The State of the ODCM

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The State of the ODCM
2004 RETS/REMP Workshop Jim Key Key Solutions,
Inc. www.keysolutionsinc.com
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Where Are We Now?

• Majority Have Implemented
• GL-98-01
• New 10 CFR 20
• Industry is Doing a Good Job!!
• Demonstrated by REMP Programs
• App I Limits Rarely Challenged

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Current Concerns

• Insufficient Resources
• Disappearing Information
• Misunderstanding of ODCM Purpose
• Miscellaneous Missing Methodologies
• The Ugly ODCM
• Virtual Dose

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Insufficient Resources

• Expertise Being Lost
• Regulators
• Licensee
• Reduction in Staffing
• Regulator
• Licensee
• Seeing High Personnel Turnover
• Reduction in Funding
• Regulator
• Licensee

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Disappearing Information

• Loss of Technical Bases Section of Old RETS

• Loss of Supporting Documents
• Inability to Reproduce ODCM Dose Factors
• Removal of Calculation Details/Parameters to
  Procedures

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Loss of Technical Bases Section of Old RETS

• Per 10 CFR 50.36 Bases Required for Tech Specs
• GL 98-01 Removed RETS to ODCM (No longer part of
  Tech Specs)
• Bases No Longer Required!?!?

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Loss of Technical Bases Section of Old RETS

• Bad Idea
• Bases Contain Information Found Nowhere Else
• Bases for Noble Gas Concentration Limit in
  Liquids
• Guidance for Dose and Dose Rate Calculations
• Rationale for Setpoints
• Etc.

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Establish ODCM Technical Bases Document

• Rather Than Make RETS Technical Bases
  Disappear, Place in ODCM Tech Bases Document
• Document all Revisions/Decisions Related to
  ODCM/REC/REM Programs
• Good Idea for Litigation Defense

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Misunderstanding of ODCM Purpose

• ODCM Is Not
• Tech Spec
• Procedure
• ODCM Is a Different Animal
• Intended To Be Dynamic
• Should Reflect Changes in Environment and Pathways

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Misunderstanding of ODCM Purpose

• ODCM Shall Contain the Methodology and Parameters
  Used in the Calculation of
• Offsite Doses
• Gaseous and Liquid Monitor Setpoints
• These Details Belong in ODCM NOT in Procedures

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Misunderstanding of ODCM Purpose

• NRC Expects Changes to ODCM, REC and REM Programs
  to be Approved at Highest Level
• Danger If Details in Lower Tier Documents
• Changes Take Place Without Sufficient Technical
  (and Political) Consideration

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Missing Miscellaneous Methodologies

• Radwaste Treatment System Operability Dose
  Projections
• New 10 CFR 20 Compliance
• 40 CFR 190 Compliance
• Direct Radiation Dose
• Dose to Member of Public While Onsite
• c/Q and Met Data

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Radwaste Treatment System Operability Requirement

• Based Upon 31 (or 60 or 90) Day Dose Projection
• No Guidance Given on How To Project Dose
• Doses Due to Releases Shall Be Projected in
  Accordance With the Methodology and Parameters in
  the ODCM (NRC NUREGs)
• Is the 31 (or 60 or 90) Day Dose Projection
  Methodology in Your ODCM?

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Determination of Compliance with 10 CFR 20

• New 10 CFR 20 Dose in Terms of TEDE
• Still Required to Report Organ Dose Because Of
• 10 CFR 50, Appendix I
• 40 CFR 190
• Demonstrate Compliance Through
• Appendix I
• 40 CFR 190
• ODCM Needs to Clearly State How 10 CFR 20
  Compliance is Demonstrated

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Determination of Compliance with 40 CFR 190

• Total Dose to Member of Public from Uranium Fuel
  Cycle Sources
• Does Not Distinguish Between Liquid or Gaseous
  Release Pathways

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Determination of Compliance with 40 CFR 190

• Cumulative dose contributions from liquid and
  gaseous effluents shall be determined in
  accordance with the methodology and parameters in
  the ODCM (NRC NUREGs)
• Does Your ODCM Address How Liquid, Noble Gas,
  Iodine-Tritium-Particulate and Direct Radiation
  Doses Will Be Used to Determine Total Dose?

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Determination of Direct Radiation Dose

• Cumulative dose contributions from direct
  radiation shall be determined in accordance
  with the methodology and parameters in the ODCM.
  (NRC NUREGs)
• Does Your ODCM Address How Direct Radiation Dose
  Will Be Determined?

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Dose to Members of the Public Due to Onsite
Activities

• For MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC who may at times be
  within the SITE BOUNDARY (NRC NUREGs)
• Examples of calculation for such MEMBERS OF THE
  PUBLIC, with the appropriate occupancy factors,
  shall be given in the ODCM (NRC NUREGs)

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Dose to Members of the Public Due to Onsite
Activities

• Sample Calculations
• Residence Times
• National Guard (Regulatory Issue Summary 2002-21)

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NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2002-21National
Guard and Other Emergency Responders Located in
the Licensees Controlled Area

• licensees should evaluate the requirements of
  their ODCM and make changes to account for the
  deployment of National Guard troops and State
  police, the duration of their stay, and doses
  received from routine operation of the facility.

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c/Q and Met Data

• Guidance Found in Reg Guides 1.23, 1.111, 1.145
  and NUREG 2919
• No Guidance on How Often to Update c/Q and D/Q
• Should be Reasonably Up-To-Date
• NOT FSAR/UFSAR Values
• Based on Met Data 20-30 Years Old

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c/Q and Met Data

• Historical c/Q Based On
• 1, 2, 3, Years of Met Data
• Worst Case One Year c/Q from Last 2, 3, 5,
  Years
• Rolling Average of Last 2, 3, 5, Years
• ODCM Should Clearly State Philosophy
• What Period of Met Data Used for c/Q
• Rational for Updating ODCM c/Q Values

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The UGLY ODCM

• Difficult to Maintain
• Overly Complex Methodology
• Virtual Dose

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Difficult to Maintain

• Methodologies Not Explicitly Stated in
  Mathematical Form
• Parameters with Potential for Change Scattered
  Throughout ODCM
• Overly Complex Equations
• Poor Quality Diagrams and Maps

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State Methodology in Explicit Mathematical Form

• BAD -
• The allowable release rate is determined by
  substituting 1500 mrem/yr for the dose rate and
  solving for Q-dot

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State Methodology in Explicit Mathematical Form

• GOOD -

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Bad Idea Potentially Changing Numerical Values
Scattered Throughout ODCM
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Place Numerical Parameters with Potential for
Changing in Table
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Put Parameters Into Tables
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Overly Complex Equations
BAD -
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Needed - Simple Equations
GOOD -
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Superscript/Subscript Overload
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Un-Clear Mathematical Equations
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The Humongous Equation
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Avoid Magic Numbers

• Purpose of 2.0 and 0.7 used in these equations
  not defined in ODCM.

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Overly Complex Methodology

• Very Few Real Reasons to Use Reg Guide 1.109
  Equations
• Non-Standard Methodologies (NUREG 0133)
• Stand Out
• Subject To Questioning and Doubt
• Use NUREG 0133
• Keep Setpoint Methodology Clean and Simple

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Ugly Map
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Un-Ugly Map
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Beautific Map
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Calculation of Virtual Dose

• Dose Calculated Based on Non-Existing Pathways
• Overly Conservative Assumptions
• All Dose Received at Site Boundary
• Combining Various Existing Pathways into Single
  Receptor Location

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Calculation of Virtual Dose

• Radioiodine and Particulate Dose to be Determined
  in Unrestricted Area Where
• combination of existing pathways and receptor
  age groups indicates the maximum potential
  exposures.
• (NUREG 0133 5.3.1)

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Calculation of Virtual Dose

• Overly Conservative Calculations OK For
• Demonstration of Compliance
• Bad Idea For
• Dose of Record
• Benchmarking

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Where Are We Going?

• When Do We TEDE?
• Vanishing Pathways
• Emerging Pathways

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When Do We TEDE?

• Currently Calculating Organ (ICRP 2) Doses
• 10 CFR 20 Limits Dose in Terms of Total Effective
  Dose Equivalent (TEDE)
• 10 CFR 50, App I 40 CFR 190 Require Reporting
  in Terms of Organ Dose

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When Do We TEDE?

• Current Licensees
• Continue to Report Organ Dose
• New Licensees
• NRC Will Address Revision to Guidance (Reg
  Guide 1.109/ NUREG 0133)
• Revision Expected to Address TEDE

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Vanishing Pathways

• Many Facilities Initially Sited in Rural Areas
  Where Agricultural Pathways Represented Highest
  Public Dose Potential
• Very Significant Changes in Demographics and Land
  Use
• Agricultural Pathways Disappearing at Many Sites

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Emerging Pathways

• Per App I - Tasked with Assessing Dose to Real
  Individual from Existing Pathways
• With the Disappearance of Agricultural Pathways,
  Other Pathways May Become More Significant
  Contributors to Actual Public
• Ground Plane
• Recreational
• Commercial Food
• ?

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Thats All Folks!