The Revolution Within: Women, African-American, and the Indigenous

1
The Revolution Within Women, African-American,
and the Indigenous

• Revolutionary Women
• Used domestic roles
• Homespun Movement
• Served Continental Army
• Allowed American soldiers in home
• Loyalist women left country/undertook acts of
  resistance
• Control of domestic consumption political goals
• Boycott British goods
• Edenton Tea party 51 women/ North Carolina
• Spied on British soldiers
• Deborah Champion, Sara Decker Haligowski, Harriet
  Prudence, Patterson Hall, Lydia Darraugh
  information to U.S. soldiers
• Fought in war
• Deborah Samson, Hannah Snell, Sally St. Claire
  hid gender
• Loyalist Women
• Leave
• Resistance

2
African Americans during the Revolution

• 1770s
• Most lived as slaves North and South
• Issues of enslavement and freedom
• Sided with whom could promise personal liberty
• 100,000 escaped or died during war
• 5000 enlisted in Continental Army Lexington
  Concord, and Bunker Hill
• 1775 George Washington forbids recruitment of
  Blacks
• Virginia Governor Lord Dunmore promises freedom
  to Blacks (side with British)
• Black Loyalists- emigration of 3,000-4000
• Documented service to Crown left U.S. for
  Britain and Nova Scotia
• Massive Migration after War
• Largely female
• 1806 Women 43 in New York
• Maritime industry- largest employer of black
  males post-Revolutionary

3
Gender and Politics during the Revolutionary
Period

• Key Points
• Dependency on men to participate in public realm
• Coverture Contribute to the public realm
• Republican Motherhood Educating the next
  generation according to values of the men who
  fought for independence. (Republican values and
  idealsgood citizens)
• Issues
• Liberty, Equality, Independence Not Women. Whig
  political theorists voting rights through
  ownership of property.
• Ideal Whig woman patriotic cause from inside
  separate spheres
• Key Figures
• Abigail Adams property rights for married women
• Mercy Otis Warren political writer and
  propagandist for war
• Issued pamphlet A Colombian Patriot, opposed
  ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788
• 1805- first published history of the American
  Revolution
• Postwar Efforts rise of various womens services
  and reform societies

4
Displacing the Indigenous Communities

• Key Points
• War
• Excuse to take land
• War of survival for Indigenous
• Damaged food supplies and atrocities
• Lenape signed treaty with the new United States
• Iroquois split allegiance between British
  (Loyalists) and the Patriots.
• Treaty of Paris 1783. British ceded territories
  to U.S.
• Did not inform indigenous communities
• Replaced Treaty of 1763 which established
  British power in 13 colonies
• Northwest Indian Wars War against white
  encroachment
• Issues
• Women and War
• Competition for Indigenous Support Loyalists and
  Patriots
• Frontier Warfare Brutal 1779 New York Sullivan
  Expedition
• Treaties New York and Iroquois Nation, 5, 000,
  000 acres establishment of reservations.