Ch. 5,

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Ch. 5, Crisis in the Colonies

• 1745-1775

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European Rivals in North America
FRENCH TERRITORY
NEW SPAIN
13 COLONIES
Ohio River Valley
FLORIDA (owned by Spain)
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Conflict in the Ohio Valley

• France was determined to stop the English from
  expanding westward
• Native Americans chose sides
• French built strong alliances with Hurons and
  Algonquins
• English allied with the Iroquois by playing on
  tribal rivalries and offering trade goods at low
  prices.

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1754 French Indian War Begins

• Washington led 150 men against 700 at Ft.
  Duquesne (Ft. Necessity)
• He was only 22 years old!
• Had to surrender, was eventually released

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Fort Duquesne
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Fort Necessity
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Albany Congress

• Ben Franklins Albany Plan of Union
• His plan was rejected

www.michaeldeas.com/
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Death of Wolfe by Benjamin West
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Turmoil over taxation
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Pontiacs War

• Pontiac, an Ottowa chief who had fought for the
  French, led an attack on British troops at Fort
  Detroit
• Thought French would come to their aid
• Sorry.the wars over!
• Resulted in the Proclamation of 1763

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10,000 British Soldiers to the Rescue!

• King George III sent troops to enforce his
  proclamation
• Most didnt care for the backcountry so they hung
  out in the cities
• Stationing British troops in the colonies proves
  to be very costly

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Turmoil over Taxation

• The French Indian war plunged Britain deeply
  into debt.
• Prime Minister George Grenville figured that the
  colonies should have to share the burden of taxes.

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Taxes, Taxes

• Sugar Act tax on molasses actually lowered the
  existing tax but was enforceable
• Stamp Act tax on legal documents
• 9 Colonies signed a petition saying that
  Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.
• Americans boycotted British goods so the Stamp
  Act was repealed
• Townshend Acts new taxes on certain goods

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Issue?

• No taxation without representation
• The colonies had no representation in Parliament
  and therefore had no voice

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Colonial Protests Grow

• Writ of Assistance (right to search a ship
  without reason)
• Sons of Liberty hang tax collectors in effigy
• Daughters of Liberty started a boycott of British
  cloth
• http//www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/sons.
  htm

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Samuel Adams

• Organized rallies, stirred up public support
• Started a letter writing campaign called the
  committee of correspondence

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John Adams

• Schoolteacher then lawyer
• Knowledge of British law made people respect him

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Abigail Adams

• The wife of John Adams, the first Vice President,
  and second President, of the United States, and
  the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth
  President of the United States. She was the first
  Second Lady of the United States and second First
  Lady of the United States.
• Her letters provide an eyewitness account of the
  American Revolution.

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Mercy Otis Warren

• Wrote plays making fun of the British officials

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Boston Massacre
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Temporary Calm

• British merchants harmed by the colonies boycott
  pressured Parliament to end the taxes.
• There must always be one tax to keep up the
  right to tax King George

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Boston Tea Party (1773)
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Reaction Intolerable Acts (1774)

• Boston harbor was shut down until colonists paid
  for the tea
• Massachusetts colonists were forbidden to hold
  meetings more than once a year
• Customs officials and officers had to be tried in
  England
• Colonists would have to house officers in their
  own homes.

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Quebec Act

• Set up a government for Canada
• Gave complete freedom to French Catholics
• Extended borders of Quebec to include some of the
  Ohio River Valley
• Angered the colonists even more

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First Continental Congress (1774)

• 12 colonies represented
• Agreed to boycott all British goods until
  Intolerable Acts were repealed
• Set up militia

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Lexington and Concord (April 18, 1775)

• British marched to seize the colonists stash of
  weapons and gunpowder
• Paul Reveres ride
• The Shot heard round the world

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Old North Church, Boston one if by land, two if
by sea.
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