RENAISSANCE BACKGROUND: PGS:208-212

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RENAISSANCE BACKGROUND 208-212
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Spanish Armada

• By DeLisa Goudeau

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What is It?

• A vast fleet of warships
• The term applied to a massive fleet dispatched
  against England by Spain's Catholic King Philip
  II in 1588, which lead to an early and important
  confrontation in the nearly 20-year Anglo-Spanish
  War of 1585-1604 .
• The object of the Armada was to replace the
  Protestant monarch with a friendly catholic ruler.

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The History of the Spanish Armada The start of
the war

• Between 1587 and 1588 rumors that King Philip of
  Spain was assembling a massive fleet to conquer
  England and Ireland were began to spread
• Elizabeth believed that a war situation could be
  avoided
• The real purpose of the Armada was to enable the
  army of the Duke of Parma to cross in safety from
  France to England and to destroy the English
  fleet

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The History Cont

• At this point food and water were scarce and the
  food was rotten.
• The Spanish Armada moved from the tight mouth of
  the English channel confusing and defying the
  English.
• The English broke their formations by sending in
  fireships at night.
• The Spanish lost many men and ships while the
  English were unharmed.
• The defeat of the Armada was Queen Elizabeths
  greatest accomplishment.

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After its all over

• Despite the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the war
  between England and Spain lasted until 1604.
• The defeat of the Spanish Armada nearly destroyed
  the national treasury of Spain.
• The defeat brought about English nationalism and
  assured Englands independence from Catholic
  countries of the Mediterranean.
• This was a major turning point in English
  history.

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Setting of the War of the Ships

• The battle took place in 1588 in the Irish Sea
• The battle was part of the 20 years war starting
  in 1585 and ending in 1604.

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A FLOOD OF LITERATURE
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A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

• William Caxton introduced the printing press to
  England, enabling a faster publication of books.

• The English were able to write with ease since
  they had a firmly established religion and
  national identity

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A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

• After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, most
  literature was a tribute to Elizabeth I.
• They would depict her as Gloriana, Diana, the
  Faerie Queene and Cynthia in poetry, dramas and
  fiction.

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A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

• Theatre during this time seemed to greatly
  expand, especially with encouragement from the
  Queen. William Shakespeare is an example.

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Decline of the Renaissance

• A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman

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James VI of Scotland

• Elizabeth Is second cousin
• Son of Mary Queens of Scots
• Became James I of England
• Reigned from 1603 to 1625

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Family Feud

• James I
• Inability to resolve (postpone) critical issues.
  Ex religious and economic
• Spendthrift
• Thick-tongued goggle-eyed
• Foreigner to England

• Elizabeth I
• Ability to resolve (postpone) critical issues.
• Thrifty
• Glamorous witty
• Englishwoman

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James I trying so hard

• Wrote books supporting the divine right of kings
  and against tobacco
• Patronized Shakespeare
• Sponsored new translation of the Bible
• Bad relationship w/ subjects (pious,
  puritanically minded merchants)
• Somehow described as an admirable man and
  benevolent, peaceful ruler.

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Charles I

• James Is son
• Reigned from 1625 to 1649
• Remote
• Autocratic
• Self-destructive
• Beheaded in 1649 by most powerful subjects

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Oliver Cromwell

• Puritan dictator who ruled England (along with
  Parliament)
• Reigned from 1649 to 1660

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Return of the King Charles II

• Son of Charles I
• Self-indulgent
• Came back in 1660 from being exiled in France
• His return usually marks the end of the English
  Renaissance

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End of the Renaissance

• End of moral and religious values
• Educated people became more worldly in their
  outlook
• Scientific truths were soon to challenge
  long-accepted religious beliefs

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Elizabeth I

• Nickname
• Good Queen Bess
• Born to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

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Mary Queen of Scots

• Married at age 16 to Dauphin Francis of France,
  who was 14
• Tried to assassinate her sister multiple times

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James I

• Ruled Scotland for 58 years
• Ruled England for 22 years
• Happy to rule England to get away from all the
  bloody murder in Scotland
• One of the reasons the pilgrims came to America
• Died from a stroke

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Charles I

• Had many unsuccessful attempts at marriage
  arrangements
• Married a 15 year-old

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JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND
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JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

• Since Edward I expelled most of the Jews in 1290
  over a land ownership dispute, there werent many
  left.
• There was some relief for them when Oliver
  Crowell was ruling

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JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

• Most thought of the Jews as greedy, seen in
  Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice.
• The character Shylock was a Jew, who was cruel
  and greedy.

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JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

• The Jews were continually persecuted and had to
  live in ghettos and move from city to city.