The Olympics

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The Olympics
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Origin of the Ancient Olympic Games

• An athletic and religious celebration
• Held in Olympia
• Held every four years
• As early as 776 B.C. A.D. 393.

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Origin Myth 1
Hercules won a race at Olympia and the decreed
that the race should be re-enacted every four
years.
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Myth 2

• Zeus began Olympic games after defeating Cronus

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Myth 3

• King Iphitos of Elis, in an attempt to save his
  people from war, was instructed by the Oracle of
  Delphi to organize games in honor of the gods.
  The war was stopped during these games.

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Myth 4

• Held in honor of Pelops, king of Olympia and hero
  of Peloponnesian War. King Oenomaus challenged
  his daughters suitors. 13th suitor, Pelops, with
  help of Poseidon who provided him with divine
  horses and chariot, bribed Oenomaus charioteer
  (he pulled lynchpins). Oenomaus was killed and
  Pelops married the princess.

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History of 1st Olympic Games

• Probably began before 776 B.C.
• 1st recorded in 776 B.C.
• Only competition was the stadion race (190 meters
  measured after feet of Hercules)
• Abolished in A.D. 394 by Roman emperor,
  Theodosius I.

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Ancient Olympic Events

• Only involved Greeks
• Had to qualify
• Only young people competed (women were allowed to
  participate in equestrian events)

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For Guys only.

• In 396 B.C. and in 392 B.C. a Spartan princess
  named Cynisca won the four-horse race. (Against
  MEN!!!!)

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Oh No.

• Competitors competed naked! As they were
  celebration the weather and the achievements of
  the human body!

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The Olympic Flame

• Honor of the theft of fire from Zeus by
  Prometheus
• lit by the Sun on Mount Olympus
• Torch appeared in modern day Olympics in 1928
• Modern torch relay was introduced in Berlin in
  1936

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Events
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Pentathlon

• Jason of Argos
• 708 B.C.
• Combination of five events discus, javelin,
  long jump, running, and wrestling

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Boxing

• Invented by Apollo
• 688 B.C.
• Did not use gloves used himantes (leather throng
  around hands and wrists)

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Wrestling

• 708 B.C.
• Orthia Pale - Upright wrestling try to throw
  opponent to ground 3 times
• Kato Pale - Ground wrestling

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Canoeing

• 1936-present
• Paddling a canoe or kayak

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Fencing

• 1896
• System of sword-based offense and defense

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Arquebus

• 1896
• Shooting

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Pancratium

• 648 B.C.
• Event involving a combination of wrestling and
  boxing

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Apene

• 500 B.C.
• Chariot race with two mules pulling a chariot

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Tethrippon

• 696 B.C.
• A four-horsed chariot race for twelve laps

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Synoris

• 408 B.C.
• A two-horse chariot race for eight laps

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Diaulos

• 724 B.C.
• Running race of 400 meters

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Stadion

• 776 B.C.
• 180 meter foot race

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Dolichos

• 700 B.C.
• Running race of 1,400 1,800 meters

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Hoplitodromos

• 520 B.C.
• A running race of 400 800 meters
• With armor

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Hiplitdromos

• Horse Race

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Archery

• 1900 today
• Using bow and arrow

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Tug-of-War

• Not an event!

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How long did the Olympics last?

• Festival grew to 5 days (3 for events and 2 for
  religious purposes)
• Final day banquet
• Winner an olive branch

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The rings represent the five parts of the world
that were joined together in the Olympic
movement Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia
and Europe.
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Olympic Winners

• Heroes
• Parades were held for them
• Some even got free meals for a year

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Herodotus

• Father of History
• Read his account of Persian War at the Olympics

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Sites of the Modern-Day Olympics- Athens,
Greece
Locations of the Modern-Day Summer Olympics
Locations of the Modern-Day Winter Olympics

• 1900 - Paris, France 1904 - St. Louis, Missouri,
  USA 1906 - Athens, Greece1908 - London, England
  1912 - Stockholm, Sweden 1916 - Canceled1920 -
  Antwerp, Belgium 1924 - Paris, France 1928 -
  Amsterdam, Holland 1932 - Los Angeles,
  California, USA 1936 - Berlin, Germany 1940 -
  Canceled1944 - Canceled1948 - London, England
  1952 - Helsinki, Finland 1956 - Melbourne,
  Australia 1960 - Rome, Italy 1964 - Tokyo,
  Japan 1968 - Mexico City, Mexico 1972 - Munich,
  Germany1976 - Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1980 -
  Moscow, USSR 1984 - Los Angeles, California, USA
  1988 - Seoul, South Korea 1992 - Barcelona,
  Spain 1996 - Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2000 -
  Sydney, Australia 2004 - Athens, Greece 2008 -
  Beijing, China2012 - London, United Kingdom

• 1924 - Chamonix, France 1928 - St. Moritz,
  Switzerland 1932 - Lake Placid, New York, USA
  1936 - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 1940 -
  Canceled1944 - Canceled1948 - St. Moritz,
  Switzerland 1952 - Oslo, Norway 1956 - Cortina
  d'Ampezzo, Italy 1960 - Squaw Valley,
  California, USA 1964 - Innsbruck, Austria 1968
  - Grenoble, France 1972 - Sapporo, Japan 1976 -
  Innsbruck, Austria 1980 - Lake Placid, New York,
  USA 1984 - Sarajevo, Yugoslavia1988 - Calgary,
  Alberta, Canada1992 - Albertville, France 1994
  - Lillehammer, Norway 1998 - Nagano, Japan2002
  - Salt Lake City, Utah, USA2006 - Turin,
  Italy2010 - Vancouver, Canada