India part II 1500-500bce

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India part II 1500-500bce

• The mixing of Indo-European Aryans with native
  Dravidian Indians

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Indo-Europeans (Aryans)

• Central Asian tribes
• Nomadic people
• Great warriors
• Domesticated the horse
• Early iron workers

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Aryan (Indo European) Migration 1800BCE from
Turkinistan through Kyber pass to India
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Kyber Pass

• Only land route between middle east and India for
  trade and invasion
• Still important today India and Pakistan both
  trying to control it

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Aryan Political System

• Ruled by a king and local rulers
• Many City states
• Brought Horses and advanced weapons to India
  (conquered India)
• duty of the king was the protection of his
  subjects, property, defense and maintenance of
  peace
• culture spreads from the Indus to the Ganges
  River
• Spoke Sanskrit

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Economy Iron Age begins

• Small self-sufficient agricultural communities
• Iron Technology used for
• farm tools
• increased food production (rice)
• Weapons
• Barter system common

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Religion

• Indian gods continue to be worshipped
• Aryans bring new gods and Scriptures called Vedas
• Combine to create Hinduism

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Ayran/Hindu Social Structure

• Social Structure used by Aryans to control native
  Indians since warriors and priests are top
• Brahmins warriors, priests
• Kshatriyas rulers, warriors
• Vaishyas farmers, merchants, artisans
• Sudras laborers
• Dalits (untouchables) unpleasant, polluted
  jobs not directly owned by others.
• Strict segregation among castes.
• All based on the tribal concept of the Ayrans
  that people are NOT equal

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Aryan/Vedic Civilization 1500-500BCE

• Hindu Vedic Philosophy
• oldest written texts in India
• Veda means Knowledge in Sanskrit.
• Vedas inform and guide Hindus like the Bible
  guides Christians and the Koran guides Muslims

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Upanishads literally means sitting in front of

• later Hindu Vedas (often poetic) that teach the
  metaphysical foundations of the Hindu faith
• Hare (ha-ray) Krishnas war poem is the most
  important of the Upanishads

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The Ancient Vedic Hymns

• Rig Veda - Knowledge of Hymns, almost 11,000
  verses
• There is only one truth, only men describe it in
  different ways.
• Ayur Veda - Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000
  verses
• Yajur Veda - Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 verses
• Sama Veda - Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549
  verses
• Upanishads
• Jyotisha Astrology and Astronomy.
• Kalpa Rituals and Legal matters.
• Siksha Phonetics.
• Aitareya Creation of the Universe, Man and
  Evolution.
• Kama Sutra - Knowledge of Love and Sex
• Chandogya Reincarnation, Soul.
• Kaushitaki Karma.
• Kena Austerity, Work, and Restraint.
• Dharnur Veda Science of Archery and War.
• Mundaka Discipline, Faith and warning of
  Ignorance.

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Vedic Age ends with Invasions of Darius and
Alexander
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Alexander