Unicast Traffic

1
Unicast Traffic
VideoServer

• Unicast Application? ?? Client? Unicast Address?
  ? Packet? ? Copy? ????.

2
Unicast Traffic
1.5 Mb x 3 4.5 Mb
VideoServer
1.5 Mb x 2 3 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 1.5 Mb
3
Unicast Traffic
1.5 Mb x 100 150 Mb
1.5 Mb x 100 150 Mb
VideoServer
1.5 Mb x 100 150 Mb
1.5 Mb x 100 150 Mb
. . .
Receiver 1
Receiver 100
4
Broadcast Traffic
1.5 Mb
VideoServer
I dont want to receive this video stream, but
my CPU still needs to process that 1.5 MB of
data!
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb

• Broadcast Traffic? ??, Multimedia Application?
  ???? ?? Host? Broadcast Traffic? ???? ??. ??
  Transport Layer?? Packet? ????.

5
Multicast Traffic
1.5 Mb
VideoServer
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb

• Multicast Server? Multicast Address(special
  broadcast address)? ???? ??? Packet? ???? ?? ???
  Data? ????. Multicast Application? ???? ?? ????
  ?? Layer2?? Frame? ??? ? ??.
• Host? Multicast Application? ???, Host? NIC? ??
  Multicast MAC Address? ??? ??? MAC Address List?
  ????.

6
IP Multicast Characteristics

• ??? IP Address(Single IP Address)? ???? Host?
  group? IP Datagram? ????.
• best effort? ??? ??.(IP/UDP? ????.)
• Host Group? ?? Dynamic Membership? ????.
• ??? Member? ?? ???? IP Datagram? ????.
• Host? ?? ??? Group Membership? ?? ? ??.
• ??? Group Address? ???? ??? Application? ??? ??
  ??.
• Transport Layer?? UDP? ????? TCP? ?? Overhead?
  ??.

7
Multicast IP Address Structure
28 bits
Multicast Group ID
1
1
0
1
Class D

• Class D address first octet consists of 1110 as
  the higher order bits in the, followed by a
  28-bit group address.
• Class D addresses range 224.0.0.0 -
  239.255.255.255.

8
Multicast Group Address
224.0.0.0 Reserved 224.0.0.1 224.255.255.255
Reserved 225.0.0.0 238.255.255.255 ?????
???????? ????? Address 239.0.0.0
239.255.255.255 Reserved (Private Multicast
Address )
Well Known Address

• 224.0.0.1 ????? ?? ???? ???? Multicast Address
  
• 224.0.0.2 ????? ?? ???? ???? Multicast Address
  
• 224.0.0.4 DVMPR(Distance Vector Muticast
  Routing Protocol) Router? ???? Multicast Address
• 224.0.0.5 OSPF Router
• 224.0.0.6 OSPF Designated Router
• 224.0.0.9 RIP2 Router? ???? Multicast Address
• 224.0.0.10 EIGRP Router? ???? Multicast
  Address
• 224.0.0.13 PIM v2 Routers
• 224.0.0.15 CBT Routers
• 224.0.1.24 Microsoft WINS Server?? ??? ????
  ?? ???? Multicast Address??.
• 224.0.1.39 Cisco-RP-Announce
• 244.0.1.40 ?? PIM Router, Cisco-RP- Discovery

9
Mapping IP Multicast to Ethernet Addresses
0
7
8
15
16
23
24
31
Class D IP Address
1110
224
Not
Low-Order 23 Bits of Multi-cast
Used
Group ID Copied to Ethernet Address
01
00
5E
00000001
00000000
0
01011110
48-Bit Ethernet Address

• Layer 2 Multicast Address? Layer 3 Multicast
  Address??? ???? ????.
• 01005e000000 - 01005e7fffff
• 01005e? ????.(?? 24Bit? ??? ?? ???? 25?? bit??
  ?? 0??.)
• 01005e 0?? Address? ?? 23bit? Octet ??? 16??
  ??? ??? ??? ????.
• 224.128.64.32? 224.0.64.32? 01005e004020??
  ??? ??? ??? ?? ??. ? ??? IP Level?? ??? ???.

10
Planning Multicast
Switch Block
Core Block
Server Block
Video Servers
Distribution Switch
Host
Distribution Switch
Access Switch
Core
Multicast? ???? IP Protocol Stack
Multicast? ???? IP Protocol Stack
IP Multicast Application
IP Multicast Application
NIC Card

• Winsock V1.1? V2.0? ???? TCP/IP Stack?
  Multicast? Enable?? ??.
• Server, Client? IP Multicast? ???? Application?
  ??? ??.
• Switch? Multicast? ???? ?? ??? Port? Multicast
  Traffic? Forwarding ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??.
• ??? ???? ???? Multicast? ????? ?? Vendor?? ????
  ?? Multicast Routing Protocol? ?? ??.

11
IP Multicast?? Protocol
Multicast RoutingProtocols (PIM)
MBONE (DVMRP)
1
IGMP
Core
2
Video Servers
CGMP
3

• Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)? ????
  ????? Multicast Group Membership ??? ????.
• IP multicast routing protocol? Protocol
  Independent Multicast (PIM)? ????? Multicast
  Group ??? ????.
• Cisco Group Management Protocol(CGMP)? Multicast
  Group? ?? Node? ?? Port?? Multicast Packet?
  Forward?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? Multicast Group?
  ?? Host? Address? ????.
• Cisco IOS? PIM-to-DVMRP Interaction? ????.

12
Multimedia Traffic Forwarding
Source
Destination

• Multicast Traffic? ????? ?? Forward???.
• Multicasting? ??? Subnet? ??? ???? ??,Router?
  Multicast Routing Protocol? Implement?? ??.
  Multicast Routing Protocol? Multicast Delivery
  Tree? ????, Multicast Packet Forwarding? ????.
• Router? Default? IGMP? Disable?? ??. Interface?
  IGMP Routing Protocol? Enable ???? IGMP?
  Enable??.(Global Configuration?? ip
  multicast-routing ??, Interface Configuration??
  ip pim mode ??? ?? ?? Interface? IGMP? Enable ??.)

13
Group Membership
Are there any members for Group XYZ?
Im not a member so I wont respond.
Host D
Host A
Host B
Host C
Im a member so I will respond.
Im a member so I will respond.
Im a member so I will respond.

• IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol)? ????
  ???? ?? ???? ?? Multicast Router?? ???? ??????.
• Group Membership? ???? ???? ??? IGMP? IGMP Query
  Message? Report Message? ????.
• Host? IGMP Report Message? ???, Router? IGMP
  Query Packet? ???.

14
IGMPv1 Packet Format
7
15
23
31
4
Ver
Unused
Type
Checksum
Group Address

• Version IGMP Version? ????.
• Type
• 1 Host Membership Query
• 2 Host Membership Report
• Checksum IGMP Message ??? ?? Checksum?? 16Byte
  Field??.
• Group Address Multicast Group Address
• Router? General Query? ??? ?? 0.0.0.0??.
• Host? Report? ??? ??? ?? Multicast Group Address?
  ????.
• ?? IGMP Packet(v1 ? v2)? IP Header? TTL? 1??.
  IGMP v1 Packet? IP Header?? IP Router Alert
  Option? ???, IGMP v2 Packet? ???? ??.

15
IGMPv1 Joining a Group
Report
H3
H1
H2
224.1.1.1
IGMPv1

• ?? ??(?224.1.1.1)? Joining?? Member(Host)? ??
  ??(224.1.1.1)? ?? Report? Router?? ???. ?? IP
  Header? Destination Address? Application? ???
  Multicast Address(???? 224.1.1.1?)? ????.

16
IGMPv1 General Queries
H3
H1
H2
IGMPv1
MulticastRouter

• Router? ??? General Query? 224.0.0.1?? ???? ??
  ???? ?????, ? ???? ??? Member(???)? ????.
• General query? ip igmp query-interval ???? ???
  ?? ???? ????? ?????. Default? 60???.
• ?????? ??? Designated Router? General Query? ???.

17

• Interface?? IP IGMP??? ? ? ??.

4000663(config-if)ip igmp ? access-group
IGMP group access group join-group
IGMP join multicast group
querier-timeout IGMP previous querier
timeout query-interval IGMP host
query interval query-max-response-time IGMP
max query response value static-group
IGMP static multicast group version
IGMP version
4000663sh ip igmp ? groups IGMP group
membership information interface IGMP
interface information
4000663sh ip igmp groups IGMP Connected Group
Membership Group Address Interface
Uptime Expires Last Reporter 239.255.255.254
Ethernet0 003657 000156
211.168.27.50 224.0.1.40 Ethernet0
003807 never 211.168.27.1 224.0.1.24
Ethernet0 003659 000256
211.168.27.50
18
4000663sh ip igmp interface e 0 Ethernet0 is
up, line protocol is up Internet address is
211.168.27.1, subnet mask is 255.255.255.192
IGMP is enabled on interface Current IGMP
version is 2 CGMP is disabled on interface
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier
timeout is 120 seconds IGMP max query response
time is 10 seconds Inbound IGMP access group is
not set Multicast routing is enabled on
interface Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 211.168.27.1
(this system) IGMP querying router is
211.168.27.1 (this system) Multicast groups
joined 224.0.1.40
4000663sh ip igmp interface s 0 Serial0 is up,
line protocol is up Internet address is
211.168.2.230, subnet mask is 255.255.255.252
IGMP is disabled on interface Multicast routing
is disabled on interface Multicast TTL
threshold is 0 No multicast groups joined
19
IGMPv1 Maintaining a Group
224.1.1.1
224.1.1.1
X
H3
H1
H2
Report
Suppressed
3
2
Query to 224.0.0.1
1
IGMPv1

1. Router? ????? Query? ???.
2. ???? ? ???? ??? Member? Report? ??.
3. ?? Member?? Report? ????.

20
IGMPv1 Maintaining a Group

• Router? ?? ???? ?? 224.0.0.1?? Destination?? ??
  IGMPv1 Membership Query Packet? ????? ???.
• IGMPv1 Membership Query Packet? ?? ????? 0-10??
  Range? ?? Countdown Timer? Random?? ????
  Countdown? ????. Counter down Timer? 0? ???
  Member(???)? Membership Report? ???? ???, ?? ??
  Member??(Host?? ?? Host? ????? Multicast
  Address(???? 224.1.1.1)? ??? Membership Report?
  ????.) ??? Countdown Timer? Cancel??
  ??.(Membership Report? Suppress??.)

21
IGMPv1 Leaving a Group

• ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? Report? ?? ???.
• Router? ????? Query? ???.
• ???? ? Segment?? ?? ??????? Report ? ?? ??? ??
  ?? ??? ?? ???? Interface?? Timeout??. ???? ??
  ????? ? ?? Multicast Packet? Forwarding?? ???.
  ???? ?? Interface? ?? Multicast Group? ?? ???
  Upstream Router?? ?? Multicast Packet? ??? ???
  ???.(Pruning Message? ???.)

22
IGMPv2 Packet Format

• IGMP V2 IGMP Leave Message? ???? ?, General
  Query??? Specific Query? ???? ?, Router?? IGMP
  Querier Election? ?? Query? ??? ?? V1? ?? ????.

7
15
31
Max. Resp. Time
Checksum
Type
Group Address

• Type

0x11 Membership Query 0x12 Version 1
Membership Report (IGMPv1?? Compatibility?
????.) 0x16 Version 2 Membership Report 0x17
Leave Report

• Maximum Response Time
• Default? 10???.???? Membership Query? ?? ????
  Report? ??? ?? ? ???? Random? ??? Waiting??? ???
  ? ?? Maximum Time??. (Version 1? ??? 10??
  Maximum Time?? ?? ??? Version 2??? 25? ?? ??? ?
  ??.)

• Group Address
• Router? General Query? ??? ?? 0.0.0.0??.
• Host? Report? ??? ??? ?? Multicast Group
  Address? ????.

23
IGMPv2 Joining a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
H2
172.16.41.141
RTR141

• ?? ??(224.1.1.1)? Joining?? Member(Host)? ??
  ??(224.1.1.1)? ?? Report? Router?? ???. ??
  Destination Address? 2241.1.1?? ????.

24
IGMPv2 Joining a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
172.16.41.141
E0
RTR141
RTR141gtshow ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group
Membership Group Address Interface Uptime
Expires Last Reporter 224.1.1.1
Ethernet0 6d17h 000231 172.16.41.2
25
IGMPv2 Querier Election
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
H2
H3
IGMP Non-Querier
IGMP Querier
IGMPv2
172.16.41.141
172.16.41.143

• ???? ?? ???? IGMP Query? ??
• ?? ?? IP Address? ?? Router? Elected Querier?
  ??.
• ?? Router?? Non-Querier? ??.

26
IGMPv2 Querier Election

• IGMP v2??? Multiaccess Network?? ? Router? ???
  Querying Router? ???? IGMP Query? ??. ? ???? ??
  IGMPv2 Router? ??? Query?? ? Query? ?? Router? IP
  Address? ????.?? ???? ?? ?? IP Address? ?? ?????
  Querying Router? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? IP Address? ??
  ???? Querying Router? ??.(Version 1??? Multicast
  Routing Protocol? ??? ??? Designated Router?
  Querier Router? ??.)
• Querying Router? ???? (IGMP querier timeout) ??
  IGMP Query? ?? ???IGMPv2 Router?? ?? Query
  Election Process? ????.
• Router? ??? General query? 224.0.0.1?? ???? ??
  ???? ?????, ? ???? ??? Member(???)? ????. General
  Query? ip igmp query-interval ???? ??? ?? ????
  ????? ?????. Default? 60???.

27
IGMPv2 Querier Election
RTR141gt show ip igmp interface e0 Ethernet0 is
up, line protocol is up Internet address is
172.16.41.141, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
IGMP is enabled on interface Current IGMP
version is 2 CGMP is disabled on interface
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier
timeout is 120 seconds IGMP max query response
time is 10 seconds Inbound IGMP access group is
not set Multicast routing is enabled on
interface Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 172.16.41.141
(this system) IGMP querying router is
172.16.41.141 (this system) Multicast groups
joined 224.0.1.40 224.2.127.254
28
IGMPv2 Maintaining a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
224.1.1.1
H1
X
Suppressed
IGMPv2
172.16.41.141

1. Router? ????? Query? ???.
2. ???? ? ???? ??? Member? Report? ??.
3. ?? Member?? Report? ????.
4. IGMP V2? General Query????, Group Specific Query?
   ????.IGMP Leave Message? ???? ?? ?? ?? Multicast
   Group Address? IP Destination?? ?? Query Message?
   ???.

29
IGMPv2 Leaving a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
H3
RTR141
172.16.41.141
H2? ??? ??? ?? IGMP state
RTR141gtsh ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group
Membership Group Address Interface Uptime
Expires Last Reporter 224.1.1.1
Ethernet0 6d17h 000231 172.16.41.2
30
IGMPv2 Leaving a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
224.1.1.1
224.1.1.1
H1
H3
Report to 224.1.1.1
Leave to 224.0.0.2
Group Specific Query to 224.1.1.1
RTR141
172.16.41.141

1. H2? Group? ??? leave message? ???.(?? Group
   Address? ???? 224.0.0.2? ???.)
2. H2? Last Reporter????, Route? Group-Specific
   Query? ???.(?? Group Address? Destination IP
   Address? ?? ???.)
3. ???? Group Member Host? Report? ??.Group? Active
   ??? ????.

31
IGMPv2 Leaving a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
H2
H3
RTR141
172.16.41.141
H2? ??? ?? ?? IGMP state
RTR141gtsh ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group
Membership Group Address Interface Uptime
Expires Last Reporter 224.1.1.1
Ethernet0 6d17h 000147 172.16.41.3
32
IGMPv2 Leaving a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
224.1.1.1
H1
H3
H2
Leave to 224.0.0.2
Group-specific Query to 224.1.1.1
RTR141
172.16.41.141

1. ??? host? ??? ??? Leave Message? ???.
2. Router? Group-specific Query? ???.
3. Group-Specific Query? ?? ??? ??? ?? Multicast
   Group? Timeout?? ????.

33
IGMPv2 Leaving a Group
172.16.41.1
172.16.41.2
172.16.41.3
H1
H2
H3
RTR141
172.16.41.141
H3? ??? ?? ?? IGMP state
RTR141gtsh ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group
Membership Group Address Interface Uptime
Expires Last Reporter
34
IGMPv2 and IGMPv1 Devices in the Same Subnet
IGMPv1 Host 1.2.3.11
IGMPv1 Host 1.2.3.12
IGMPv2 Host 1.2.3.13
224.1.2.3
H3
H1
H2
Leave to 224.0.0.2
IGMPv1 Router
I am configured as a IGMPv1 Router. I will
ignore any IGMPv2 leave messages.

• IGMP Version 1? 2? ???? ?????? Cisco Router? ????
  ????? ???? IGMP Version? Detect?? Version?
  Switch?? ??? ??.
• ??? ???? Host? Router? IGMP Version 2? ????. ??
  ???? IGMP Version 1? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???
  Version 2? ???? Version 1?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.

35
IGMP V1,V2 Interoperability

• V2 Host / V1 Router V2 Host? V1 Router?
  Interoperability? ????.

• Version 1? Router? Version 2 Host? ??? IGMP V2
  Report? ????.
• Version 2? Host? Version 1 Router? Query? ???,
  IGMP Version 1 Report? ? ? ??.(IGMP V2 Type 0x12
  Version 1 Membership Report)
• Version 2? Host? Leave Group Message? Suppress?
  ? ??.
• Version 2? Host? IGMP V1 Query? ?? ?? ??
  Interface? IGMP V1 Interface? Mark??, IGMP V2
  Message Sending? ????.
• Version 2 Host? IGMP Packet? Maximum Response
  Time Field? ???? V1 Query? V2 Query? ????.
• Version 2? Host? IGMP V1 Query? ?? ?? 400-Second
  Countdown Timer? ????.Timeout ??? ? IGMP V1
  Query? ?? ?? Timer? Reset??. Timeout ??? IGMP V1
  Query? ?? ??? Interface? IGMP V2 Interface? ????.

36
IGMP V1,V2 Interoperability

• V1 Host / V2 Router V2 Router? Version 1??
  Version? ???? ??.

• IGMP V2 Query Message? Version 1 Host? ????
  IGMP V1 Report? ???.
• IGMP V1 Host?? IGMP V2 Report? ???? ???? IGMP V1
  Host?? IGMP V2 Report? ??? Report Suppression? ??
  ??, ??? IGMP V2 Router? IGMP V2 Report? V1
  Report? ?? ?? ??.
• IGMP V1 Host?? IGMP V2 Group Specific Query?
  ???? ??? IGMP Report? ?? ???? IGMP v1 Host? ??
  Multicast Group? ??? Member? ??? IGMP V2 Router?
  ?? Multicast Group? Timeout ??? ???? ??? ?? ??.

• V1 Router / V2 Router ?? ???? IGMP V1?? ?????
  ??.

• IGMP V1 Router? IGMP V2 Router? Detection ?? ???
  Query Router ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? V1 Router? V2
  Router? ???? Subnet ?? ?? ???? IGMP V1?? ????? ??.

37
Determining the IGMP Version
Router show ip igmp interface Vlan101 is up,
line protocol is up Internet address is
172.16.1.113, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 IGMP
is enabled on interface Current IGMP version is
2 CGMP is enabled on interface IGMP query
interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier timeout is
120 seconds IGMP max query response time is 10
seconds Inbound IGMP access group is not set
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 16 Multicast
designated router (DR) is 172.16.1.114 IGMP
querying router is 172.16.1.113 (this system)
Multicast groups joined 224.0.1.40 224.0.1.39
224.1.2.3
38
Changing the IGMP Version
Router(config-if) ip igmp version 1
interface Vlan41 ip address 172.16.411.143
255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode ip
multicast ttl-threshold 16 ip igmp version 1

• IGMP Version? Default? Version 2??.(Cisco IOS
  11.1?? Default IGMP Version? Version 2??.)
• V1 Host(ex.Windows NT 4.0 SP4 ?? Host)? V1
  Router? ???? ???? Router? Version 1?? ????.

39
Layer 2 Multicast
1.5 Mb
VideoServer
I dont want to receive this video stream, but
my CPU still needs to process that 1.5 MB of
data!
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Not A Receiver

• IP Multicast Traffic? Layer 2 Multicast Address?
  ???? ????? Layer 2 ???? ??, ???? ?? ??? IP
  Multicast Traffic? ????.
• CGMP? IP Multicast Traffic? IP Multicast Client?
  ?? Port?? ????? ??.

40
CGMP(Cisco Group Management Protocol)
0000.0c12.3456 would like to join multicast
group XYZ.
IGMP Join Request
0000.0c12.3456

• CGMP? Cisco-Developed Protocol(Cisco Proprietary
  Protocol)??.
• Catalyst Switch? Cisco Router(?? Layer3 Switch)?
  ?? ??? ?? Multicast Client? ??? ???? ??.
• IP Multicast Router? ???? IGMP Join ? Leave
  Information? Catalyst Switch? ????.

41
Device 0000.0c12.3456 wants to join Group
234.10.8.5
CGMP
I can reach device 0000.0c12.3456 out of Port 1.
I will add 234.10.8.5 to my switch forwarding
table.
I have no knowledge of device 0000.0c12.3456
CGMP Message
CGMP Message
0000.0c12.3456

• Router? Host??? IGMP Information? ??? Router?
  Multicast Group MAC Address(GDAGroup Destination
  Address), Multicasting Host? Actual MAC
  address(USAUnicast Source Address)? ???? CGMP
  packet? ???.
• CGMP packet? Well-known Multicast
  Address(0100.0cdd.dddd)? ???? ??? ?? ????
  ????.CGMP Packet? ????? ???? ?? Multicast Mac
  Address? ?? Forwarding Table? ? Entry?
  ??.Forwarding Table? Entry? Multicast Group MAC
  Address? Host? ?? Port? Mapping?? ????.

42
Enabling CGMP on the Router
Router(config-if) ip cgmp
Routershow run (text deleted) interface Vlan41
mac-address 4004.0114.0011 ip address
172.16.41.144 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip
pim sparse-mode ip cgmp

• CGMP? Default? Disabled ?? ??.
• CGMP? PIM? ??? Interface??? ????.

43
Enabling CGMP on the Switch
Switch (enable) set cgmp enable
Switch (enable) show config (text
deleted) cgmp set cgmp enable set cgmp leave
disable

• ???? ????? Default? Enable ?? ???, Catalyst 5000
  Switch?? CGMP? Default? Disable ????.
• CGMP? Enable ????? IGMP Snooping? ??? Disable ??
  ??? ??.(set igmp disable ??? ????.)

44
CGMP Joining a Group
CGMP Join MAC Address 0000.0c12.3456 to 224.1.2.3
0100.0cdd.dddd
0100.0cdd.dddd
I can reach device 000.0c12.3456 out of Port 2.
I will add that port to group 224.1.2.3 in my
switch forwarding table.
To 224.0.0.2
I have no knowledge of device 0000.0c12.3456
0000.0c12.3456
I am 0000.0c12.3456. I would like to join
multicast group 224.1.2.3

• 0100.0cdd.dddd? CGMP Message? ???? ?? ???? ???
  ? ?? Well-Known Mac Address??.

45
CGMP Leaving a Group
CGMP Remove MAC Address 0000.0c12.3456
from 224.1.2.3
I can reach device 0000.0c12.3456 out of Port 2.
I will remove that port from group 224.1.2.3 in
my switch forwarding table.
0100.0cdd.dddd
0100.0cdd.dddd
IGMP Leave to 224.0.0.2
I have no knowledge of device 0000.0c12.3456
0000.0c12.3456
46
Enabling CGMP Leave on the Switch
Switch (enable) set cgmp leave enable CGMP leave
processing enabled.
(text deleted) ! cgmp set cgmp enable set cgmp
leave enable !

• set cgmp leave enable ??? ,???? ??? IGMP Leave
  Message(IGMP V2? ??)? ???? ?? ?? Multicast Mac
  Address? ?? Forwarding Table? Entry?? ?? ???? ??
  Port? ????. ?? CGMP fast-leave Function?? ??
• cgmp leave? Disable ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? CGMP Leave
  Message? ???? ?? Multicast Mac Address? ??
  Forwarding Table? Entry?? ?? ???? ?? Port? ????.
• CGMP leave? default? disabled ?? ??.

47
Verifying CGMP on the Switch
Switch (enable) show cgmp statistics 41 CGMP
enabled CGMP statistics for vlan 41 valid rx
pkts received 211915 invalid rx pkts
received 0 valid cgmp joins received
211729 valid cgmp leaves received
186 valid igmp leaves received 0 valid igmp
queries received 3122 igmp gs queries
transmitted 0 igmp leaves transmitted
0 failures to add DSW144 to RTR144 0 topology
notifications received 80 number of CGMP packets
dropped 2032227

• show multicast group cgmp ??? CGMP Protocol? ??
  ??? Multicast MAC Address? Port? Mapping ??? ??
  ??.

48
?? IGMP Snooping

• CGMP? ???? ??? Non-Cicso Router? Cisco Catalyst
  Switch? ???? ???? ???? CGMP? ??? ?? ??.? ??? ????
  ??? IGMP Snooping??.
• NFFC II? ??? Supervisor Engine III, Supervisor
  Engine Software Release 4.1 ??? Catalyst 5000
  ???? IGMP Snooping? ??? ? ??.(ASIC ??? ??
  Software ??? ??? ???? Performance? ?? ?????? NFFC
  II? ??? ASIC ??? ??? ??.)
• Switch? Host? Router? ??? IGMP Join Message?
  Leave Message? ??, ??? Forwarding Table? ???? ???
  ????. Catalyst Switch? ? ??? NFFC Card? ASIC ????
  ????.

• 1.Catalyst Switch?? CGMP? Disable ???, IGMP?
  Enable ???.
• ?? CGMP? IGMP Snooping? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.
• Switch (enable) set cgmp disable
• Switch (enable) set igmp enable
• 2.Multicast Router? Catalyst? ?? Port? ???? ????
  ????.
• Switch (enable) set multicast router
  mod_num/port_num

• show multicast group igmp ??? ???? IGMP Snooping
  Process? ??? ??? Multicast MAC Address? Port
  Mapping ??? ? ? ??.

49
Broadcast Suppression
Hardware-Based Broadcast Suppression

• Switch Port? ???? Broadcast/Multicast Traffic?
  Bandwidth ???? Percent? 1? ???? ???? Threshold?
  ?? ?? ?? Interval ??(1????) Broadcast/Multicast
  Traffic? Drop ???.

50
Enabling Broadcast Suppression
Consolegt (enable) set port broadcast 3/1
75 Port(s) 3/1-24 broadcast traffic limited to
75. Consolegt (enable) show port broadcast 3 Port
Broadcast-Limit Broadcast-Drop 3/1-8 75
- 3/9-16 75
- 3/17-24 75 -
Disabling Broadcast Suppression
51
Broadcast Suppression
Software-Based Broadcast Suppression

• Switch Port? ???? Broadcast/Multicast Traffic?
  Frame ??? 1? ???? ???? Threshold? ?? ?? ??
  Interval ??(1????) Broadcast/Multicast Traffic ??
  ??? Unicast Packet? Drop ???.

Consolegt (enable) set port broadcast
mod_num/port_num threshold

• ????? Hardware-Based Broadcast Suppression?
  Software-Based Broadcast Suppression? ?? ????? ?
  ? ??.(Software-Based Broadcast Suppression?
  Frame? ??? ???? Frame? ?? ?? ???.)
• ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? show port
  capabilities ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????.