??????? (RVF: Rift Valley fever) ????

1
??????? (RVF Rift Valley fever) ????
???????????????????????????????
????????????(Aedes??Culex???)?????????????????????
???????????????????100???????????????90??????20
60????????????1030??????????100???????????????
???(Abortion Storm)???????? ??????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????25???
?????????????????????????????????????27??????????
????????20.5???????????????????????????????????
????????????1?????????????????????50????
??????? (RVF) ???(?? ?? ???)
2
???????????(RVFV)???
RVFV??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????RVFV??????????4???4????????????????56
?3???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????3?????????????????????
??
???????????????? Rift Valley fever virus
???????RNA????????????????
3
1931? ???????????????????????? 1950-1951?
????10?????????? 1977-1978? ?????????????????????
???2550????????????????2???????600???????(???3)
?1987? ?????????????????????????????1990-1991?
??????????????????1997? ?????????????????????????
??????????350400?????????80???????
?????????????
?????
2000? ?????????????????????736?????????????????106
???????????????????????????????????????????????108
7?????121??????????75(815?)?????(?????????????)??
????????
4
WHO???2000????RVF????????
????? ??????? RVF???
WHO Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
(EPR)
5
OIE???20002004????????RVF?????
2000
2001
2002
2000???????????RVF????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
2003
2004
OIE Geographical Distribution of List A Diseases
6
????????12?????????????
??????????????????????OIE?????????????????????????

Nugal Valley(2004) ??????80 ?????????50
Puntland(2003) ????5
Somaliland(2001) ????2
Veterinary Microbiology 121 (2007) 249256
7
???? ???? ???
2006??????
?????? ????? ???35? ???1112?
??? ???????? ????????? ??/?? ????? ?????????
?????
2004?
???????
????
????
?????
??????
???
??????
?????
????
??????
8
Rift Valley
?????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????
??????
?????
??????
????
???????(NASA)
?????????
9
????? ????????? (Aedes?) ? ????????
???(Culex)??????(Anopheles)????(Stegomyia)?
????(Mansonia)?Eremopodite???? ????? Culicodies
spp.???????? ?????????????????? ????????????????
?????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????
???????????????????
???????????????
??????????????????????Aedes??1 ???????????????????
??????????????46???????2?????????????????????????
????????????????????
10
?????? ????? ??? 35? ??? 1112?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
???????
???? ????
11
????? ??(??????)???????(????????)?????(???)????(?
?????????)????????? (??????)??(??)????????????????
???????RVF???????
???????????????
??? 100
???????????
?????????
?? ????
?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????
??? ?? ?? ??
?? ??? ??? ??
?? ?? ?? ??
???? ??? ??
Rift Valley fever (Power point)
????????
12
RVF????? ???????????????????????????????????? 5
6????????100??????? ??????????????????????? ???
????????(???????)? ????????? ???????????????? 8
16????????
????????
13
RVF??????????????????????4?????????????????? ???
10??????????????????????????2024???????? ??
41.542???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????310??????????????????????????????????????
???? ??? ?????????????????????????????????37????
??????????????????68????????????????? ???
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
??????????????????
14
????? ?????? ?????????????
??? ???????????
????? ??????????
??? ?????????? ??????????????
15
RVF????? ?????????????????????????? ??????.
???????????. ????????????. ?????????????. ?????
????. ???????. ???????????????????????.
??????????????
????????
???????????
16
????????
????
?? ???? ?????
?
?????????
????
??
??????
??? (Aedes spp.)
??????????????
17
???????????????????????????
?? ???(????????) ????? ????
??? 684? 155? 2006?11?30?2007?3?12?
???? 114? 51? 2006?12?19?2007?2?20?
????? 264? 109? 2007?1?13?5?3?
22.6
44.7
41.2
???
???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
?(IDSR Integrated Disease Surveillance and
Response Program)?????????RVF?????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
18
???
WHO Weekly epidemiological record. 2007, 82
No person-to-person transmission of Rift Valley
fever virus has been documented, especially when
standard health-care precautions are applied, but
the risk of transmission from infected blood or
tissue exists for people caring for infected
patients during an outbreak. ????????????????!
?????????114???????58????????910???????????????
??????????????
12?
1?
2?
20062007?????????RVF????? ?????
19
???????????230????140?(61)???????2130??????? ???
???????66??2/3???????????????????????2???????????
?????????????(72)?????100m?????(70)????????(67)
?????????(59)????????(50)???????(50)??????(42)
??????9????????????????
MMWR(CDC) Rift Valley Fever Outbreak Kenya,
November 2006-January 2007
20
??????????????? WHO 2007?11?22?
?????????2?????221??????????2007?11?21???????161??
??RVF??436???????????????????????3??????15???????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
??????????-?????? WHO 2008?4?18?
???????????2008?4?17?????17?????(???4)???418?????
??????????????? ???????????????WHO????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????(Global
Outbreak Alert and Response Network)??????????????
???59?????????????
21
???????
OIE???????????
???
???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????
???
????
?????
??????
???
2006 712
2007 16
??????????????????????????????????????
????
??????
2007 712
2008 16
Disease distribution maps
?????
22
??????????????????! ??????????????????
Gambia, Senegal, Mauritania, Namibia, South
Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya,
Sudan, Egypt, Madagascar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
?????????? ??????????
????????????????????????????????????????
Botswana, Angola, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria, Central
African Republic, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso,
Mali, Guinea, Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda, Ethiopia,
Somalia
23
???????????????????(????????)
??
????
???()
??
??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????
?? ?? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
5085 50 3070 ?9 515 180 1520 250 01
??????????????????????

????????????? ??????(????????) ??????????????? ?
?????????????? ???????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
?
???????? IDWR ????? ??
Infection control for viral haemorrhagic fevers
in the African health care setting