Title: Internal Combustion Engine
1Internal Combustion Engine
- Chapter 5
- ??? ?? ??
- Air and Fuel Induction
25-1 ????? (Intake Manifold)
- ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????
????? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?
???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. - ???? ?????, ???, ????, ????? ?? ???? ????
??. -
- SI engine??? ?? ??? port injection?? ???
?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????
????. -
- CI engine ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????
?? ????.
3- ????? ?? ??? ??? throttle plate? ??? ???
???? intake chamber? ????. chamber? ??? intake
runner? engine head? intake port? ?? intake
valve? ???? ????? ????. -
- ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????.
????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????
??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ???
????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???
??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??. -
- ???? ??? carburetor? venturi??? ???? ????
????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? fuel injector? ???
intake valve ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ???
??? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??
????? liquid film ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??
???? ??? ??. port fuel injection? ?? ???? ??? ??
???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????
???? ??? ???? ??? ???.
4- ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????
???? ???? ?? ?? ????. ?? ????? ?????(EGR)? ??? ?
??? ?? ?? ??? cylinder ??? ????. -
- ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? feedback
control? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???
??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ??
??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
????? ??? ???. - ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???
??? ???? ????? knock? ???? ???? ?? ?????? knock
? ???? ??? spark timing? retard? ? ??.
55-2 SI ??? ????
Fuel Evaporation Heat Transfer Density
? Valve Overlap Back Draft Intake Valve Timing
Friction Loss Choked Flow
65-2 SI ??? ????
- ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
- 1?? ??.
- Fuel - SI engine?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????
??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ???
??? ???? 14.71?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ? percent?
??? LPG, CNG ?? ????? ??? 10 ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?
??? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??. - 2) Heat Transfer (High Temperature) - Hood ?? ???
???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????,.
??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????. Fig. 5-1?? ????
volumetric efficiency? ???? ??? ??? ?????.
7- 3) Valve Overlap - ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????
???? ???? ?? ?? ???. ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
?? valve overlap?? ??. valve overlap ?? ?? ??
port? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? port?
????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??. - 4) Fluid Friction Losses - ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ???
???? volumetric efficiency? ???? ?? ???? ????.
????? swirl flow? ??? ?? intake port ??? ?????
??? ???. - 5) Choked Flow - ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????
? ?? ??? ? ??. Intake valve??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?
??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? cycle?
?? ???? ????. Fig. 5-1?? ???? ??? volumetric
efficiency? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??.
8- 6) Closing Intake Valve after BDC - ????? ?
cycle? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
?? ????? ???? BDC? ?? ?? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ???
??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????
????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
?? port? ??? ????. - 7) Intake Tunning - ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????
???? ??? ???? transient? ????. ? ???? ????? ?? ??
???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????
???? ???? ??. ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?
??. ??? ??? intake tunning?? ??. - 8) EGR - NOx? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
???? ????? ??? ????.
95-3 ?? ??(Intake Valves)
- ????? ????? poppet valve? ?? ???? ?? ???
1-3?, ?? ??? 1-2?? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
3?, ?? ??? 2?? ??? ?? ? ??. ????? ??? ??? ??
????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??
???? limit? ??. ??? 4? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??. valve?? cam? ??
????? valve? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? Variable
Valve Timing and Lift????? ??. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???
??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???.
10(No Transcript)
11(No Transcript)
12(No Transcript)
135-4 ?? ??? (Fuel Injection)
- SI engine? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? 3?? ??? ???
??? fuel injector?? ??? ??? ???? solenoid? ??????
??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??. Carburetor?
feedback? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???
????? ?? ????? ??. ??? ?? ????? ???? Gasoline
Direct Injection engine? ??? ??? ??? 100?? ???
???? ????.
145-6 ??? ???? (Supercharging
Turbocharging)
- Supercharger? Turbocharger? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??
???? - ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??
- ? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??.
- 1) Supercharger - ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???
???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ??,
???, ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
??? ??. - 2) Turbocharger ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???
???? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????
??? ???? ????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???
????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ????
?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????(Turbo Lag)??? ??.
15???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? SI ????? ?????
???. ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?? ???
??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????(aftercooler)? ??? ??.
16Turbo lag? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
?????? ???? ? ??. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??.
17(No Transcript)
185-7 ?? ?? ?? (Stratified Charge Engines)
-
- ???? SI ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??-?? ??? ???.
?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??-?? ??? ????
??? ????. ?, ??? ??? ???? Rich Mixture? ???? ???
?? ????? ?? ??? ??? Lean Mixture? ???? ?? ??? ??
? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ???
??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??
? ??. ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? Unthrottle???? ???? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. - ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ????
?3????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????
?? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? CI???? ???? ???? ??? ???
???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??-?? ???? ?????.
195-8 2?? ??? ??? ?? (Intake for Two-Stroke
Cycle Engines)
2?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??. ???? ?
??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??. 2 ??????? ??
??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????
???? ????? ????. ??? ??(scavenging)?? ???. ????
??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??
????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
????. ?? ?? 2?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????
??? ??? ????(stagnant flow)? ???? dead zone? ???
?? ??. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??, ??? ???? ?? ??,
??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.
20????(cross scavenged) ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????
????. Short-circuiting?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????
??? ??? ?? deflect??? ????.
????(Loop scavenged) ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????
???? ??? loop? ???? ???.
???? ?? ?? ??? ??(uniflow scavenged or
Trough-flow scavenged) ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???
??. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
215-9 CI ??? ?? (Intake For CI Engines)
- ? CI ??? Unthrottled ???? ????. ??? ??? ???
? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????. Unthrottled ??? ??
??? ???? ??? CI ??? ?? ????? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??
????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????
????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? 20 btdc? ???? ??? ? ???
evaporation ?? ??? ??? ??? ??( shortly btdc)??
????. CI ??? ???? SI ???? ??. ??? CI ??? ?? ????
? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. CI ??? ?? ???? ? 200
2000atm? ?????.