8.1.

1
8.1. WordNet. ???????? ???????
2
WordNet

• ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????
• ????????????? ???? ??????? (synset)
• ?????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ??????????
  ????????
• ????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????
  ???? ???????????????????? ???????????
• ????? George Miller (50-e ???? ??????
  ?????????? ????? 7)
• ?????? 1.6 95 ????? ???????, ????? 130 ?????
  ????

3
???????

• ?????? (????? ?????????) ??????? ??????? gt
  ???????
• ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????
• ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????
• ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???????

4
WordNet ?????? ???????? ????????

• The noun forest has 2 senses (first 2 from
  tagged texts)
• 1. forest, wood, woods -- (the trees and other
  plants in a large densely wooded area)
• 2. forest, woodland, timberland, timber -- (land
  that is covered with trees and shrubs)
• The verb forest has 1 sense (no senses from
  tagged texts)
• 1. afforest, forest -- (establish a forest on
  previously unforested land "afforest the
  mountains")

5
??????????? ???????? - 1

• ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????
• ????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????
  ????????
• ???????? ?????? ????? ????????, ????????
  ????????
• ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????????

6
??????????? ???????? - 2

• ????????? ??????? ?????????
• ????? - ????????? (???) ??? ?????
• ???? ??????? (???) ??? ?????
• ??????????? ????????? Is_a is_a_ kind_of
• ?????????????? ?????????

7
??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????

• ????? ??????? ????????????? ??
• ????????????? ??????
• ??????????, ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????
• ? WordNet ???????? ????????? ???????

8
?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????

• ?????????? 1. ????? ?????????? ? ????????????
  ?????????. ?????????? ???????
• ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????, ???????? ?
  ???????????. ??????????????? ????????.
  ??????????????? ???.
• ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ?
  ????, ???????? ?????. ??????????? ???????.
• ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????,
  ??????. ??????????????? ?????

9
WordNet ???????? ???????????

• 1. forest, wood, woods
• gt vegetation, flora --
• gt collection, aggregation,
  accumulation, assemblage
• gt group, grouping
• 2. forest, woodland, timberland, timber
• gt land, dry land, earth, ground,
  solid ground, terra firma
• gt object, physical object
• gt entity, something

10
WordNet ????????

• 1. forest, wood, woods --
• gt grove -- (a small growth of trees
  without underbrush)
• gt old growth, virgin forest -- (forest or
  woodland having a mature or overmature
  ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by
  human activity)
• gt second growth -- (a second growth of
  trees covering an area where the
  original stand was destroyed by fire or cutting)
• 2. forest, woodland, timberland, timber gt
  Black Forest, Schwarzwald -- (a hilly forest
  region in southwestern Germany)
• gt greenwood -- (woodlands in full leaf)
• gt jungle -- (an impenetrable equatorial
  forest)
• gt rain forest, tropical rain forest -- (a
  tropical forest with heavy annual
  rainfall)
• gt riparian forest -- (woodlands along the
  banks of stream or river)
• gt Sherwood Forest -- (an ancient forest
  in central England) gt silva, sylva -- (the
  forest trees growing in a country or region)

11
??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????

• act, activity, animal, fauna,
• artifact, attribute,
• body, cognition, knowledge,
• communication, event, happening,
• feeling, emotions, food,
• group, grouping, location,
• motivation, motive, natural phenomenon,
• person, human being plant, flora,
• possession, process,
• quantity, amount, relation,
• shape, substance, time

12
????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? (thing,
entity)

• (living thing, organism)
• (plant, flora)
• (animal, fauna)
• (person, human being)
• (non-living thing, object)
• Natural object --body
• Artifact
• Substance - food

13
??????? ??????? - 2

• Phenomenon
• Natural phenomenon
• process
• (psychological feature)
• (Cognition, knowledge)
• (Mental object)
• (motivation, motive)
• feeling

14
??????? ??????? -3

• Abstraction
• (quantity, amount)
• Relation - communication
• Time
• Attribute
• Activity
• Event
• Group
• Possession

15
???????????????????? ?????????????

• ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????
• ????????? ???????? ???????????
• 1969 ???????????
• ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ???
  ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????
• ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????

16
?????? ??????????

• ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????, ???????, ???
  ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
• ????? ????? ???????? ?????
• ??????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ?
  ??????? ???????? ????????
• ????????, ???????? ??????? ? ????????
  ???????????? ? ??????

17
????????? ?????-?????

• ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????
• ??????????? ?????
• X ??? ????? Y
• ????? ?????? ?????????????, ????????????
• ????? ??? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ???? gt
  ????? ??? ????? ????

18
???????? ??????

• ????????? ????? ??????????
• ?????? ????? ??????????
• ?? ??????, ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????
  ?????????
• ???????????? ??????
• ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????
  ???????????? ?????????

19
WordNet ???????? (?????)

• Sense 1
• forest, wood, woods -- (the trees and other
  plants in a large densely wooded area)
• HAS MEMBER underbrush, undergrowth, underwood --
  (the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns
  etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or
  forest)
• HAS MEMBER tree -- (a tall perennial woody plant
  having a main trunk and branches forming a
  distinct elevated crown includes both
  gymnosperms and angiosperms)

20
????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????

• ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ???????
• ? ???????? ????? ??????????
• ??????????
• ???????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????
• Coordinated synsets ??????????? ???? ??
  ??????????
• ???????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????
• ???????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????

21
???????? ?????

• ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????,
• ????? ????? ?????
• ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????,
• ????? ????? ?????
• ???? ????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????????,
  ???? ????? ????????
• ?????? ???? ????????? ?????-?????

22
???? ????????? ?????-?????

• 1) ?????????- ?????? (????? ??????) - Wn
• 2) ??????? ????????? (?????? - ???) - Wn
• 3) ?????? ???????? (????? ????)
• 4) ???????? ?????? (???????? ???????) - Wn
• 5) ????? ???????????? (?????? ???????)
• 6) ????? ????????? (?????? ??????)

23
????????????? ??????????????

• ???????????? (descriptive) ? ?????????????
  (relational)
• ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????
  ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????
• (heavy, weighty, ponderous)
• (light, weightless, airy)

24
???????? ????????? ?????????

• ??????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????
  ??????? ?????? ???????
• The importance of antonymy in the organization
  of descriptive adjectives is understandable when
  one recognizes that the function of these
  adjectives is to express values of attributes and
  that attributes tend to be bipolar.

25
???????? ???????????? ?????????????? heavy

• Heavy (vs. light)
• Dense
• Doughy,soggy
• Heavyweight
• Hefty
• Massive
• Middleweight
• Ponderous
• welterweight

26
???????? ???????????? ??????????????-light

• Light (vs.heavy)
• Airy
• Bantamweight
• Buoyant, floaty
• Chiffon
• Feathery, featherlike
• Low-density
• lightweight

27
?????????????? ??????????? ???????

• Angry (enraged, irate, wrathful, furious)
  unagry
• ?????
• Chromatic (vs. achromatic), colored

28
red, redness

• Red, redness
• Chromatic color, chromatic colour
• Color, colour
• Visual property
• Property
• attribute
• abstraction

29
????????????? ????????

• ?????????
• ?????????? (troponymy)
• ??????????? ?????????? (lexical entailment)
• ?????????
• ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? (causal
  relations)

30
??????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????

• Motion, perception, contact, communication,
  competition, change, creation, emotion,
  possession, social behaviour, bodily care and
  functions, cognition, consumption, weather verbs
• ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????
  possessions (give, transfer), (take, receive),
  (have, hold)

31
Lexical entailment

• ??????? V1 ? V2
• ???? ????? V1, ?? ?????? ????? V2
• ???? ??????? ??????, ??????, ?? ????
• ???? ??????? ????? (drive) ???????????? ????????,
  ?? ?????? ?? ???? (ride)
• ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????????
• ?????? ?? ?????-?????

32
Troponymy

• ?????? V1 ???????? ?????? V2 ? ????????? ??????
  ??????
• Fight fistfight, battle, war, attack, feud, box
  
• Walk stumble, toe, limp, stroll, march
• ??????????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????
  ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????

33
?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????

• 4 ?????? ????????
• ????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????????
  ???????? communicate talk babble/
  mumble/murmur
• ??????? ????????????? ??????????
• ???????????? ??????????? ?????????
• Communication communicator, recipient, message

34
????????

• Appear disappear
• Lengthe shorten
• Tie untie
• Emigrate immigrate
• Exclude include
• Fall/descend rise/ascend

35
?????????? ?????????

• Give have
• ????????? ????????????? - ?????????????
  ???????????? ??????????
• ???? V1 ???????? ???????? V2, ?? V2 ??????? ?? V1

36
????????????? entailment

• Temporal inclusion
• Troponymy (?????????? ?? ??????? - march - walk
• ?????????? entailment (walk step, snore sleep)
• Temporal inclusion-
• Cause (show-see)
• Backward presupposition (forget know, unwrap
  wrap)

37
???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????
???????????? ?????

• coin collection -- (the act or practice of
  collecting coins)
• numismatics, numismatology, coin collecting -
  (the collection and study of money (and coins in
  particular))
• vs.
• philately, stamp collecting, stamp collection --
  (the collection and study of postage stamps)

38
???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????
????????? ?????? ?? ??????, ? ???? ???? - ?

• spider web is an artifact?
• spider web, spider's web (a web spun by
  spiders to trap insect prey )
• gt web, entanglement --
• gt trap --
• gt device --
• gt instrumentality,
  instrumentation --
• gt artifact, artefact (a
  man-made object)

39
???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????
????????? ?????????

• hymn, anthem -- (a song of praise (to God or
  to a saint or to a nation))
• gt religious song -- (religious music for
  singing)
• hymn, anthem -- (a song of praise (to God or
  to a saint or to a nation))
• gt national anthem -- (a song formally
  adopted as the anthem for a nation)
• gt Marseillaise -- (the French
  national anthem)
• gt Star-Spangled Banner -- (the
  national anthem of the US)

40
???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????
??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????
???????????

• consumer goods -- (goods (as food or
  clothing) intended for direct use or consumption)
• gt clothing, clothes, apparel,
  vesture, wearing apparel, wear
• gt footwear --
• gt hosiery --
• gt sock --
• gt durables, durable goods, consumer
  durables
• gt appliance
• gt dryer, drier
• gt clothes dryer --

41
???????? ???????? ????????? WordNet tennis
problem

• ?????? tennis problem ?????????? ?????
  ???????, ???????????, ????????, ? ???????.
• ??? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????
  ?????? - ???????? ?????????, ?????? - ???????
• ???????? ????????? Domain ????? ????? ?????????
  ? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????
• ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????
  ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????
  ???????, ????? ??????????, ??? - ???????

42
???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????
??????? ???????? ??????????????

• 25 ???????? ??????????????? good
• 41 ???????? ??????? cut
• Sense 19
• cut -- (make a recording of "cut the
  songs")
• gt record, tape -- (register
  electronically)
• Sense 20
• cut -- (record a performance on "cut a
  record")
• gt record, tape -- (register
  electronically)

43
EuroWordNet

• ??????????? ??????????????? ???????
• ??????????? ?????????? WordNet
• ????????????? ?????????, ???????????,
  ???????????
• ????? ????????, ???????????, ???????, ?????????
• ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????
  ?? ???? WordNet ????????, ??????????,
  ?????????, ???????? ? ??.

44
??????? ? ??????

1. ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????
   WordNnet?
2. ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? WordNnet.
3. ?????? ?????????? ? WordNnet ??????????????
   ????????