CGE Training Materials National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1
CGE Training MaterialsNational Greenhouse Gas
Inventories

• Industrial Processes Sector
• Version 2, April 2012

Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2
Target Audience and Objective from Training
Materials

• These training materials are suitable for people
  with beginner to intermediate level knowledge of
  national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory
  development.
• After having read this Presentation, in
  combination with the related documentation, the
  reader should
• Have an overview of how emissions inventories are
  developed for the industrial processes sector
• Have a general understanding of the UNFCCC and
  IPCC guidelines
• Be able to determine which methods suits their
  countrys situation best
• Know where to find more detailed information on
  the topic discussed.
• These training materials have been developed
  primarily on the basis of methodologies developed
  by the IPCC hence the reader is always
  encouraged to refer to the original documents to
  obtain further detailed information on a
  particular issue.

2
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
3
Acronyms

• NEU Non-Energy Uses
• EF Emission Factor
• EFDB IPCC Emission Factor Database
• CBI Confidential Business Information

3
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
4
Outline of course Industrial Processes

• Definitions (slide 3)
• Approaches and steps
• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (slide 5)
• IPCC Good Practice Guidance (2000) (slide 29)
• Problems in using guidelines, and recommendations
  (slide 41)

4
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
5
Definitions (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines)

• Non-energy-related physical and chemical
  processes in production activities leading to
  transformation of raw materials and emissions of
  greenhouse gas (GHG) (e.g. decomposition
  reactions).
• Non-energy uses (NEU) of feedstock in process
  reactions or stage processes that do not only
  release heat but also act predominantly as
  reducing agent (e.g. metallurgical coke in the
  smelting of ores in metal production).
• The energy/heat required for initiating and/or
  sustaining the chemical reaction kinetically and
  thermodynamically is accounted for under energy
  sector.

5
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
6
Definitions (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines) (cont.)

• Feedstock delivered to petrochemical plants and
  used for manufacture of other products and not
  for energy purposes (e.g. use of natural gas or
  other fossils in the manufacture of ammonia).
• Production-related emissions are NOT classified
  under the industrial processes sector but under
  energy sector are GHGs released from fuel
  combustion of feedstock in production activities
  as sources of energy forms of energy (i.e. heat,
  process steam or electricity generation).

6
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
7
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsDifferentiating Non-energy and
Energy-related Emissions (source IPCC 1996 GL
vol.3)

• Cement production - section 2.3.1
• Lime production - section 2.4.1
• Soda ash production and use - section 2.6.1
• Ammonia production - section 2.8.1 and 2.8.2
• Silicon carbide - section 2.11.1
• Calcium carbide - section 2.11.2
• Iron and steel - section 2.13.3.2
• Ferro alloys - section 2.13.5.1
• Aluminium - section 2.13.5.1.

7
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
8
Differentiation of Non-Energy and Energy-related
Emissions in the Industrial Processes
Sector Illustration based on Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines (vol. 3)
8
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
9
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsSource and Sub-source Categories and
Disaggregation

• Tools for classification
• The UNFCCC GHG inventory software for non-Annex I
  Parties (electronic version of IPCC worksheets)
• IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB).

9
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
10
Sub-source Categories/DisaggregationIllustratio
n with EFBD and UNFCCC software (Revised 1996
IPCC Guidelines)
10
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
11
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsRelevant Source Categories

• GHGs from the IP sector
• (a) CO2, CH4, N2O
• (b) HFCs, PFCs, SF6
• (c) SO2, CO, NOx, NMVOCs.
• The UNFCCC inventory software long summary
  table specifies all the relevant GHGs for the
  various source categories required to be
  reported. They represent a ready source of
  identification of relevant GHGs for sources and
  sub-sources of the various sectors.

11
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
12
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsGeneral Estimation Methodology

• General equation
• TOTALij ADj x EFij
• where
• TOTALij process emission (tonnes) of gas i,
  from industrial sector j
• ADj amount of activity or production of process
  material (activity data) in industrial sector j
  (tonnes/yr)
• EFij emission factor (EF) associated with gas
  I, per unit of activity in industrial sector j
  (tonne/tonne).

12
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
13
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsChoice of Methods

• For certain industrial processes, more than one
  estimation methodology is presented. These are
• Simplified approach, referred to as Tier 1
• More detailed methodology, referred to as Tier 2.

13
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
14
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsChoice of Methods

• Several options are also provided for certain
  industrial processes under Tier 1, such as Tier
  1a, 1b, 1c, based on data availability and
  suitability of methods.
• Order of preference for Tier 1 methods is 1a gt 1b
  gt 1c.
• Encourages country-specific methods, documented
  and adequately referenced.

14
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
15
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsSample Tiers by Sub-source Categories

• 2B1 Ammonia production (CO2)
• Tier 1a AD as natural gas consumption (m3) and
  EF (kgC/m3)
• Tier 1b AD as ammonia production (tonnes) and
  EF (tonne CO2/tonne NH3)
• 2B4 Calcium Carbide Production (CO2)
• T1a Consumption of petroleum coke (tonnes) and
  EF (tonne C/tone Coke type)
• T1b Production of carbide.

15
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
16
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories

• 2C Metal production (Iron and Steel, Al,
  Ferro-alloys)
• Tier 1a Consumption of reducing agent (tonnes)
  and EF (tonne C/tonne reducing agent)
• Tier 1b Production of the metal (tonnes) and EF
  (tonne CO2/tonne metal).

16
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
17
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories

• PFCs from aluminum production
• Tier 1a Direct plant emissions data
• Tier 1b Estimation based on plant measurements
  and empirical estimation
• Tire 1c Based on aluminium production (tones)
  and default emission factor (kg/tone Al).

17
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
18
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories

• 2E HCFC manufacture (HFC-23 release)
• Tier 1 AD (total production in tonnes) and
  Default EF ( of total production)
• Tier 2 Direct emissions from plant specific
  measurements using standard methods
• 2F Consumption of ozone depleting substances
  (ODS) substitutes (HFCs, PFCs and SF6)
• Tier 1a and Tier b Potential emissions
• Tier 2 Actual emissions.

18
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
19
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsChoice of Activity Data

• Plant-level measurements or direct emissions
  reports with documented methodologies
• Where direct measurements are not available,
  estimations may be based on calculation with
  plant-specific data.

19
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
20
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsChoice of Activity Data

• If there is a lack of activity data at the
  national level, use
• International data sets (United Nations data sets
  and industry associations)
• National databases where available from
  appropriate government ministries (e.g.
  statistics services, environment ministry, etc.)
• Standard production statistics from national
  statistical publications
• Note that there can be a conflict between
  activity data collected from various Sources

20
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
21
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Approach and
StepsChoice of Default Emission Factors

• Process-reaction-based EFs (stoichiometric
  ratios)
• Production-based emission factors
• Technology-specific emission factors
• Reported country-/region-specific plant-level
  measurements
• IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB), a summary
  for process-reaction-based and technology-based
  EFs

21
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
22

• Illustrate Use of Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
  for IP Sector
• IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

22
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
23

• Comparability of IPCC Technology-based Default EF
  and GPG2000 Plant-level EF
• The Case of Aluminium Production Inventory in
  Ghana

23
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
24
Good Practice Activity DataPlant-level EF based
on Tier 1a method
24
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
25
Consumption of Reducing Agent Anode carbon
25
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
26
Net Carbon Consumption
26
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
27
Comparability of Good Practice Plant level and
IPCC default
Process parameter Country-specific (plant level Tier 2) - 7-year average IPCC default including baking emissions (5)
Net carbon consumption assuming 98 purity of anode carbon (tonne C/tonne) 0.445
Emission factor(tonne CO2/tonne Al) 1.63 1.58
difference 3.5
27
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
28

• Emissions Estimating and Reporting
• Use of UNFCCC GHG Inventory Software
• IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

28
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
29
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management
in NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG
2000) Industrial Processes Sector

• Approach and Steps

29
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
30
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice
Principles

• To produce GHG inventories that neither
  overestimate nor underestimate emissions so far
  as can be judged based on the principle of TCCCA,
  namely
• T Transparency
• C Consistency over time
• C Completeness
• C Comparability
• A Accuracy.

30
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
31
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice
Principles

• To use limited resources more efficiently for key
  sources
• To reduce levels of uncertainty
• To improve reporting and documentation
• To apply quality assurance and quality control
  (QA/QC) and improve transparency.

31
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
32
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods

• The GPG 2000
• Identifies potential IP sector key categories
• Provides decision-tree analysis for the selected
  sources
• Describes category-specific good practice methods
  in adapting Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines to
  country-specific circumstances

32
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
33
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods
(cont.)

• Defines tier numbers for alternative names of
  (unnumbered) methods described in the Revised
  1996 IPCC Guidelines
• Provides good practice guidance for various tier
  levels of assessment (Tier 1, 2, 3) for selected
  source categories.

33
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
34
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsPotential Key
Categories

• 2A1 CO2 Emissions from Cement Production
• 2A2 CO2 Emissions from Lime Production
• 2C1 CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel
  Industry
• 2B2 and 2B3 N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and
  Nitric Acid Production
• 2C3 PFCs Emissions from Aluminum Production
• 2C4 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions from
  Magnesium Production
• 2E1 HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture

34
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
35
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsPotential Key
Categories (cont.)

• 2F(1-5) Emissions from Substitutes for Ozone
  Depleting Substances (ODS substitutes for HFCs
  and PFCs used in refrigeration, airconditioning,
  foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosols,
  solvents)
• 2F7 SF6 Emissions from Electrical Equipment
• 2F8 SF6 Emissions from Other Sources of SF6
• 2E3 SF6 Emissions from Production of SF6
• 2F6 PFC, HFC, and SF6 Emissions from
  Semiconductor Manufacturing.

35
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
36
Decision Trees, and Selection Criteria for
Methods and Structured Tier Levels
GPG 2000 Approach and Steps
36
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
37
GPG 2000 Approach and StepsDecision Trees and
Selection Criteria for Methods and Tier Levels
2A1 Cement production CO2 Figure 3.1 p 3.11
2C1 Iron and Steel Production (CO2) Figure 3.2 p 3.21
2B1 and 2B2 Nitric Acid and Adipic Acid (NO2) 2C1 Aluminum production (PFC) Figure 3.4 p 3.32 Figure 3.5 p 3.40
2C Use of SF6 in magnesium production (SF6) Figure 3.6 p 3.49
2E and 2F ODS Substitutes Figure 3.11 p 3.80
37
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
38
38
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
39
39
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
40
40
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
41
GPG 2000 Approach and Steps

• Sample Illustrations of Tier Level Methods in
  Adapting IPCC 1996GL Based on National
  Circumstances

41
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
42
Problems Encountered in Using IPCC 1996GL and GPG
2000, and Recommendations

• The problems encountered in using IPCC 1996GL and
  available GPG options are summarized in this
  section.
• The impact of the problem on inventory
  preparation and practical approaches recommended,
  and/or the GPG Options, are provided in the
  notes.

42
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
43
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory

• Difficulty in disaggregation of country-relevant
  sources into IPCC categories, particularly
  sub-source categories not listed in the Revised
  1996 IPCC Guidelines.
• The mapping technique is a practical approach
  recommended for ease of identification and
  disaggregation of country sources into IPCC
  source categories. The Handbook provides IPCC
  disaggregation and corresponding probable
  national emission sources.

43
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
44
Mapping National Industry Classification with
IPCC Source Categories

• The Handbook presents a sample of mapping
  national source categories and IPCC source
  classification. The table helps to easily
  identify corresponding IPCC source categories for
  each probable national emission source, thus
  facilitating correct disaggregation.

44
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
45
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
InventoryActivity Data Collection and CBI

• Direct reporting of emissions without AD and/or
  EF to national institutions responsible for data
  collection because of confidential business
  information (CBI).
• Impact on inventory preparation
• Reduces transparency and comparability
• Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option
• GPG recommends plant-level verification and
  assessment of the measurement standards and QA/QC
  plan of the industry.

45
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
46
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
InventoryEmissions Estimation Methods and
Reporting

• The reporting of industrial process emissions
  from non-energy use (NEU) of feedstock produced
  in combination with fuel combustion under energy
  sector due to the difficulty in differentiation
  and possible double counting of CO2.
• Direct plant-level measurement and reporting of
  industrial process emissions of CO2 from chemical
  processes or stage processes in combination with
  fuel combustion emissions from energy uses of
  feedstock (e.g. CO2 emissions from CaCO3
  decomposition and metallurgical coke oxidation in
  Solvay process).
• Impact on inventory preparation
• Underestimation of the contribution of IP sector
  to national emissions (e.g. the use of natural
  gas in ammonia production, and coke as reducing
  agent in iron and steel production).
• Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option
• GPG2000 recommends stoichiometric estimation of
  the NEU and subtraction from the energy
  statistics to avoid double counting.

46
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
47
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric
Ratios as EFs

• Where technology-specific or plant-level data are
  not available, EF(default) are based on
  stoichiometric ratios of process reactions.

47
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
48
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
InventoryLack of Emission Factors

• Lack of development of plant-level EFs, which
  leads to the estimation of EFs based on top-down
  ratios calculated as EF Emissions/Aggregate AD.
• Impact on inventory preparation
• EFs estimated based on the aggregate AD is
  basically a IPCC 1996GL IPCC Tier 1 approach. It
  lacks transparency and comparability and the
  method is not considered good practice.
• Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option
• GPG2000 provides good practice based on decision
  tree in applying IPCC 1996GL to various national
  circumstances.

48
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
49
"GPG 2000 Improvements in IP Sector Inventory

• Sample Source Category Estimations
• 2A1 Cement Production
• 2A2 Lime Production
• 2A1 Limestone and Dolomite Use
• 2C1 Iron and Steel
• Reference Table 2 IP Handbook

49
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
50

• Other Specific Problems Encountered in the Use of
  IPCC 1996GL
• Suggested Approaches/Options

50
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
51
Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
InventoryNotation Keys in UNFCCC Reporting
Tables 1 and 2

• Inappropriate use and/or limited use of notation
  keys (NO, NE, NA, IE, NE) in UNFCCC reporting
  Table 1 and Table 2.
• This results in lack of transparency and does not
  address completeness of the inventory coverage.

51
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
52
Completeness and Transparency in Reporting Use
of Notation Keys

• NO (not occurring) for activities or processes
  that do not occur for a particular gas or
  source/sink category within a country.
• NE (not estimated) for existing emissions and
  removals which have not been estimated.
• NA (not applicable) for activities in a given
  source/sink category which do not result in
  emissions or removals of a specific gas.
• IE (included elsewhere) for emissions and
  removals estimated but included elsewhere in the
  inventory (Parties should indicate where the
  emissions or removals have been included).
• C (confidential) for emissions and removals which
  could lead to the disclosure of confidential
  information.

52
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
53
Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
Inventory Activity Data Collection and Reporting

• Production data on large point sources may be
  available in various national institutions in
  data sets that are not easily converted to
  greenhouse gas inventory data.
• Where available, mandatory or voluntary
  plant-level data are reported as total emissions
  without relevant AD and EFs.

53
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
54
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory Lack of Emission Factors

• Mandatory industry reports (e.g. annual
  environmental reports) provide only emissions
  estimates without AD and/or EF.
• Lack of IPCC default EFs due to differences in
  IPCC source and sub-source categories and
  disaggregation of country-relevant sources.

54
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
55
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory Institutional Arrangements

• National institutions and industry associations
  collect and present data in formats not
  appropriate for GHG estimation (because they are
  normally aggregated in data sets relevant for the
  purposes for which they were collected).
• Limited awareness among industry/industry
  associations about opportunities under the
  Convention and therefore lack of motivation to
  develop capacity for reporting GHG inventories.

55
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
56
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory Institutional Arrangements (cont.)

• Lack of institutional arrangements and clarity
  over roles and responsibilities of experts
  carrying out the technical studies.
•  Lack of legal and institutional authority to
  demand data from industry to carry out the
  inventories (reporting is basically voluntary).

56
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
57
Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory Institutional Arrangements (cont.)

• Non-involvement of universities and/or research
  centres in climate change efforts that could
  develop into a more sustainable inventory
  system.
• Lack of mainstreaming of climate change data
  collection by national statistical services and
  industry associations.
•  Lack of QA/QC and uncertainty analysis by data
  collection institutions.

57
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
58
Institutional Arrangement Problems How a country
could benefit from capacity-building

• Establish a national working group of relevant
  stakeholders for plant-level verification and
  peer review of the inventory report.
• Organize a capacity-building seminar for all
  institutions and relevant GHG-contributing
  industries to disseminate the IP inventory data
  sets, to inform about the need for QA/QC and
  plant-specific good practice in developing and
  reporting AD and EFs in greenhouse gas inventory
  data sets.

58
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
59
Institutional Arrangement Problems Recommended
capacity-building (cont.)

• Adapt the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines and GPG
  2000 and develop country- specific workbooks
  documenting methods, AD, EFs to increase
  transparency and preserve institutional memory.
• In a capacity-building workshop, disseminate
  information about the opportunities for emission
  reduction under the Convention and the financing
  mechanisms under the Protocol to encourage
  industry participation.

59
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
60

• Review and Assessment of Activity Data
• and Emission Factors
• Data Status and Options

60
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
61
GPG 2000 Approach and Steps Inventory Quality
Improvement and Uncertainty Reduction

• QA/QC Approach
• GPG 2000 presents a systematic approach to
  default uncertainty estimations for various
  national circumstances based on decision trees.
  For instance, in the case of cement production, a
  detailed approach is provided in Table 3.2, which
  is based on Decision Tree Figure 3.1.

61
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
62

• Thank you!

62
Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories