Title: ONCE MORE ABOUT ANOMALIES PHYSICS Vladimir A. Pinchuk
1 ONCE MORE ABOUT ANOMALIES PHYSICS Vladimir
A. Pinchuk
Baltic State Technical University
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
vap_at_vp7550.spb.edu
2SOME REFERENCES
- Pintchuk V.A. The nature and energy sources of
the Ball Lightning// Proceedings of 24th
International Electric Propulsion Conference,
IEPC-95-233, Moscow, Russia, September 19-23,
1995. P. 1-11. - Pinchuk V.A. Physical basis of cold fusion and
prospects of its application as engine power//
Proceedings of the 3rd International conference
on new energy systems conversions, Kazan.
Russia. 1997. September 8-13. P. 189-192. - Pinchuk V.A. The phenomenon of Ball Lightning
and Cold Nuclear Synthesis// Proceedings of the
2nd International Symposium on energy,
environment economic, Vol. 2, Kazan, Russia,
1998. P. 199-213. - Pinchuk V.A. The phenomenon of Ball Lightning
and Cold Synthesis. News of Institutes of Higher
Education (Power problems). 1999. ? 3-4. P.
49-64 (only in Russian). - Pinchuk V.A. Reality and the nature of cold
nuclear synthesis are justified by the ball
lightning existence// Proceedings of the 4th
International conference on new energy systems
conversions, Osaka. Japan. Osaka Univ., 1999.
P. 361-368. - Pinchuk V.A The nature of cold nuclear synthesis
and problems of ensuring its application
prospects in space technology// All-Russian
electro-technical congress with international
participation On centuries boundary results and
trends (WELC-99). Theses. Vol. 3. Moscow.
Russia. 1999. P. 730-732. - V.A. Pinchuk. The common techniques features and
prospects of cold nuclear synthesis assimilation
to needs of power engineering// Proceedings of
the 5th International conference on new energy
systems conversions. Shanghai. P.R. China.
2001. P. 369-374. - Pinchuk V.A. The cold nuclear synthesis as
energy source the physical nature and practical
assimilation ways // The International
Conference Space challenge in 21st century
Russia, Moscow-Kaluga. September 15-19, 2003
Extended abstracts Moscow. Russia. 2003. P.
98-99 (only in Russian)
3Common state of nuclear synthesis problem
- As for now, no practical using methods of nuclear
synthesis energy exist. Traditionally untwisted
ways of searching for methods to solve this
problem are oriented as a whole onto elaboration
of technologies for production and following
keeping (over time period enough for reaction
completion) of material formations with
temperatures T108-109 K, that are both the most
favourable for different plasma instabilities
evolution and so difficult for realization. The
pessimism in assessments of real possibilities to
solve the nuclear synthesis problem by this way,
being sensed at the last time, is best to
characterize - the ones common prospects.
4Cold nuclear synthesis problem
- The experimental realizations of cold nuclear
synthesis are known. The ones are characterized
however by too low (under practical power
viewpoint) densities of given out energy. As it
takes place, a possibility to increase CNS
power-output up to now has not been elucidated
yet, first of all because of both the principal
troubles to interpret the nature of CNS and to
specify necessary conditions to realize the one
(the satisfactory interpretation of CNS
observations within the generally accepted
physical concepts is presented impossible). - The problem of CNS nature substantiation is so
especially significant.
5The Attack Method
- Assessing prospects for views formulation of CNS
nature first of all the attention was paid to the
presence in the reaction zone of uncompensated
electric charge (excess). - The hypothesis has been proposed that the
observed CNS realizations could be substantiated
. - . by existing of traditionally not accounted
(earlier unknown) peculiarity of internal energy
equilibrium conditions - IEEC (between energy
states of different nature) that manifests itself
in medium formations with uncompensated electric
charge and are responsible for CNS realization in
that number1 - 1 Lets point out that within of the
traditional (and predominant up to present) views
the inner energy equilibrium conditions dont
depend on whether uncompensated electric charge
is kept or is not kept in the medium composition.
6THE FIRST STEPS
- The trustworthiness of the being formulated
hypothesis was being estimated without respect to
mechanism of AQN-formations origin (as being of
ones own scientific interest). The consideration
was being done within the framework of
thermodynamic method. When it was done the medium
was considered as thermodynamically opened system
with variable number of particles and
corresponding to three-liquid plasma model. - The ionization degree
-
- and relative content of the uncompensated
electronic component -
- were used as the state parameters.
7It was exposed so that the internal ionizing
equilibrium conditions of AQN-formation are
determined by the equation
that, with neglect of a negligibly small
components, can be brought to anyone from
8Here V ionization potential O -
the potential of the space, the value of which
can be estimate as the minimum work done by the
external influence on charge injection into the
AQN-formations volume
- General character of internal the energy
equilibrium conditions (IEEC) - In an analogous way the general character of the
internal energy equilibrium conditions are
revealed - For the reaction of type ABltgtAB
activation energy of the association reaction
9COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES
- The relationships correspond to the content of
operating masses law and really display early
unknown peculiarities, manifesting essentially by
added term -
- in the exponent index
10COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES..
- In context of the revealed IEEC it turns out
that among other things the such a parameter as
traditionally evaluated temperature T being
applied to localized formations with
uncompensated charge (aquasi-neutral or AQN
formations) directly determines the equilibrium
populations only of mechanical energy states.
11COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES..
- If within the limits of traditional approaches
- and with regard to IEEC - the
excitation temperature of chemical bonds and
electron energy states of level of
AQN-medium, then its relationship with -
the excitation temperature of mechanical
(translational, oscillatory and rotational)
energy states (below referred as translational)
is determined by
12COMMON IEEC PECULIARITIES.
- In other words, as it was supposed according IEEC
the injection of excess charge into the medium
really causes deformation of the energy state
population distribution function to the form - when
- ( ) if
. - Or even
- under .
13Significant remark
- An AQN-foundation is thermodynamically opened
system that is characterized first of all with
being essentially disturbed ones equilibrium.
14That is .the revealed IEEC
- must be considered first of all no as postulate
directly giving proof of AQN-foundation
characteristics - but, rather, only as the restrictions complex
that substantiates both a common character and
exciting necessity of relaxation in AQN-medium
(right away since origin moment) towards
equilibrium taking into account of surplus
electric charge presence in the ones
composition.
15IEEC as Basis to substantiated CNS
- As applied to the target directionality of the
work, the revealed peculiarities (regularities)
of equilibrium conditions are so primarily
interest as the restrictions complex onto both
the compound and the specificity of relaxation
processes of AQN-formations being formed by
external actions.
16- The revealed peculiarities (regularities), in
this connection, are evidence above all for the
existence of traditionally not be taken into
account earlier (unknown) channel of control over
material media states wherein electric charge
plays the role of controlling actions factor upon
the medium (charge-up control channel). - We should particularly concentrate our
attention on the fact that approaching of
AQN-systems towards the internal energy
equilibrium conditions according to IEEC is
realizing - in up to down direction.
17Importance of the noted becomes more apparent
when it is taken into account,
- that the realization probability of one or
another reaction type (including the CNS reaction
itself) in every particular moment of time at the
stage of the system relaxation to the new
quasi-stationary state (due to the changes of
internal equilibrium conditions caused by the
injection of excess electric charge by external
factors) may be estimated according to the
equation - i.e. as the difference between the excitation
temperature of the corresponding to the
relaxation reaction energy level and the
translational temperature related to the
excitation temperature itself.
18In other words, if the AQN-formations is
realized in the medium with low temperatures then
initial levels of necessary
stretch over negative region and then, in the
course of relaxation, undergo discontinuity of
the type ( ).
If electronic shell and nuclear in totality to
consider as united, being energetically balanced
system, that the last can be interpreted as an
indirect indication onto development possibility
under the relaxation an instability of the
AQN-mediums atom-molecular structure the
CNS-realization conditions in that number.
19It is important to note that control actions
onto medium by the charge factor in common are
realized under conditions of charge
instabilities, being excited, for example, by
acoustic or electrical influences upon medium.
- Call attention to the fact that in these
conditions not only positive but and negative
activation energy correction factors (
) are being formed. - Under this conditions the population of electron
energy states corresponding to standard
distribution becomes re-exciting one. - Being sprang up so misbalance over the
populations distribution must be suppressed by
energy (electrons) flow from out shell of medium.
The one substantiates the phenomenon of k - or
e - capture (corresponding to arising of neutrons
and within framework of the common dynamic circle
AQN-systems formation). - So it is substantiated at the present that
phenomenon of k- or e-capture is needed step of
conditions forming for cold nuclear synthesis
realization1). - 1) S. V. Tsivinski. About principally new
possibility to realize nuclear synthesis of
deuterium, tritium and helium from hydrogen
atoms. Vestnik of Russian Academia of Natural
Sciences. Physics. N3. 2002. P. 43-45. (only in
Russian).
20So..
- The revealed conditions of internal energy
equilibrium substantiate an existence of
traditionally not accounted (earlier unknown)
control channel over material media states - (charge-up control channel)
- where the electric charge plays a role of
controlling influences factor. - Of the one, which testifies to real prospects of
searching for ways of - CNS assimilation 1.
- However common peculiarities of the channel using
(and as applied to assimilation CNS problem in
that number) up to now is not cleared yet. - 1 The marked bears essentially witness to the
possibilities of charge-up channel using for
exiting of wide reactions spectrum with high
levels of potential activation barrier (the
nuclear synthesis reactions in that number) in
media with differences of both compound and phase
state.
21Introduce clarity into conditions of charge-up
control channel using..
- To give a more precise definition about needed
conditions for effective using of charge-up
control channel, the plasmas quasi-equilibrium
parameters (in both quasi- and aquai-neutral
states, all others things being equal) were being
estimated. - The estimation was being done as applied to
conditions in channel of Halls MGD Generator
22The results were being analyzed under assumption
that
- Hall MGDG SCHEME
- the high performance of charge-up channel using
can be principally ensured only in the
temperatures range where, depending on there is
or there isnt uncompensated charge in the media
composition, differences between estimations of
medias quasi-equilibrium ionization
characteristics are revealed.
23It is determined in this connection
- that significant differences of quasi-equilibrium
ionization parameters of AQN formations relative
to its analogues but of quasi-neutral medium are
principally revealed only in field of relative
low temperatures.
24In other words
- the possibilities to use the charge-up channel
for efficient controlling over material media
states are realized only inside the range of
relatively low temperatures. - Being revealed so limitations carry a principal
character and, in the framework of the developed
views, can be considered as one of the
significant peculiarities of ways searching of
cold nuclear assimilation as a whole.
25In addition the real perspectives to make more
exact, on basis of the revealed regularity, the
views of some different key, but up to now not
solved yet, physics problems were being
estimated.
- The Ball Lightning
- Some aspects of Burning theory
- Energy feeding mechanism Substantiation of high
frequency instability (HFI) in chambers of heat
engines - were being examined
- in that number
26As for
Ball Lightning,
- In common
- BLs sphericity
- Radiation capacity
- Energy feeding source
- BLs accumulation channels and resources of
energy - Multi-facing problem
- are substantiated
- in this fashion
27The needed numerical estimations
- to substantiate
- BLs sphericity
- had been received
28BLs radiation capacitywas confirmed
29It was substantiated so that the environment
is BLs energy feeding source
30Accumulation channels and resources of BLs
energy are revealed so
31It was substantiated that BLs energy resources
is worthwhile to carry out each among components
- radiation flow
- energy, accumulated by BL as capasitor
- - the energy, accumulated by the BL-medium due to
the distribution function deformation of chemical
bonds and electron energy states populatons.
32Energy feding mechanisms
- Convection heat exchange
- Mass exchange mechanism.
- Multi- facing problem
- It would be prudent to wait that the
quasi-stationary characteristics of BL will be
different depending of whether one or other from
the constituents is predominant in energy
transfer mechanism from environment to the BL
33Bls energy resours multi-facing
Convection heat exchange
Mass exchange mechanism
34In the framework of burning mechanism
- It is substantiated that account of revealed
inner energy equilibrium conditions opens really
new possibilities for ideas deepening about both
exothermic reactions excitation mechanism on
burning and ensuring conditions of burning
process steadiness as a whole.
35High frequency instability (HFI) in chambers of
heat engine up to now has not received needed
comprehension yet (energy feeding mechanism
especially)
- Attention was drawn to he fact that HFI is
accompanied with progress of instabilities in
charge distribution over volume displaying first
of all by forming in burning product medium of
macroscopic formations with surplus electric
charge - Pinchuk V.A. Low-Temperature Plasma to
External Acoustic Distturbances Journal of
Engineering Physics Thermodynamics (JEPTER). Vol.
67. N. 1-2. 1994. P. 781-784
36It is felt that relaxation in connection with
natural reduction of reactions activation
barrier will be accompanied by intensification in
the AQN-formations medium of wide spectrum of
endothermic reactions and, first of all, of
dissociation reactions (for example H2OltgtHOH
and/or CO2 ltgtcoO)Natural increase of local
levels of both molar concentrations and mediums
pressure will ensure, in that case, steady
forming of positive reverse connection being
directed onto intensification of initial
inner-chamber instabilities.
37Energy feeding Scheme of inner chambers HFI
High Frequence Instability
Charge Instabilities
Relaxation Processes
38CONCLUSION
- Traditionally not accounted regularity (IEEC)
establishing dependence of inner energy
equilibrium conditions (between energy states
with different physical nature) on presence or
absence in media composition of surplus electric
charge has been confirmed - The role of IEEC as a physics basis of anomalies
row of natural and/or artificial origin has been
substantiated - The fundamental character of IEEC and expediency
to take into account the one when solving of wide
row of sciences and applied problems has been
displayed