????????? : R - OH - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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????????? : R - OH

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Title: ????????? : R - OH


1
????????????????????????????????????????????????
2
????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????? ????? ??????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ????????

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3
????????? R - OH
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4
?????????????????????
  • ?????????

????????????? ?????????
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol
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5
?????????????????????
  • ????IUPAC ????? alcohol ???? alkanol

????????????? ????IUPAC
Methanol
Ethanol
1 propanol
2 - propanol
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6
?????????????????????
????????????? ????IUPAC
1 butanol
2 butanol
3 methyl 1 hexanol
4 methyl 2 - pentanol
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7
?????????????????????
  • 2 chloro 5 methyl 3 - hexanol

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8
????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????? 20?C
    ???????????????????

????????????? ????????(?C) ????????????????? (g/???100 g)
CH3OH 64.6 ??????????
CH3CH2OH 78.2 ??????????
CH3(CH2)2OH 97.2 ??????????
CH3(CH2)3OH 117.7 7.9
CH3(CH2)4OH 137.9 2.3
????????? ???? ????? ???????????????????????????
????????????????
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9
????????????????????????
????????????? ????????(?C) ????????????????? (g/???100 g)
117.7 7.9
108 12.5
82.5 ??????????
????????? ?????????????????????, ??.??.????????
????????????????????????????????
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10
????????????????????????
????????????? ?????????? ????????(?C)
CH3CH3 30 -88.6
CH3OH 32 64.7
CH3CH2CH3 44 -42.1
CH3CH2OH 46 78.0
????????? ?????????????????????, ??.??.????????
????????????????????????????????
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11
????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????(????????????????????????????????)
  • ???????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????????????????

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12
????????????????????????
?????????????
??????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
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13
????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
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14
?????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????(Substitution)
  • ????????????????????????
  • CH3CH2OH Na CH3CH2ONa H2
  • ????????????????????????????
  • CH3CH2CH2OHHBr CH3CH2CH2BrH2O
  • ?????????????????(Elimination)

  • H2O

H2SO4
?
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15
?????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????(Esterification)
  • ???????????????????
  • 2CH3OH 3O2 2CO2 4H2O

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16
???????C2H5OH
  • ????????????????
  • ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????
  • ???????????????????????
  • ???????? 78.3?C
  • ????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????????????

00
17
???????
  • ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????
    ????????????? (grain alcohol)

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18
???????(Ethanol)
??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????
??????(beer) ??????????? 4-6
???(ale) ??????????? 6-8
??????????(wine) ???????? 12-14
??????(wisky) ????????? 40-50
???????(brandy) ???????? 40-50
???(rum) ??????? ????????? 40-50
??????(vodka) ???????? 40-50
??????????????????????????????,??.??.????????
???????? ?.???????????? ?????????????????????
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19
???????CH3OH
  • ??????? ???? ??????????????
  • ????????????????? ?????????????
  • ?????????????????????? ???????? ????????????(wood
    alcohol)
  • ?????????????????????????????

00
20
00
21
?????(Phenol)
  • ?????????? Ar OH
  • ??????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????? ???? ???????????????
    182?C
  • ????????????????? 111?C

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22
?????(Phenol)
  • ?????????????????????

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23
???????????????
Isoeugenol
Eugenol
???????????
?????????
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24
???????????????
Thymol
Vanillin
?????????????
????????(mint)
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25
???????????????
Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT
Butylated hydroxyanisole BHA
(?????????????????????????????????????????????????
)
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26
???????(Ether)
  • ?????????? R O R/
  • ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????

Ethoxyethane
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27
???????(Ether)
????????????? ????IUPAC
methoxyethane
2 propoxypentane
2 chloro 4 ethoxy 2 methylhexane
ethoxybenzene
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28
?????????
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29
?????????
Formaldehyde
Carboxaldehyde group
Aliphatic aldehyde
Aromatic aldehyde
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30
?????
Aliphatic ketone
Carbonyl group
Aromatic ketone
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31
?????????????????????
????????????? ????IUPAC
Ethanal
Propanal
2 - Chloropropanal
Phenylethanal
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32
?????????????????????
3 Bromo 2 - methylbutanal
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33
?????????????????????
4 Bromobenzaldehyde
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34
???????????????????????????
????????????? ???????? (?C) ??????????????? (g/100mL)
HCHO -21 ??????????
CH3CHO 21 ??????????
CH3CH2CHO 49 ??????????
CH3(CH2)2CHO 76 16
CH3(CH2)3CHO 102 7
CH3(CH2)4CHO 131 ????????????????
??????????????????????????????,??.??.????????
???????? ?.????????????
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35
?????
00
36
?????????????????
????????????? ????IUPAC
Propanone (acetone)
2 Pentanone
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone
Cyclohexanone
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37
?????????????????
5 Ethyl 3 - heptanone
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38
?????????????????
2 Methylcyclopentanone
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39
???????????????????????
????????????? ???????? (?C) ??????????????? (g/100mL)
CH3COCH3 56.1 ??????????
CH3COCH2CH3 79.6 26
CH3CO(CH2)2CH3 102 5.5
CH3CO(CH3)3CH3 128 1.6
C6H5COCH3 202 ????????
C6H5COC6H5 306 ????????
??????????????????????????????,??.??.????????
???????? ?.????????????
00
40
????????????????? ?????????????????
????????????? ?????????? ????????(?C)
CH3CH2CH2CH3 58 -0.5
CH3CH2CHO 58 48.0
CH3COCH3 58 56.1
CH3CH2CH2OH 60 97.2
????????? ???? ????? ???????????????????????????
????????????????
00
41
???????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????? ????
    ????????????

00
42
?????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????? 1??????????
  • ?????????????? 2??????????

00
43
?????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????(RMgX)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????/?
    ????

00
44
?????????????????????????
  • ???????? ?????????(Tollens reagent)
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???

00
45
?????????????????????????
  • ???????????????(Fehlings solution)
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????(Benedicts reagent)
    ???????????????????????????????????????????????

00
46
Formaldehyde
  • ????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????????????????
    ??????? ????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????????????????????????? 40
    ?????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????

00
47
Acetone
  • ??????? ???? ????????
  • ????????????? ???????
  • ???????????? ????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????? ????????
  • ????????????????????????????

www.pureenergysystems.com/.../6900069_Acetone/
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