Ecosystems

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Ecosystems

• TAKS ACADEMY

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• 1.How might the interactions of organisms in a
  specific habitat be helped or harmed as a result
  of changes in the ecosystem over time?
• 2.How might the biodiversity of the populations
  in a habitat affect organism interactions?
• 3.What is a microhabitat?
• 4.What is a biome and what abiotic factors
  characterize each biome?
• 5.How might biodiversity within and between
  trophic levels in a habitat affect sustainability
  of an ecosystem?

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Organism? COMMUNITY? POPULATION?
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Organism

• One individual by itself!
• PERIOD NOTHING ELSE

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Organism? COMMUNITY? POPULATION?
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POPULATION

• Group of the SAME organisms living in the SAME
  place

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Organism? COMMUNITY? POPULATION?
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COMMUNITY

• Group of DIFFERENT organisms living in the SAME
  place.

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ALL MAKE UP ECOSYSTEMS
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ECOSYSTEM

• Living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic)
  organisms interacting and living in the same place

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What type of Ecosystem
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WATER ECOSYSTEM

• FRESHWATER- The living organisms and nonliving
  materials of an inland aquatic environment
• OCEAN- The living and nonliving materials that
  cover most of the Earths surface with salt water

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Water Cycle Used in all Ecosystems

• The earth has a limited amount of water.  That
  water keeps going around and around and around
  and around and (well, you get the idea) in what
  we call the "Water Cycle". This cycle is made up
  of a few main parts
• evaporation (and transpiration)
• condensation
• precipitation
• collection

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Water Cycle
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It can be more complex tooBut the idea is
simpleWATER GETS REUSED OVER and OVER!
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LAND ECOSYSTEM

• DEFINITION-Also called biomes, these regions of
  land make up the Earth's surface. All of the
  Earth's surface, with the exception of the ice in
  Antarctica and Greenland, fits into a biome.

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BIOME?

• WHAT IS A BIOME?
• An ecosystem that has similar climates,
  geography, plants, animals, and soil

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Types of BIOMES
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Tundra

• The tundra is the world's coldest and driest
  biome!
• Not a lot of organisms or biodiversity
• Not a lot of plants!
• Short season of growth and reproduction
• Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic
  material

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Tundra Organisms

• Herbivorous mammals lemmings, caribou, arctic
  hares and squirrels

• Carnivorous mammals arctic foxes, wolves, and
  polar bears

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Tundra Organisms

• Migratory birds ravens, snow buntings, falcons,
  loons, ravens, sandpipers, terns, snow birds

• Vegetation lichens, mosses, and dwarfed shrubs

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Tundras have LIVING and NONLIVING parts

• LIVING Also know as BIOTIC
• Biotic Factors Polar Bears, Wolves, Small
  shrubs, ravens, other birds, bacteria

• NONLIVING Also known as ABIOTIC
• Abiotic Factors- Sunlight, temperature, snow
  (precipitation), wind, atmospheric gases.

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Taiga

• The taiga is located near the top of the world,
  just below the tundra
• The winters in the taiga are very cold with only
  snowfall. The summers are warm, rainy, and humid.
  A lot of coniferous trees grow in the taiga.

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CHAPARRAL

• The chaparral biome is found in a little bit of
  most of the continents - the west coast of the
  United States, the west coast of South America,
  the Cape Town area of South Africa, the western
  tip of Australia and the coastal areas of the
  Mediterranean.
• Lay of the land The chaparral biome has many
  different types of terrain. Some examples are
  flat plains, rocky hills and mountain slopes.
• Chaparral is characterized as being very hot and
  dry. As for the temperature, the winter is very
  mild

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Animals Plants Chaparral

• the plants and animals are adapted to these
  conditions. Most of the plants have small, hard
  leaves which hold moisture. Some of these plants
  are poison oak, scrub oak, Yucca Wiple and other
  shrubs, trees and cacti.
• The animals are all mainly grassland and desert
  types adapted to hot, dry weather. A few
  examples coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer,
  alligator lizards, horned toads, praying mantis,
  honey bee and ladybugs.

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Prairie/Grasslands

• Areas that grass that get hot in the summer and
  cold in the winter
• Prairies are located in the inside of North
  America (Illinois)
• windy environment with few trees or shrubs
• moderate precipitation- about like we get

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Organisms that live in Prairies and Grasslands

• Vegetation Grass! And a few trees, and shrubs.

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Organisms that live in Prairies and Grasslands

• Predators/ prey -gazelles, zebras, lions, wolves,
  prairie dogs, jack rabbits, deer, mice, foxes,
  skunks, badgers, blackbirds, quails, sparrows,
  hawks, owls, snakes, grasshoppers, and spiders.

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Thinking Time

• Name some BIOTIC factors in the Grasslands or
  Prairies???
• Name some ABIOTIC factors in the Grasslands of
  Prairies???

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SAVANNAH

• A savanna is a rolling grassland scattered with
  shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found
  between a tropical rainforest and desert biome.
  They are found in a wide band on either side of
  the equator on the edges of tropical rainforests.

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Organisms of the Savannah
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Rainforest

• wet climate- thats why its called a RAINforest!
• home to 2/3s of all the living animal and plant
  species on the planet
• natural rainforest gives off and sucks in large
  amounts of carbon dioxide.
• One-fifth of the world's fresh water is in the
  Amazon Basin.

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Rainforest part of the Carbon Cycle???

• natural rainforest gives off and sucks in large
  amounts of carbon dioxide.
• It taken in because of all the plantsthey take
  in carbon dioxide through photosynthesis..
• It gives off from dead plants and animals, animal
  waste, and organisms breathing it into the
  atmosphere (cellular respiration)

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Carbon Cycle
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Still the carbon cycle
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Even more carbon cycle..
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Guess the carbon cycle doesnt always have to
look the same way.
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Just one more carbon cycle
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Rainforest

• Organisms HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS!! Monkeys,
  Toucans, Butterflies, Vines, Beetles, so many
  more!!
• Get a lot of medicines from plants in
  Rainforest!!! You should thank them!

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Ecological Succession of Rainforest

• Experts estimate that we are losing 137 plant,
  animal and insect species every single day due to
  rainforest deforestation. (Cutting down the
  trees)
• What else could happen??? Cutting down all those
  trees????

Sad Rainforest
Happy Rainforest
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Desert

• Receives very little rain, Deserts are usually
  very, very dry!
• few organisms can exist, Not a lot of plants or
  animals
• Temperature is very hot in the day, cool at night.

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Desert Organisms

• Few large mammals live in deserts because most
  are not able to store enough water and resist the
  heat.
• Animals include small nocturnal (active at night)
  carnivores, animals stay inactive and hidden
  during the hot day and come out to hunt at night.
  
• Roadrunners, lizards, insects, small snakes,
  addax, Gila monster, desert fox, cacti, saguaro,
  and many other plants and animals

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Wetlands

• Wetlands are areas of standing water that have
  aquatic plants.
• Marshes, swamps, and bogs are all considered
  wetlands
• Wetlands are found anywhere shallow bodies of
  water are present.
• Wetlands have the highest species diversity of
  all ecosystems.

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Wetlands Organisms

• Many species of amphibians, reptiles, birds (such
  as ducks and waders), and furbearers can be found
  in the wetlands.
• Plant species include pond lilies, cattails,
  sedges, tamarack, and black spruce

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Wetlands

• Name 3 ABIOTIC things in the wetlands
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Examples sunlight, water, soil, temperature, ect

• Name 3 BIOTIC things in the wetlands
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Examples Lilies, snakes, toads, trees, moss,
  bacteria, ect

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Wetlands Food web

• Name a consumer in the food web
• Name a producer in the food web
• Name decomposer in the food web

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How is the Nitrogen Cycle part of the Wetlands?

• All organisms are part of the nitrogen cyclewe
  eat stuff with nitrogen in it and we release it
  back in to atmosphere
• Producers must convert it 78 of the atmosphere
  is nitrogen but we cant use it that way
• IS THE NITROGEN CYCLE PART OF EVERY BIOME?

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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen cycle again..
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Starting to get the point? Its doesnt all look
the same
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Deciduous ForestDeciduous means "tending to fall
off"

• The deciduous forest has four distinct seasons,
  spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
• As the seasons change, so do the colors of the
  leaves of the deciduous trees.
• located primarily in the eastern half of the
  United States, and some other places.

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Deciduous Forest

• Animals/ Birds American Bald Eagle, American
  Black Bear, Coyote, Duckbill Platypus ,Eastern
  Chipmunk ,European Red Squirrel, White-tailed
  Deer

• Vegetation American Beech ,Carpet Moss, Common
  Lime Guelder Rose, Lady Fern, Northern Arrow wood
  ,Milksap, Mushroom,White Oak

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Message Board Questions

• What Biome is this?
• What is the precipitation like?
• What does the Rainforest produce that we need?
• In what ways is the Rainforest going through
  ecological succession?

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Message Board Questions

• What Biome is this?
• Is it considered dry or wet? Why?
• What is the temperature like?
• Name two organisms that live there?

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Message Board Questions

• What Biome is this?
• Name 3 characteristics of grasslands and
  prairies.
• Name 3 organisms that live in these areas
• What is the temperature like?

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Message Board Questions

• What Biome is this?
• What is the Temperature like in the day? At
  night?
• What are some characteristics of the desert?
• Name 3 organisms that live here.

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Message Board

• What Biome is this?
• What is special about the trees in the deciduous
  forest?
• Name some organisms that live there.

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Message Board Questions

• What is an ecosystem?
• What is a biome?
• What is a population?
• What is a community?

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Message Board Questions

• What is a Decomposer? Give an example of one.
• What is a consumer? Give an example of one
• What is a producer? Give an example of one

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Message Board Questions

• Explain how the carbon cycle works
• Explain how the nitrogen cycle works
• Are the two cycles similar??
• What is the Water Cycles Purpose?
• Does the water have to travel in a certain order?