Team 11 reporting

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Team 11 reporting

• Response to climate change- system approach
• Or
• Landscape systems to adress climate change
• (the group suggested this name at workshop in
  Minnesota 2009).
• Contact persons. UMN Jason Hill
• Bioforsk Lillian Øygarden
• UMB Helen French

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St.meld. nr. 39 (WHITE PAPER) (20082009)
Klimautfordringene landbruket en del av
løsningen Climate challenges- agriculture- part
of the solution
Follow up 2010 Ministry of agriculture and food
Priority to carbon storage in soil Cooperation
to USA and Canada. Minnesota specific
mentioned
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Cooperation UMN- Bioforsk, UMBResponse to
Climate Change- system approach

• Meeting in Minnesota september 2008 Climate
  change- Norwegian cooperation
• Visit to Norway 10- 12 June 2009 and June 2010
• Workshop Minnesota October 2009

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Geographical location of monitoring stations.
Agricultural Environmental Monitoring
Programme- (JOVA)
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Monitoring catchments from the National
Environmental Monitoring programme JOVA
(presented by Johannes Deelstra )
For each field information on Crop Soil
management Fertiliser Manure Yield Pesticides
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Apelsvoll

• Situated by lake Mjøsa
• 260 m above sea level, 120 km north of Oslo
• 46 ha land 34 ha rented, possibility for
  irrigation
• Field trials, both on own land and administrating
  trials in the Extension services (approx. 450
  trials)

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Apelsvoll Field trial (1989- 2009 and continuing
)
Crop production systems Energy crops Fertilising M
easurement of runoff, nutrient losses.
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Halm til biovarme
Bioenergy from crop residues Ragnar
Eltun Bioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
Ragnar Eltun Bioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
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Bioenergy heating system at Apelsvoll

• Yearly heating requirement
• 308 000 kWh
• Straw furnace 500 kW
• Water tank 50 000 L 10 000 L network of pipes
• Straw requirements
• 92 tonn 42 ha 330 round bales
• Stoking
• Normally 3 times a week
• Straw storage facilites are going to be built
• Heating costs 72 øre/kWh

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Research area1 Oslo airport Gardermoen, OSL
De-icing chemicals Kilfrost - planes,
Propyleneglycol CH3-CH(OH)-CH2(OH) Clearway1
- runways, Potassium Formate COOHK
N
Photo OSL
0
1 km
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Response to climate change- system approaches

• Comparative research- based on case studies
  (Norway and Minnesota )
• different working teams can develop cooperation,
  such as
• Effects of climate change on production systems-
  positive and negative effects (identification of
  effects- documentation methods- monitoring)
• Adaptation to changed climate preventing
  unwanted effects, development of new management
  practices (pesticides- plant protection,
  pollution- soil tillage. Positive effects- longer
  growing season- changes cropping area/season,
  possibilities new crops )
• Special focus Greenhouse gases- budget farm
  level- comparison of production system and
  management practices- measures to reduce gas
  emissions . Carbon sequestration.
• Special focus (Winter ) hydrology in
  catchments- runoff pathways- methods
• Special focus- environmental effects- pollution-
  erosion,N,P losses- effects of management
  practices- water quality (soil tillage, crops,
  drainage, )
• Special focus- watershed engineering- extreme
  events- runoff control- dimentioning of pipe
  systems, control with surface runoff
• Project cooperation, research exchange

Focus on working with scenarios, risk assessment,
planning tools, modelling, monitoring systems
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Topics for future collaboration Focus Hydrology
Hydrological pathways as influenced by climate
change ( nutrient losses ,erosion) Separation
of flowpaths Base flow, Drain flow, Surface
flow,separate by isotope analysis Paper compare
flow separation approaches Extreme weather
events for different Norwegian regions using
meteorological network data and the WINDS model
combined with down scaled climate scenarios from
the Meteorological institute What will happen to
groundwater recharge? Effect of scale and
climate change on watershed management
(agriculture, future) Climate change and effect
on drainage design. Urban areas- storm water-
rain gardens Controlled drainage and climate
change and the effect on release of N2O and
phosphorus Ecosystem approach to climate change
issues (hydrology, plants, carbon
sequestration) Decoupling natural and
artificial watersheds
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2010 Applications for joint projects Helen
French Oct 09-application to NRC- NORKLIMA
about new project based on excisting project
cooperation with UMN (Climrunoff). Project
working title Extreme weather in small
catchments, consequences for transport
infrastructure and peri-urban settlements.
Exflood. Funded for period 2010- 2013.
February 2010. Clarence Lehmann,UMB Global
Spotlight Letter of Intent Water in the world-
Equator to the Pole. (UMN, UMB, Bioforsk,
Tanzania). Approved for sending full application,
phase II. Supporting letter from Norwegian
Ministry of Agriculture and food. Not funded
phase II. March 2010. Bioforsk funding. Support
for networking and cooperation with UMN.
September 2010. Application NRC. Better
agronomy to reduce emissions of agricultural
green house gases. Workpackage on drainage
nitrous oxide emissions- involving IMN. Not
funded but will be given another chance ,
resubmitted to other funding possibilities.
Feb2011.Bioforsk funding. Workshop . Hydrology-
drainage- nitrous oxide emissions. UMN. Bioforsk,
Baltic network .  
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Focus Carbon in soils Carbon sequestration
possibilities in agriculture- effect of cropping
systems, soil tillage management, biochar.
Modelling carbon sequestration Comparison
Carbon - research- UMN Norway Metods
charcterization soil organic matter ,
mineralization Peatlands Carbon Fate of
biochar in soil. Lab, plot cale, modelling GHG
gasses management practices Linking carbon-
hydrology 2010. Application to NRC (Sept 09 )
Biochar additions in Norway effects on soil
quality properties and carbon storage potential
in agricultural soils (AGRIchar). UMN participant
in application. Not funded, but new possibilities
for cooperation /application will be searched
for.
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Focus response to climate change. System approach

• Effects of climate change on ecosystems-
  agricultural productions, cultural landscape
  (documentation, methods, monitoring, risk
  planning, recommendations..)
• positive effects
• negative effects
• Adaptation to changed climate
• preventing unwanted effects,
• development of new management practices
  (pesticides- plant protection, pollution- soil
  tillage.
• Positive effects- longer growing season- changes
  cropping area/season, possibilities new crops
• Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture part of the
  solution ? Green house gas emissions
• Need to increase food production- increasing
  population and at same time reduce emissions
• Suggest workshop invite different disciplines
  integrated systems approach. Soil- water-
  plant- landscape.. (linked to another
  conference )
• Focusing on parallell projects, catchment
  comparisons

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Common issues
? Experimental work K(Sw,Temp) Aggregate
stability
? Transport sector Combination of
point/line source over large area Erosion
Maintenance Dimensioning

• Water infiltration and dynamics in soil, winter
  conditions
• Surface run-off, erosion and dimensioning
  guidelines, winter conditions
• Contaminants
• Transport sector de-icing chemicals, road
  contaminants,
• Waste sites, waste water,
• Agricultural contaminants pesticides, nutrients
  (N and P),
• Monitoring techniques
• Subsurface geophysical techniques, groundwater
  logging (tunnel building)
• Surface JOVA (Johannes will say more)
• Modelling activities
• Subsurface SUTRA, Modflow, COMSOL multiphysics
• Surface/water shed LISEM, SWAT,
• Risk tools P-index, GIS-tools, INCA-P/N

? Challenge monitoring during frozen
conditions
? Modelling Realistic boundary conditions
climatescenarios time-resolution Model
comparison Differences in available data?
REV-REA how to determine? Upscaling
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Funding opportunities in Norway
NORKLIMA Project working title Extreme weather
in small catchments, consequences for transport
infrastructure and peri-urban settlements Objectiv
e/goals Suggest measures for site-specific risk
reduction related to extreme weather flooding
along roads, railroads and buildings in
peri-urban areas. Develop tools for improved
land-use management and planning.

• The Norwegian Research council
• Research projects
• Various exchanges options Yggdrasil
• The EU
• Collaborative projects Not fund USA partner
  activities but can be included in advisory
  boards etc.
• Marie Curie scholarships (mainly Europe)
• Fulbright scholarships (north America-Norway)
• Leiv Erikson funds (north America-Norway)
• Ministry of Agriculture.
• Nordic funding options
• Twinned projects funding from Norway and USA

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• 2011 Norwegian Centennial Chair Programme,
  funding possibilities.
• Jason Hill "Norwegian Centennial Travel Awards
  for Faculty", and I would like to apply to return
  to Norway to continue opportunities for research
  collaborations with your group.