Cold War

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Cold WarBURRRRRRR!
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• 1.Flash Back to World War II-
• -Who were the Allied Powers (both leaders and
  countries?
• 2. Look on pg. 847- What country is Berlin
  located in?
• 3. Page 846- Describe how the name Cold War came
  to be used?
• 4. You are an advisor to President Harry S.
  Truman in July 1945. You have traveled with him
  to Potsdam, outside the ruined city of Berlin,
  where Allied leaders are discussing postwar
  plans. Everyone agrees that steps must be taken
  to prevent another world war. But you are
  worried that the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
  cannot be trusted.
• -What advice would you give to President Truman?

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1. Differentiate between the Yalta Conference and
   Potsdam conference. (p.844-845)
2. What was the result of the Potsdam conference?
   (p.845)
3. What is the purpose of United Nations? (p.846)
4. Describe the similarities between the NATO and
   WARSAW Pact.
5. Which Pact was the United States part of? (p.848)

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• 1.On page 846- What is the significance of the
  IRON CURTAIN
• 2. Define Containment
• 3. Map pg. 847- Identify the countries that
  remained neutral between NATO and WARSAW
• 4. What was the northernmost NATO member country
  shown on the map?

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I. OBJ 1 Describe how the end of WWII in
Europe sparked the COLD WAR. What two countries
became known as Super Powers? What did Churchill
describe the Soviet Union doing to its part of
Europe? What was the American approach to
fighting the Cold War in Europe? How did Berlin
become the center of this fight?

• A. Yalta Conference (1945) Big 3
  (British/U.S./Soviet Union)
• 1. Stalin Agrees to Elections in all E. Europe
• a. LIES!!!!!!!
• 2. Germany to be split until elections (E. W.)
• a. Berlin split too though on Soviet side (East)
• Marshall Plan
• 1. Learned lesson from WWI - What?
• a. Plan to help Europe
  Rebuild (Even W. Germany)
• 1. Large Loans
• 2. American Equipment
• 3. Keeps U.S. factories going after WWII
• 4. Strengthens NATO and U.S. as its leader
• b. Stalin hates it (Says its
  spreading capitalism)

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Notice the change in leaders
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The capital city of Berlin was also divided
between East and West, locate Berlin why might
that be a problem????
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Fun Facts The Berlin wall was 96 miles long
average height 12 feet 171 people were killed
trying to get from East to West Germany over the
wall

• C. Iron Curtain Descends (1948)
• 1. Stalin refuses Elections in E. Europe
• 2. US and Br./Fr. Create Free W. Germany
• a. W. Berlin included in plan
• b. Stalin cuts off Berlin (No Western
  Road Access)
• 3. BERLIN BECOMES BATTLE GROUND
• a. Berlin Airlift (Stalin cuts-off land
  contact with Free West Berlin)
• 10 months day/night (airplanes w/supplies)
• b. 1949, 2 Germanys East West
• c. Berlin Wall- 1961 (Literal Iron
  Curtain)
• Built to keep people IN Communist
  East Germany
• People were leaving and communist
  needed them to stay

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1. Civil Rights Study Guide and notes are due!!
2. How did the Marshall Plan fit with the goals of
   the Truman Doctrine? (p.847)
3. When (year) did the first Red Scare happen?
   (p.854)
4. What is McCarthyism? (p.854-855)
5. How did Television affect Joseph McCarthys
   power? (854-855)
6. Get out notes!

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BERLIN AIRLIFT
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• D. Containment Policy (our policy towards
  COMMUNISM)
• 1. KEEP COMMUNISM FROM
  EXPANDING!!!
• a. Plan to keep communism where it is
  but not let it grow
• 2. Armed Camps
• a. West forms NATO- North Atlantic Treaty
  Org.
• -One country attacked, they all have
  been (Like a team)
• -Led by U.S. / Western Europe
• b. Soviets respond- Warsaw Pact
• -Communist Countries Military Pact
• -Controlled by Moscow !
• Armed Gangs
  facing each other

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2. Give evidence to support this statement
Berlin was the center of the COLD WAR
COMMUNISM
1. Describe the policy shown above (communism
FENCED in)
Are you a communist?
3. Name the two armed teams that were ready to
fight each other (not COUNTRIES)
4. Describe who this guy is AND what he claimed
to have
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II. OBJ 2 Describe how the Cold War created a
new Red Scare. What was McCarthyism and who
started it? How were people treated that didnt
totally agree with McCarthy? What did McCarthy
claim to have that ended up never existing.

• A. Red Scare
• 1. U.S. citizens fear Soviet Expansion /
  Communism
• a. Very similar to 1920s
• B. MCCarthyISM
• Joe McCarthy- Weak Senator from Wisconsin
• a. Will probably not be re-elected
• The LIST
• a. Suddenly finds list of communist that
  work in the U.S. government
• Will not show anyone list
• Starts questioning people

McCarthy had NOTHING!!!!!!!!
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OBJ 2 cont

• Are you now, or have you ever been a member of
  the communist party?
• 3. RESULTS (think DOT activity!!!!)
• a. People who refused to help are assumed
  guilty!
• b. Witnesses start accusing other people to keep
  from getting attacked!
• c. Hundreds of lives ruined!
• Fired / Blacklisted / Jailed
• McCarthy HAD NOTHING!

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III. OBJ 3 Describe the first Hot War of
the Cold War (Years). What was the role of the
U.N. in the war? How did the Soviets mess up and
allow the U.N. to fight a communist country? How
did General McArthur become a hero during the war
but was also fired? What was the result of this
Hot War?

• A. United Nations
• 1. 1st plan League of Nations after WWI
• U.S. refused to Join!! (Isolationism)
• 2. Designed to keep countries from going to war
• a. Peace Keeping -International
  Cooperation
• Leadership
• Security Council (Really in Charge!)
• a. Reason U.S. desides to join
• b. U.S., Fr., Br., USSR, and later China
• (All have VETO POWER w/1 vote!)

Flag of the United Nations
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OBJ 3 Cont

• B. KOREAN War (1950-53)
• Communist N. Korea attacks the South!
• 1. South Korea asks U.N. for help
• a. U.S., Br. And Fr. Support
  helping
• b. Soviets walk out of Security
  Council
• Vote goes anyway Help S. Korea
• (They dont do that again! Forgot Veto!)

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OBJ 3 Cont

• 2. U.S. and Free world aid S. Korea
• a. Push N. Korea to Chinese Border
• -McArthur wants to invade China
• Talks about dropping the BOMB!
• b. Chinese Invade to help N. Korea
• -U.S. in full Retreat (Thousands killed!)
• c. Peace w/U.S. and China border restored to
  where it
• d. was prior to war (38th parallel) DEMILITARIZED

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IV. OBJ 4 Describe how the U.S. and the USSR
competed in the area of technology. What was the
first man-made object put into space (What
country got it there / year)? What event made
the U.S. winner (year)?

• A. Competition
• 1. The Race
• a. Arms Race
• -Competition to build the most nuclear and
  non-nuclear weapons
• BIG 1950s, 60s and 80s
• Arms control
  talks in late 1970s limits
• - ICBM-
  Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
• Missiles could
  be fired from one continent to the other
  
• accurately this meant war
  could happen at any time.
• b. Space Race
• -Competition to make it to Space 1st
• --Soviets
  win launch first artificial satellite Sputnik
  (1957) If the Soviets could launch a satellite,
  what else could they do????
• -The MOON J.F.K
  launches APOLLO PROJECT (1961) with goal of
  reaching moon by 1969.
• July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Buzz
  Aldrin land on moon!!!!

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V. OBJ 5 Describe the Domino Theory. What
Hot War did the U.S. become involved in because
of this theory? What advantages did the
Vietnamese have in fighting? What about Ho Chi
Minh made the Domino Theory wrong? How did the
draft and lottery cause trouble in the U.S.?
What happened in 1975?

• The Domino Theory
• 1. If one country goes Communist the
  surrounding countries will fall too
• 2. Vietnam War (1955-1975)
• a. 1950s- Money support for S. Vietnam
• b. 1960- Troop Support Added to Vietnam
• Gulf of Tonkin N. Vietnamese
  attack U.S ships in gulf
• -Congress allows Take all necessary
  measures Gulf of TonkinResolution
• c. 1970s- Troops Withdrawn
• 1973 U.S. agrees to withdraw,
  P.O.W.s returned
• 1975 Saigon, capital of S. Vietnam,
• falls to communist forces

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OBJ 5 Cont

• 3. Vietnam Reaction at Home
• a. Good at 1st STOP COMMUNISM
• Ho Chi Minh not interested in spreading
  communism, wants to end COLONIALISM (control
  by others)
• b. DRAFT/LOTTERY- Big Problem
• College Students Exempt
• (But most opposed to the war)
• Others Fled to Canada
• c. HIPPIES! - Totally opposed to war

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VI. OBJ 6 What approach did Ronald Reagan
take towards winning the Cold War? What was
Star Wars? How did Gorbachev affect the fall
of communism? What symbolized the end of the
Cold War? symbolized the end of the Cold War?

• A. End of Cold War
• 1. Détente (1970s) - Nixon
• Relax or ease international Tension
• a. Open relations w/Communist China
• USSR China dont get
  along even though both Communist
• b. Began Arms talks w/USSR
• Reduce Nuclear Weapons!
• -Stop Testing? NV.
• B. The Evil Empire 1980s
• 1. Reagan Challenges Soviets
• Says we believe they are bad EVIL
• a. Starts Building Arms Again
• -See if Soviets can keep up
  (Checkbook!)
• b. Challenges Them Mr.
  Gorbachev tear down this wall!
• 2. Soviet Change- Glasnost/Perestroyka
• - Gorbachevs attempt to open Soviet
  society
• DESTROYED IT! SYSTEM WAS CORRUPT!!

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OBJ 6 Cont

• 3. Iron Curtain Falls! (E. Europe Free)
• Soviets do not react (Had in
  past-Hungary)
• - Bush as President
• 4. NOV. 9, 1989 Berlin Wall Falls
• NO ONE EXPECTS IT
• Competition Allied Countries- Domino Theory
• Ideology- Communism v. Capitalism Science-
  Space Race Technology- Cars/Military Sports?-
  Olympics