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Title: ONCE MORE ABOUT ANOMALIES PHYSICS Vladimir A. Pinchuk


1

ONCE MORE ABOUT ANOMALIES PHYSICS Vladimir
A. Pinchuk
Baltic State Technical University
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
vap_at_vp7550.spb.edu
2
SOME REFERENCES
  • Pintchuk V.A. The nature and energy sources of
    the Ball Lightning// Proceedings of 24th
    International Electric Propulsion Conference,
    IEPC-95-233, Moscow, Russia, September 19-23,
    1995. P. 1-11.
  • Pinchuk V.A. Physical basis of cold fusion and
    prospects of its application as engine power//
    Proceedings of the 3rd International conference
    on new energy systems conversions, Kazan.
    Russia. 1997. September 8-13. P. 189-192.
  • Pinchuk V.A. The phenomenon of Ball Lightning
    and Cold Nuclear Synthesis// Proceedings of the
    2nd International Symposium on energy,
    environment economic, Vol. 2, Kazan, Russia,
    1998. P. 199-213.
  • Pinchuk V.A. The phenomenon of Ball Lightning
    and Cold Synthesis. News of Institutes of Higher
    Education (Power problems). 1999. ? 3-4. P.
    49-64 (only in Russian).
  • Pinchuk V.A. Reality and the nature of cold
    nuclear synthesis are justified by the ball
    lightning existence// Proceedings of the 4th
    International conference on new energy systems
    conversions, Osaka. Japan. Osaka Univ., 1999.
    P. 361-368.
  • Pinchuk V.A The nature of cold nuclear synthesis
    and problems of ensuring its application
    prospects in space technology// All-Russian
    electro-technical congress with international
    participation On centuries boundary results and
    trends (WELC-99). Theses. Vol. 3. Moscow.
    Russia. 1999. P. 730-732.
  • V.A. Pinchuk. The common techniques features and
    prospects of cold nuclear synthesis assimilation
    to needs of power engineering// Proceedings of
    the 5th International conference on new energy
    systems conversions. Shanghai. P.R. China.
    2001. P. 369-374.
  • Pinchuk V.A. The cold nuclear synthesis as
    energy source the physical nature and practical
    assimilation ways // The International
    Conference Space challenge in 21st century
    Russia, Moscow-Kaluga. September 15-19, 2003
    Extended abstracts Moscow. Russia. 2003. P.
    98-99 (only in Russian)

3
Common state of nuclear synthesis problem
  • As for now, no practical using methods of nuclear
    synthesis energy exist. Traditionally untwisted
    ways of searching for methods to solve this
    problem are oriented as a whole onto elaboration
    of technologies for production and following
    keeping (over time period enough for reaction
    completion) of material formations with
    temperatures T108-109 K, that are both the most
    favourable for different plasma instabilities
    evolution and so difficult for realization. The
    pessimism in assessments of real possibilities to
    solve the nuclear synthesis problem by this way,
    being sensed at the last time, is best to
    characterize
  • the ones common prospects.

4
Cold nuclear synthesis problem
  • The experimental realizations of cold nuclear
    synthesis are known. The ones are characterized
    however by too low (under practical power
    viewpoint) densities of given out energy. As it
    takes place, a possibility to increase CNS
    power-output up to now has not been elucidated
    yet, first of all because of both the principal
    troubles to interpret the nature of CNS and to
    specify necessary conditions to realize the one
    (the satisfactory interpretation of CNS
    observations within the generally accepted
    physical concepts is presented impossible).
  • The problem of CNS nature substantiation is so
    especially significant.

5
The Attack Method
  • Assessing prospects for views formulation of CNS
    nature first of all the attention was paid to the
    presence in the reaction zone of uncompensated
    electric charge (excess).
  • The hypothesis has been proposed that the
    observed CNS realizations could be substantiated
    .
  • . by existing of traditionally not accounted
    (earlier unknown) peculiarity of internal energy
    equilibrium conditions - IEEC (between energy
    states of different nature) that manifests itself
    in medium formations with uncompensated electric
    charge and are responsible for CNS realization in
    that number1
  • 1 Lets point out that within of the
    traditional (and predominant up to present) views
    the inner energy equilibrium conditions dont
    depend on whether uncompensated electric charge
    is kept or is not kept in the medium composition.

6
THE FIRST STEPS
  • The trustworthiness of the being formulated
    hypothesis was being estimated without respect to
    mechanism of AQN-formations origin (as being of
    ones own scientific interest). The consideration
    was being done within the framework of
    thermodynamic method. When it was done the medium
    was considered as thermodynamically opened system
    with variable number of particles and
    corresponding to three-liquid plasma model.
  • The ionization degree
  • and relative content of the uncompensated
    electronic component
  • were used as the state parameters.

7
It was exposed so that the internal ionizing
equilibrium conditions of AQN-formation are
determined by the equation


that, with neglect of a negligibly small
components, can be brought to anyone from


8
Here V ionization potential O -
the potential of the space, the value of which
can be estimate as the minimum work done by the
external influence on charge injection into the
AQN-formations volume
  • General character of internal the energy
    equilibrium conditions (IEEC)
  • In an analogous way the general character of the
    internal energy equilibrium conditions are
    revealed
  • For the reaction of type ABltgtAB


activation energy of the association reaction
9
COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES
  • The relationships correspond to the content of
    operating masses law and really display early
    unknown peculiarities, manifesting essentially by
    added term
  • in the exponent index

10
COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES..
  • In context of the revealed IEEC it turns out
    that among other things the such a parameter as
    traditionally evaluated temperature T being
    applied to localized formations with
    uncompensated charge (aquasi-neutral or AQN
    formations) directly determines the equilibrium
    populations only of mechanical energy states.

11
COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES..
  • If within the limits of traditional approaches
  • and with regard to IEEC - the
    excitation temperature of chemical bonds and
    electron energy states of level of
    AQN-medium, then its relationship with -
    the excitation temperature of mechanical
    (translational, oscillatory and rotational)
    energy states (below referred as translational)
    is determined by

12
COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES.
  • In other words, as it was supposed according IEEC
    the injection of excess charge into the medium
    really causes deformation of the energy state
    population distribution function to the form
  • when
  • ( ) if
    .
  • Or even
  • under .

13
Significant remark
  • An AQN-foundation is thermodynamically opened
    system that is characterized first of all with
    being essentially disturbed ones equilibrium.

14
That is .the revealed IEEC
  • must be considered first of all no as postulate
    directly giving proof of AQN-foundation
    characteristics
  • but, rather, only as the restrictions complex
    that substantiates both a common character and
    exciting necessity of relaxation in AQN-medium
    (right away since origin moment) towards
    equilibrium taking into account of surplus
    electric charge presence in the ones
    composition.

15
IEEC as Basis to substantiated CNS
  • As applied to the target directionality of the
    work, the revealed peculiarities (regularities)
    of equilibrium conditions are so primarily
    interest as the restrictions complex onto both
    the compound and the specificity of relaxation
    processes of AQN-formations being formed by
    external actions.

16
  • The revealed peculiarities (regularities), in
    this connection, are evidence above all for the
    existence of traditionally not be taken into
    account earlier (unknown) channel of control over
    material media states wherein electric charge
    plays the role of controlling actions factor upon
    the medium (charge-up control channel).
  • We should particularly concentrate our
    attention on the fact that approaching of
    AQN-systems towards the internal energy
    equilibrium conditions according to IEEC is
    realizing
  • in up to down direction.

17
Importance of the noted becomes more apparent
when it is taken into account,
  • that the realization probability of one or
    another reaction type (including the CNS reaction
    itself) in every particular moment of time at the
    stage of the system relaxation to the new
    quasi-stationary state (due to the changes of
    internal equilibrium conditions caused by the
    injection of excess electric charge by external
    factors) may be estimated according to the
    equation
  • i.e. as the difference between the excitation
    temperature of the corresponding to the
    relaxation reaction energy level and the
    translational temperature related to the
    excitation temperature itself.

18
In other words, if the AQN-formations is
realized in the medium with low temperatures then
initial levels of necessary
stretch over negative region and then, in the
course of relaxation, undergo discontinuity of
the type ( ).
If electronic shell and nuclear in totality to
consider as united, being energetically balanced
system, that the last can be interpreted as an
indirect indication onto development possibility
under the relaxation an instability of the
AQN-mediums atom-molecular structure the
CNS-realization conditions in that number.
19
It is important to note that control actions
onto medium by the charge factor in common are
realized under conditions of charge
instabilities, being excited, for example, by
acoustic or electrical influences upon medium.
  • Call attention to the fact that in these
    conditions not only positive but and negative
    activation energy correction factors (
    ) are being formed.
  • Under this conditions the population of electron
    energy states corresponding to standard
    distribution becomes re-exciting one.
  • Being sprang up so misbalance over the
    populations distribution must be suppressed by
    energy (electrons) flow from out shell of medium.
    The one substantiates the phenomenon of k - or
    e - capture (corresponding to arising of neutrons
    and within framework of the common dynamic circle
    AQN-systems formation).
  • So it is substantiated at the present that
    phenomenon of k- or e-capture is needed step of
    conditions forming for cold nuclear synthesis
    realization1).
  • 1) S. V. Tsivinski. About principally new
    possibility to realize nuclear synthesis of
    deuterium, tritium and helium from hydrogen
    atoms. Vestnik of Russian Academia of Natural
    Sciences. Physics. N3. 2002. P. 43-45. (only in
    Russian).

20
So..
  • The revealed conditions of internal energy
    equilibrium substantiate an existence of
    traditionally not accounted (earlier unknown)
    control channel over material media states
  • (charge-up control channel)
  • where the electric charge plays a role of
    controlling influences factor.
  • Of the one, which testifies to real prospects of
    searching for ways of
  • CNS assimilation 1.
  • However common peculiarities of the channel using
    (and as applied to assimilation CNS problem in
    that number) up to now is not cleared yet.
  • 1 The marked bears essentially witness to the
    possibilities of charge-up channel using for
    exiting of wide reactions spectrum with high
    levels of potential activation barrier (the
    nuclear synthesis reactions in that number) in
    media with differences of both compound and phase
    state.

21
Introduce clarity into conditions of charge-up
control channel using..
  • To give a more precise definition about needed
    conditions for effective using of charge-up
    control channel, the plasmas quasi-equilibrium
    parameters (in both quasi- and aquai-neutral
    states, all others things being equal) were being
    estimated.
  • The estimation was being done as applied to
    conditions in channel of Halls MGD Generator

22
The results were being analyzed under assumption
that
  • Hall MGDG SCHEME
  • the high performance of charge-up channel using
    can be principally ensured only in the
    temperatures range where, depending on there is
    or there isnt uncompensated charge in the media
    composition, differences between estimations of
    medias quasi-equilibrium ionization
    characteristics are revealed.

23
It is determined in this connection
  • that significant differences of quasi-equilibrium
    ionization parameters of AQN formations relative
    to its analogues but of quasi-neutral medium are
    principally revealed only in field of relative
    low temperatures.

24
In other words
  • the possibilities to use the charge-up channel
    for efficient controlling over material media
    states are realized only inside the range of
    relatively low temperatures.
  • Being revealed so limitations carry a principal
    character and, in the framework of the developed
    views, can be considered as one of the
    significant peculiarities of ways searching of
    cold nuclear assimilation as a whole.

25
In addition the real perspectives to make more
exact, on basis of the revealed regularity, the
views of some different key, but up to now not
solved yet, physics problems were being
estimated.
  • The Ball Lightning
  • Some aspects of Burning theory
  • Energy feeding mechanism Substantiation of high
    frequency instability (HFI) in chambers of heat
    engines
  • were being examined
  • in that number

26
As for


Ball Lightning,
  • In common
  • BLs sphericity
  • Radiation capacity
  • Energy feeding source
  • BLs accumulation channels and resources of
    energy
  • Multi-facing problem
  • are substantiated
  • in this fashion

27
The needed numerical estimations
  • to substantiate
  • BLs sphericity
  • had been received

28
BLs radiation capacitywas confirmed
29
It was substantiated so that the environment
is BLs energy feeding source
30
Accumulation channels and resources of BLs
energy are revealed so
31
It was substantiated that BLs energy resources
is worthwhile to carry out each among components
  • radiation flow
  • energy, accumulated by BL as capasitor
  • - the energy, accumulated by the BL-medium due to
    the distribution function deformation of chemical
    bonds and electron energy states populatons.

32
Energy feding mechanisms
  • Convection heat exchange
  • Mass exchange mechanism.
  • Multi- facing problem
  • It would be prudent to wait that the
    quasi-stationary characteristics of BL will be
    different depending of whether one or other from
    the constituents is predominant in energy
    transfer mechanism from environment to the BL

33
Bls energy resours multi-facing
Convection heat exchange
Mass exchange mechanism
34
In the framework of burning mechanism
  • It is substantiated that account of revealed
    inner energy equilibrium conditions opens really
    new possibilities for ideas deepening about both
    exothermic reactions excitation mechanism on
    burning and ensuring conditions of burning
    process steadiness as a whole.

35
High frequency instability (HFI) in chambers of
heat engine up to now has not received needed
comprehension yet (energy feeding mechanism
especially)
  • Attention was drawn to he fact that HFI is
    accompanied with progress of instabilities in
    charge distribution over volume displaying first
    of all by forming in burning product medium of
    macroscopic formations with surplus electric
    charge
  • Pinchuk V.A. Low-Temperature Plasma to
    External Acoustic Distturbances Journal of
    Engineering Physics Thermodynamics (JEPTER). Vol.
    67. N. 1-2. 1994. P. 781-784

36
It is felt that relaxation in connection with
natural reduction of reactions activation
barrier will be accompanied by intensification in
the AQN-formations medium of wide spectrum of
endothermic reactions and, first of all, of
dissociation reactions (for example H2OltgtHOH
and/or CO2 ltgtcoO)Natural increase of local
levels of both molar concentrations and mediums
pressure will ensure, in that case, steady
forming of positive reverse connection being
directed onto intensification of initial
inner-chamber instabilities.
   
37
Energy feeding Scheme of inner chambers HFI
     
High Frequence Instability
Charge Instabilities
Relaxation Processes
38
CONCLUSION
  • Traditionally not accounted regularity (IEEC)
    establishing dependence of inner energy
    equilibrium conditions (between energy states
    with different physical nature) on presence or
    absence in media composition of surplus electric
    charge has been confirmed
  • The role of IEEC as a physics basis of anomalies
    row of natural and/or artificial origin has been
    substantiated
  • The fundamental character of IEEC and expediency
    to take into account the one when solving of wide
    row of sciences and applied problems has been
    displayed
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