DRUGS

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DRUGS
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(No Transcript)
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Drug Tolerance

• The diminishing effect with regular dose of the
  same dose.

Psychological v. Physical dependence
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Withdrawal
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Rohypnol-A Date Rape Drug

• Characteristics
• 7-10 times more potent than valium
• Produces profound, prolonged sedation, a feeling
  of well-being, and short-term memory loss
• Legally prescribed in England and 26 other
  countries for insomnia and pre-op anesthetic
  not approved in US
• mid-1990s popular as a party drug
• Tasteless, odorless, and colorless.

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Date Rape Use

• Drinks are spiked
• Causes sedation in 15 minutes enhanced by
  alcohol and marijuana
• No memory of sedation period
• Victims dont recall experience making
  prosecution difficult

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Street Use

• Smuggled from Mexico or Colombia
• roofies or roches
• 1 - 2 a pill
• 1996 DEA declared is a Schedule 1 similar to
  heroin 10year prison for smuggling offense
• Up to 20 years for use in rape

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Protection Guidlines

• Dont drink something you dont open
• Dont exchange or share drinks
• Dont accept a drink from a punch bowl
• Dont drink from a container being passed around
• Dont leave your drink unattended
• If someone orders from a bar, accompany the
  person and watch it being poured.

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Depressants slow down body functions.
• Stimulants arouse body functions.
• Hallucinogens distort perceptions or evoke
  sensation without sensory input.

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Depressants

• Alcohol
• Slows down sympathetic nervous system.
• Disrupts memory processing.
• Reduces self-awareness.
• Involved in up to 60 of all crimes.
• The worst drug from a macro perspective out
  there.

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• Alcohol Consumption among College Students
• 81 drank alcohol in the past year men slightly
  less likely to abstain
• Percentage of abstainers and frequent binge
  drinkers increased
• Of those who consume
• 48 say getting drunk is an important reason
• 44 were occasional or frequent binge drinkers (5
  in a row for men, 4 for women)
• Male, white, aged 23 or younger, never married,
  and belonging to fraternities or sorority houses
  had higher binge drinking rates
• Frequent bingers are more likely to miss a class,
  fall behind, forget where they were, get hurt,
  damage property
• Fraternities and sororities constitute the heart
  of the campus alcohol culture
• 66 are binge drinkers

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• Task Force on College Drinking
• 1400 college students die annually from
  alcohol-related unintentional injuries
• 500,000 students are unintentionally injured
  annually
• 600,000 students are assaulted by drinking
  student
• 70,000 are victims of alcohol-related sexual
  assault or date rape
• 400,000 students had unprotected sex and more
  than 100,000 report having been too intoxicated
  to know if they had sex
• 25 report academic consequences of their
  drinking
• 150,000 develop an alcohol-related health problem
  and between 1.2 and 1.5 indicate they tried to
  commit suicide
• 2.1 million drove while under the influence
• 11 report they had damaged property while under
  the influence
• 31 met the criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol
  abuse

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• Of particular interest
• Heavy drinkers frequently drink to the point of
  physical distress
• Problem drinkers not only drink heavily, but also
  experience trouble with authorities as a result
  frequently, problem drinkers dont label their
  own drinking pattern as problematic
• Context-dependent drinkers typically drink in
  social settings rather than at home by themselves
  or with family
• The single best expectancy predictor for heavy
  and context-dependent drinkers was social and
  physical pleasure, whereas the most powerful
  expectancy predictor for problematic drinkers was
  tension reduction

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Depressants

• Barbiturates
• Tranquilizers
• Taken to sleep (but reduce REM sleep).
• Taken with other drugs- you can get a synergistic
  effect.

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Depressants

• Opiates
• Heroin and morphine
• Addition comes fast and the withdrawal symptoms
  are bad

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Stimulants

• Amphetamines (Speed)
• Cocaine
• Crack
• the crash

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Caffeine Is it Harmful?

• Most popular, and most ancient, drugs
• Drug occurs naturally in more than 60 plants and
  trees
• Stimulates neurotransmitters in the CNS
• Temporarily increases heart rate, metabolism, and
  stomach-acid secretion
• Dilates some blood vessels and constricts others
• Wards of drowsiness and increases alertness
• Shortens reaction time but little effect on
  verbal fluency, numerical reasoning, or
  short-term memory

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Can Produce -

• Trembling
• Chronic muscle tension
• Throbbing headaches
• Depression
• Insomnia
• Very little long term effects

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Hallucinogens

• LSD (Acid)
• Can cause PTSD and schizophrenia.
• Geometric patterns

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Hallucinogens

• Marijuana
• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinl)
• Difficult to classify
• Can amplify senses
• Is it addictive?

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(No Transcript)
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LSD

• Drug of choice in mid-1990s
• First acid trip was taken in 1943 by chemist
  Albert Hofmann, the creator of LSD

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Last Friday, April 16, 1943, I was forced to
stop my work in the laboratory in the middle of
the afternoon and to go home, as I was seized by
a particular restlessness associated with a
sensation of mild dizziness. On arriving home, I
lay down and sank into a kind of drunkenness
which was not unpleasant and which was
characterized by extreme activity of imagination.
As I lay in a dazed condition with my eyes
closed there surged upon me an uninterrupted
stream of fantastic images of extraordinary
plasticity and vividness and accompanied by an
intense kaleidoscope-like play of colors.
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Characteristics

• Called acid, sugar, big D, trips, or microdots
• Extremely potent hallucinogen
• Average dose is .5-1.0 micrograms
• Neither physical or psychological dependency, but
  tolerance develops quickly
• Ingestion shows effects in 30 45 minutes and
  lasts for 8 10 hours

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Effects

• Mood and mental set will color experience
• Changes in sensory perception
• Great variations in emotion, including
  depersonalization and detachment
• Vision most affected feeling of perceptual
  sharness, illusions develop as objects seem to
  change shape and color
• Walls and other objects become wavy

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• Bizarre shapes and designs with no basis in
  reality appear
• One sensory experience may translate into another
  red is seen as warm music is seen
• Difficult to distinguish between past, present,
  future

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Reported personal changes

• Early proponents suggested it helped them to
  achieve personal insight
• Enhanced their creative activity
• Timothy Leary described religiouslike
  experiences insight into philosophy, religion,
  and daily life

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Timothy Leary Richard Alpert (Baba Ram Dass)
In 1963, he and Richard Alpert were fired from
their positions at Harvard after which they both
lived at Millbrook for a time. At Milbrook they
continued to work with psychedelics both
therapeutically and recreationally...with the
occasional help of Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac,
William Burroughs, Abbie Hoffman and Aldous
Huxley.
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Near-Death Experiences

• Near-Death Experience
• an altered state of consciousness reported after
  a close brush with death
• often similar to drug-induced hallucinations