD is not available.
• Use an RCO if available.
• Use the phone if you must (call 1-866-295-3835).
• Squawk your discrete code before takeoff.
• Squawk your code until clear of the TFR or all
  the way to the ground.
• Close your flight plan!!!

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For Instrument Pilots

• How it works
• File and obtain your clearance normally.
• You must get your clearance on the ground.
• You may not pick up your clearance in the air.
• Who is responsible?
• ATC has been known to vector or clear IFR
  aircraft into security airspace.
• ATC has been known to issue approach clearances
  that violate airspace.
• At least one aircraft with failing equipment has
  almost been shot down (Gov. Fletcher).

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Emergency Procedures

• What if my transponder fails?
• Leave the TFR by the most direct route (airspace
  permitting).
• What if I lose Comm?
• Squawk 7600.
• Fly your filed route.
• Dont be alarmed if you have an escort.
• If you think you are being intercepted

NOTE These procedures are not well defined.
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Lost Procedures

• How do you keep from getting lost?
• How do you know when youre lost?
• What to do when youre lost?

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How do you keep from getting lost?

• Flight Plan
• Calculate a Dead Reckoning route, and follow it.
• Use Pilotage to support Dead Reckoning.
• Equipment
• If your airplane is GPS equipped, use it.
• If your airplane is VOR equipped, fly VOR to VOR.
• Always have a redundant plan.
• Use Services
• A briefing will tell you if facilities are out of
  service.
• ATC will probably tell you if youre heading off
  into the puckies.

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How do you know when youre lost?

• Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
• Do you see what you expected to see?
• Is your heading what you expected it to be?
• Be cynical.
• Equipment
• How do you know your GPS works?
• Identify your VORs, and use the indicators.
• Air Traffic Control
• Use RADAR services when available.

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What to do when youre lost?

• Climb
• High altitude improves visibility and radio
  reception.
• Conserve
• Save gas.
• Communicate
• Find somebody who can help you
• Center, Approach, FSS or 121.5
• Confess
• Admit to ATC that you are lost, and ask for their
  help.
• Cooperate
• Relax and (when safe) do as youre told.

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Intercept Procedures

• How do you know when youve been intercepted?
• What are your immediate actions?
• How to communicate?
• Visual communications.

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Have I been intercepted?

• What types of aircraft are used for intercepts?
• Military
• Fighter Jets
• Helicopters
• Law Enforcement
• Business Jets
• Signs of Intercept
• Official aircraft operating in your vicinity.
• Aircraft flying in formation with you.
• Aircraft dispensing flares.

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Intercept Immediate Actions

• If you think youve been intercepted
• Follow instruction from Intercepting Aircraft
• Instructions from Interceptor overrule
  instructions from ATC.
• Notify ATC.
• Establish Communications with the aircraft
• Try Guard first. (121.5 or 243.0)
• Ask ATC for help if needed.
• Squawk 7700
• If you are intercepted by a jet, and youre
  flying a slow airplane, use best forward speed.

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Communications Methods

• Four ways to communicate with the Interceptor.
• Establish direct communications on guard.
• 121.5 or 243.0.
• Use ATC as an intermediary.
• Hand Signs
• Consider carrying paper and markers.
• Visual Communications

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Visual Communications

• What does it mean when
• The intercepting aircraft rocks its wings from a
  position slightly above and ahead of, and
  normally to the left of, the intercepted
  aircraft?

• You have been intercepted. Follow Me.
• How do you respond?

• Rock your wings to acknowledge.
• Follow the interceptor to a new course.

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Visual Communications

• What does it mean when
• The intercepting aircraft abruptly executes a
  break-away maneuver from the intercepted aircraft
  consisting of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or
  more without crossing the line of flight of the
  intercepted aircraft.

• Intercept over You may proceed.
• How do you respond?

• Rock your wings to acknowledge.
• Continue on your way.

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Visual Communications

• What does it mean when
• Circles an airport, lowering landing gear and
  overflying runway in direction of landing or, if
  the intercepted aircraft is a helicopter,
  overflying the helicopter landing area

• Land here.
• How do you respond?

• Lower you landing gear.
• Turn on your landing light.
• Overfly the runway.
• If the runway is safe, land.

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Visual Communications

• What if you cant land there?
• Raise your landing gear (if fitted).
• Flash landing lights while passing over the
  landing surface at a height
• If a helicopter, at a height exceeding 50m (170
  ft) but not exceeding 100m (330 ft) above the
  airport.
• Otherwise, exceeding 300m (1,000 ft) but not
  exceeding 600m (2,000 ft) above the airport.
• Continue to circle the landing surface.
• If unable to flash landing lights, flash any
  other lights available.

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Visual Communications

• What if I cant comply?
• Flash all lights in a REGULAR pattern.
• What if Im in distress?
• Flash all lights in an IRREGULAR pattern.

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Thank You