The American Revolution

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The American Revolution

• Section 1

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1. What was the French and Indian War?

• It was the conflict between the French and the
  British over the Ohio River Valley
• Colonists fought for the British, many of whom
  would lead the fight during the Revolution
• In Europe this war was known as the Seven Years
  War

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2. What was the Albany Plan of Union?

• The Albany Plan of Union was the first time the
  colonists discussed forming their own government

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3. The First Treaty of Paris

• The 1st Treaty of Paris ended the French and
  Indian War
• For the most part the French left North America

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4. What problems for a government occur when
fighting a war?
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5. What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

• This act of Parliament refused to allow colonists
  to settle the western frontier because of Native
  American attacks
• Colonist were not happy

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6. What was Britains plan to pay for war in
North America?

• George Grenville, the British Prime Minister,
  planned to implement new taxes on the colonies
• This created a black market to avoid the taxes

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7. What was the Sugar Act?

• This act changed tax rates for raw sugar,
  molasses, silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and
  indigo.

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8. What was the Currency Act of 1764?

• This banned the use of paper money in the
  colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans
  who used paper money to pay back loans
• Basically it fought inflation

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9. What was the Stamp Act?

• Stamps were required on most printed materials. ?
  
• The stamp tax was the first direct tax Britain
  had ever placed on the colonists.

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10. What was the Quartering Act?

• This act forced the colonists to pay more for
  their own defense by providing places to stay for
  British troops in the colonies.

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11. What was the response of the colonists?

• Boycott or non-importation agreements to ban
  British goods

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12. What was the Declaratory Act?

• Gave Parliament the power to make laws for the
  colonies

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13. What were the Townshend Acts?

• The Revenue Act of 1767 placed higher taxes on
  goods and legalized writs of assistance, which
  was a form of a general search warrant

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14. What were the Virginia Resolves?

• The House of Burgesses stated that only
  Virginians could tax Virginians

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15. What were the Sons of Liberty?

• The Sons of Liberty were a colonial group that
  encouraged colonists to boycott British goods.

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16. What was the Boston Massacre?

• The event started over a disputed bill to a
  wigmaker
• As the argument grew louder, the crowd grew
• In fear, British officers fired into the large
  crowd, killing five, including Crispus Attuckus,
  a free African American

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The American Revolution

• Section 2

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17. What were committees of correspondence?

• Thomas Jefferson thought each colony should
  create a committee of correspondence to
  communicate with other colonies about British
  activities.

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18. What caused the Boston Tea Party?

• Parliament passed the Tea Act to help the British
  East India Company make a profit

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19. What was the Boston Tea Party?

• The Boston Tea Party was the response of the Sons
  of Liberty to the Tea Act

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20. What were the Coercive Acts?

• The Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts were a
  series of laws that restricted the rights of the
  colonists

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21. What was the Quebec Act?

• The Quebec Act took territory from the west and
  gave it to the province of Quebec

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22. What happened at the First Continental
Congress?

• The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and
  Grievances, which announced a boycott of British
  goods, which would be enforced by a Continental
  Association

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23. Who were the Minutemen?

• The Minutemen were the Massachusetts militia who
  took pride in being ready to fight in a moments
  notice

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24. Who were the Loyalists?

• Americans called Loyalists, or Tories, remained
  loyal to the king and felt British laws should be
  upheld
• Included government officials, prominent
  merchants, landowners, and a few farmers

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25. Who were the Patriots?

• The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were
  tyrants
• Patriots included artisans, farmers, merchants,
  planters, lawyers, and urban workers

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26. Is Paul Reveres midnight ride a true story?

• Sort of
• Patriots Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent
  to Lexington to warn the people that the British
  were coming
• Dr. Samuel Prescott went on to warn the people of
  Concord

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27. What happened at Lexington and Concord?

• The British attacked Lexington and 70 minutemen,
  killing 8 and wounding 10
• Shot heard round the world
• The British continued to Concord, where 400
  minutemen waited
• The British retreated after a brief battle

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28. What was the Second Continental Congress?

• Met in Philadelphia to develop a plan to fight
  the British

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29. What happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

• Bunker Hill resulted in two successes of the
  Continental Army, not victories,
• The Continentals forced the British to stop their
  attack
• Huge confidence boost

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30. What was the Olive Branch Petition?

• It stated that the colonies were still loyal to
  King George III and asked the king to call off
  the army while a compromise could be made
• At the same time, some colonists attacked Quebec
• King George refused the Olive Branch Petition

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31. What was Common Sense?

• Common Sense was an essay written by Thomas Paine
  questioning the sanity of being ruled by someone
  thousands of miles away

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32. What was the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration to
  formally announce the separation of the colonies
  from Britain to the world
• It also states the reasons for the separation

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The American Revolution

• Section 3

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33. Who was William Howe?

• Howe was the commander of the well trained
  British Army

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34. Who was Robert Morris?

• Morris was a wealthy Pennsylvania merchant who
  donated large sums of money to the war effort

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35. What is guerilla warfare?

• Guerilla warfare utilizes a quick strike and
  retreat philosophy
• The American militiamen used this strategy to
  ambush the highly disciplined British
• This was effective because the Americans did not
  have to defeat the British, just survive

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36. What was the British strategy?

• Howe wanted to convince the Americans that their
  cause was hopeless
• Howe built up a large military to intimidate the
  Americans in hopes of an immediate surrender
• When the British landed on Long Island, George
  Washingtons troops immediately surrendered
  allowing the British to capture New York City

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37. Who was Nathan Hale?

• Hale was an American Captain that spied on the
  British
• Hale was captured and put to death
• His last words were I only regret that I have
  but one life to lose for my country.

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38. What happened at Valley Forge?

• Washington and his troops spent a hard winter at
  Valley Forge, where they were trained by Marquis
  de Lafayette

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39. Who won the Battle of Saratoga?

• Washington was able to force the British to
  surrender at Saratoga and 5000 British troops
  were taken prisoner
• As a result, the French recognized American
  independence

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40. Who was George Rogers Clark?

• Clark forced the British and the Iroquois to
  surrender the western region (Ohio River Valley)

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41. What did the British do following Saratoga?

• After Saratoga the British focused their efforts
  in the south with a major victory in Charles
  Town, SC

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42. Who was Charles Cornwallis?

• Cornwallis was the commander of the British
  troops in the south
• The actions of his troops and the loyalist army
  were often brutal

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The American Revolution

• Section 4

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43. What was the importance of the Battle of
Kings Mountain?

• Southern farmers began to organize militia forces
• The militias lured the British and Loyalists into
  the Appalachian Mountains and scored a huge
  victory
• It was the turning point of the war in the south

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44. Who was Francis Marion?

• Known as the Swamp Fox, Marion and his militia
  was the inspiration for the movie The Patriot

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45. Who was Benedict Arnold?

• Arnold was a trusted companion of George
  Washington who decided to side with British in
  the middle of the war

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46. Who was Anthony Wayne?

• Wayne forced Cornwallis to retreat to Yorktown,
  where the British surrendered on October 19, 1781

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47. The 2nd Treaty of Paris

• Britain recognized the U.S. as an independent
  nation
• The Mississippi River was the western border of
  the U.S.

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48. What is a republic?

• A republic is a form of government where citizens
  elect representatives to govern them
• John Adams fought for the ideas the U.S. adopted
  in its government

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49. What was the Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom?

• This document declared that Virginia no longer
  had an official church

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50. Who was Molly Pitcher?

• Well known for carrying water to the Patriots
  during the Battle of Monmouth
• Even though women and African Americans played a
  role in winning the war, they were not considered
  equals in the eyes of the government

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51. Who were John Trumbull and Charles Wilson
Peale?

• Trumball and Peale were American painters, whose
  depictions of American heroes helped create an
  American culture

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52. What was the first state university?

• University of North Carolina, 1795