PE I: Health

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PE I Health Day Four Preventing Violence
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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?

• What does violence look like?
• In the space provided draw a picture of violence.
  Use images from your own life, your community,
  the media (TV, Video Games etc.), stories and any
  other source of violence.
• Be sure to make a drawing that uses the whole
  page.
• If there is anything that I may not understand,
  label and describe what is going on.

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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?

• Answer the following questions in the space
  provided
• Describe your drawing. What is in it? What do
  these things mean? Where does your drawing take
  place?
• Are the people in your drawing happy? Why or why
  not?
• What do you think causes violence?
• Is violence a good thing or a bad thing? Explain
  why you believe this to be true.
• How can you prevent violence?
• How does Violence Start?

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Section 7.1
What Is Violence?
Objectives
Describe all of the costs related to violence.
Identify five risk factors for violence.
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Myth Most acts of violence are committed by
strangers, often as part of robberies or other
crimes.
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Violence and Health

• Violence is the threat of or actual use of
  physical force against oneself or another person.

• Homicide is the intentional killing of one
  personby another.

• Other examples of violence are suicide and rape.

• In one recent year in the United States there were

• 14,504 deaths by homicide

• 31,655 deaths by suicide

• 95,136 reported rapes of women

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• Compare and Contrast
• What are three things the countries with high
  homicide rates have in common?
• ___________________
• ___________________
• ___________________
• What are three things the countries with low
  homicide rates have in common?
• ____________________
• ____________________
• ____________________
• Based on these commonalities, if you were working
  to prevent homicides in one of these countries,
  what would you do?

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Costs to the Victim

• The victim is the person who is attacked.

• Costs to the victim include

• death

• serious permanent injuries

• emotional scars

• anger, fear, and depression

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Costs to the Assailant

• An assailant is a person who attacks another
  person.

• Costs to the assailant include

• may be seriously injured in a fight

• serious permanent injuries

• may feel guilt or shame

• may face criminal charges

• court costs

• lawyers fees

• possible jail time

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Costs to Society

• It costs the healthcare system about 6 billion
  dollars a year.

• Taxpayers also must pay for law enforcement,
  courts, and prisons.

• There are emotional costs to society.

• A fear of violence controls many day-to-day
  decisions.

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WorkKeys Math
Using the homicide rates by country table,
about how many times greater is the homicide rate
in the Philippines than the United States?
Homicide rate in the Philippines
 
Homicide rate in the US
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Risk Factors for Violence

• These risk factors are

• poverty

• family violence

• exposure to media violence

• availability of weapons

• drug abuse

• membership in gangs

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Poverty

• People may feel hopeless when they dont have

• jobs

• adequate food

• health care

• respect from others

• The rate of violence is highest in poor urban
  communities where unemployment rates are high.

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Family Violence

• Children who grow up in violent homeswho witness
  violence or are victims of violenceare more apt
  to use violence to solve their own problems.

• Children can learn to avoid violence if adults
  dont use violence to solve their own problems or
  to discipline children.

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Media Violence

• The media uses the excitement provided by
  violence to keep you glued to the screen.

• Violence in the world beyond television and the
  movies creates more problems than it solves.

• Peoples attitudes and behavior can be shaped by
  the violence they see in the media.

• Some types of music and music videos can make
  people think that violence toward women is
  acceptable.

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Violence in Video Games
While playing violent video games, players often
take on the role of assailants. What effect might
identifying with an assailant have on players?
Studies have linked violent video games to an
increase in a players level of aggression. Use
this checklist to evaluate the content of a video
game.
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Is performing violent acts necessary to win the
game?
Is the effect of the violence on the victim
ignored?
Are women depicted as sexual objects?
Does the video game package use violence to make
the game look exciting?
Does the video game have a mature or adults only
rating?
Two or more Yes answers indicate a video game
with a high level of violent content.
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Violence in Video Games
Look at the packaging for a few video games that
have a mature rating. Is violence used to sell
these games? Provide some examples to support
your answer. Do the text and visuals make
youwant to play the game?
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Availability of Weapons

• In the United States, guns are used in the
  majority of homicides and suicides.

• Every 14 minutes someone in the United States
  dies from a gunshot wound.

• Armed victims are twice as likely to be killed by
  an assailant as are unarmed victims.

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Drug Abuse

• Alcohol use increase the risk of violence.

• Alcohol affects the brain, clouding a persons
  judgment.

• Drugs other than alcohol are also linked to
  violence.
• Why?

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Membership in Gangs

• The term gang is used to describe a variety of
  groups, from loose bands of rowdy teens to
  criminal organizations.

• Gang members are often subject to significant
  peer pressure.

• Territorial gangs are groups that are organized
  to control a specific neighborhood or turf.

• Most territorial gangs sell drugs and many are
  involved in other criminal behaviors.

• New members may be forced to commit a crime, such
  as robbery, kidnapping, rape, or murder.

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Vocabulary
violence
The threat of or actual use of physical force
against oneself or another person.
homicide
The intentional killing of one person by another.
victim
The person who is attacked during a violent act.
assailant
A person who attacks another person.
territorial gang
A group that is organized to control a specific
neighborhood or turf.
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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?
Book Work Time!
Chapter 7, Section 1 describes what violence is,
how it affects health and the risk factors for
violence. Read, complete the note taking guide
and section quiz.
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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?

• Using what youve learned complete the graphic
  organizer to describe which risk factor is most
  important predictor of violent behavior.

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The most important risk factor is
One reason why is
Another reason why is
A Third reason why is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
A detail about this is
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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?

• Read the following news article. Answer the
  questions afterward
• Kwame Kilpatrik Former Mayor of Detroit

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PE I Health Day Four What is Violence?

• What are the physical costs to the victim?
• What are the potential emotional costs to the
  victim?
• What are the monetary costs to the victim/
  victims family?
• What are the physical costs to the assailant?
• What are the potential emotional costs to the
  assailant?
• What are the monetary costs to the assailant?

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Mediating a Conflict
From time to time you may be asked / forced to
act as a mediator between two people in conflict.
During this exercise you will practice, with a
partner, how to mediate a conflict using the six
following steps.
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Mediating a Conflict
Emphasize your neutrality.

• Begin the mediation session by making it clear to
  both parties that you do not have a personal
  interest in the outcome.

• Explain that you will not take sides or decide
  who is right and wrong.

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Mediating a Conflict
Establish guidelines.

• Keep everything that is said confidential.

• Be as honest as possible.

• Dont name-call or swear.

• Dont interrupt the other person.

• Take an active part in finding a solution.

• Follow through on any agreed-upon solution.

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Mediating a Conflict
Ask each person to state his or her view.

• Allow each person to speak without interruption.
  

• Listen actively.

• Dont go on to the next person until you really
  understand the first persons position.

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Mediating a Conflict
Identify each persons goal.

• Try to figure out what principle, or goal, is
  driving each persons position.

• Remember that what a person truly cares about may
  not be what the person says he or she cares about.

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Mediating a Conflict
Explore possible solutions.

• If the participants seem relaxed, ask them to
  work together to brainstorm a list of possible
  solutions.

• If the participants are tense or hostile, help
  them explore solutions one at a time.

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Mediating a Conflict
Dont give up.

• Focus on what the parties agree on.

• Keep the participants involved in the process.

• If you are unable to find an agreeable solution,
  ask for help from an adult who has the respect
  and trust of both participants.

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Section 7.2
Violence In Schools
Objectives
Explain the relationship between harassment and
the use of weapons in school.
Describe effective ways to reduce bullying,
hazing, sexual harassment, and hate violence in
schools.
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Health Stats The graph shows data on high school
students concerns about safety at school.
What do you think happened on April 20, 1999 to
make students feel less safe at school? Was the
effect temporary or permanent?
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Weapons in School

• Schools remain a safe place when compared to
  other places in society.

• Between 1983 and 2003, the number of males who
  reported carrying a weapon to school dropped from
  18 percent to 9 percent.

• The number of females carrying weapons dropped
  from 5 percent to 3 percent.

• Harassment is unwanted remarks or actions that
  cause a person emotional or physical harm.

• Students who use weapons at school often are
  acting on the rage they feel as victims of
  harassment.

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Bullying

• Bullying is the use of threats or physical force
  to intimidate and control another person.

• The bully may use name calling and put-downs.

• He or she may shove or trip the victim.

• The bully may pressure friends to exclude or
  isolate the victim.

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Cyber Bullying
Bullying that takes place by e-mail, instant
messaging, text messaging, or at Web sites is
called cyber bullying.
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Cause and Effects

• As a child, a bully may have learned to feel good
  at the expense of others.

• Bullying produces a climate of fear and
  disrespect at schools.

• The most effective way to stop bullying is to get
  bystanders involved.

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Hazing
Hazing is requiring a person to do degrading,
risky, or illegal acts in order to join a group.
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Gender and Hazing

• Almost half of all high school students on school
  teams or clubs report being hazed.

• Male teens are more likely to report being beaten.

• Female teens are more likely to report emotional
  abuse.

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Preventing Hazing

• In most states, hazing is illegal at both high
  schools and colleges.

• School administrators and teachers need to take
  the lead in the prevention of hazing.

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Sexual Harassment

• Sexual harassment is any uninvited and unwelcome
  sexual remark or sexual advance.

• Some examples of sexual harassment include

• making comments about a persons body parts

• unwanted touching

• spreading rumors about someones sexual behavior

• telling crude jokes

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What Schools Must Do

• Sexual harassment in schools is illegal.

• The administration at a school is required by law
  to respond quickly and forcefully when students
  complain about sexual harassment.

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What You Can Do

• Speak up assertively.

• Use your refusal skills.

• Avoid having to be alone with someone youdont
  trust.

• Report behavior that you think is sexual
  harassment.

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Hate Violence

• Hate violence is speech or behavior that is aimed
  at a person or group based on personal
  characteristics.

• A person might be targeted because of race,
  ethnicity, gender, or religion.

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Prejudice and Intolerance

• Prejudice is negative feelings about a group
  based on stereotypes.

• A stereotype is an exaggerated belief or
  overgeneralization about an entire group of
  people.

• Prejudice can lead to intolerance.

• Intolerance is a lack of acceptance of another
  persons opinions, beliefs, or actions.

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Discrimination

• Frequently, intolerance leads to discrimination.

• Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a
  person or group based on prejudice.

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Reducing Intolerance
The most effective way to deal with violence
based on hate is through education.
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Vandalism
Vandalism is intentionally damaging or destroying
another persons property.
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Vocabulary
harassment
Unwanted remarks or actions that cause a person
emotional or physical harm.
bullying
The use of threats or physical force to
intimidate and control another person.
cyber bullying
Bullying that takes place by e-mail, instant
messaging, text messaging, or at Web sites.
hazing
Requiring a person to do degrading, risky, or
illegal acts in order to join a group.
sexual harassment
Any uninvited and unwelcome sexual remark or
sexual advance.
hate violence
Speech or behavior that is aimed at a person or
group based on personal characteristics.
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Vocabulary
prejudice
Negative feelings about a group based on
stereotypes.
stereotype
An exaggerated belief or overgeneralization about
an entire group of people.
intolerance
A lack of acceptance of another persons
opinions, beliefs, or actions.
discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or group based
on prejudice.
vandalism
Intentionally damaging or destroying another
persons property.
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PE I Health Day Four Violence in Schools

• Read the following data and answer the questions
  in your packet

• Does bullying increase or decrease as student get
  older?
• Why does this happen?
• How does the victim change as they get older?
• How does the assailant change as they get older?

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PE I Health Day Four Violence in Schools

• Write a medium (8-10 sentences) paragraph
  describing a time when youve been bullied, or a
  time when youve seen bullying.
• Be sure to describe the situation, what happened
  and why it happened.
• Describe how you felt during and afterwards.
• Tell how the bullying stopped, if it did.
• If the bullying happened at school, describe how
  the school staff reacted.

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PE I Health Day Four Violence in Schools
Book Work Time!
Chapter 7, Section 2 describes violence in
school, and specifically bullying. Read this
chapter, take notes and answer the questions
(1-6) on page 173
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PE I Health Day Four Violence in Schools

• Cyberbullying answer the following questions in
  your packet
• What is cyberbullying?
• How is cyberbullying different than traditional
  bullying
• In a short (4-5 sentences) paragraph tell which
  type of bullying you believe to be more severe.
  Be sure to include why you believe this using
  support from the book.

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PE I Health Day Four Violence in Schools

• School proposal Reducing Violence
• Write a short proposal describing one specific
  program that the school could implement to help
  reduce school violence in general, and reduce
  bullying specifically.
• Be sure to describe who, what, where, when and
  why.
• Your proposal should be 8-10 sentences long. Use
  diagrams and pictures if necessary.

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Boys Town Skill
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Mediating a Conflict
Emphasize your neutrality.

• Begin the mediation session by making it clear to
  both parties that you do not have a personal
  interest in the outcome.

• Explain that you will not take sides or decide
  who is right and wrong.

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Mediating a Conflict
Establish guidelines.

• Keep everything that is said confidential.

• Be as honest as possible.

• Dont name-call or swear.

• Dont interrupt the other person.

• Take an active part in finding a solution.

• Follow through on any agreed-upon solution.

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Mediating a Conflict
Ask each person to state his or her view.

• Allow each person to speak without interruption.
  

• Listen actively.

• Dont go on to the next person until you really
  understand the first persons position.

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Mediating a Conflict
Identify each persons goal.

• Try to figure out what principle, or goal, is
  driving each persons position.

• Remember that what a person truly cares about may
  not be what the person says he or she cares about.

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Mediating a Conflict
Explore possible solutions.

• If the participants seem relaxed, ask them to
  work together to brainstorm a list of possible
  solutions.

• If the participants are tense or hostile, help
  them explore solutions one at a time.

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Mediating a Conflict
Dont give up.

• Focus on what the parties agree on.

• Keep the participants involved in the process.

• If you are unable to find an agreeable solution,
  ask for help from an adult who has the respect
  and trust of both participants.

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PE I Health Day Four How Fights Start

• Answer the following Advice line writer
• Dear Advice line,
• Everyday when I go to school theres a guy that
  whispers loser as I walk by. This makes me
  angry and I really want to fight him. What should
  I do?
• What should this student do? Write a short
  paragraph (4-5 sentences) about what this person
  should do.

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Section 7.3
How Fights Start
Objectives
Explain how anger and a desire for revenge can
lead to fights.
Describe the role that friends and bystanders
play in fights.
Explain the relationship between a need for
control and violence.
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Dear Advice Line, Theres a guy at school who
whispers loser every time he sees me in the
hall. I know this guy is a jerk, so I ignore him.
My friends think I should insult him back.
Do you agree with this students response? Why or
why not? What if the insults were shouted, not
whispered?
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Arguments

• Anger is at the root of most arguments and of
  many fights.

• About 40 of all homicides stem directly from
  arguments.

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Anger

• The body reacts to anger the same way it does to
  stress.

• Physical changes include tensed muscles, and
  increased heart and breathing rates.

• You can control your overall reaction to anger.

• By choosing not to fight, you do not let the
  other person control you.

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Hurt Pride and Embarrassment

• It is not surprising that hurt pride and
  embarrassment lead to fighting.

• When your pride is hurt or you become
  embarrassed, you may become angry.

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Revenge

• The desire for revenge leads to a dangerous cycle
  of fighting.

• In cases where revenge is the motive for a fight,
  the fighting can quickly escalate or grow more
  intense.

• Revenge is a common motive in fights between
  territorial gangs.

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Peer Pressure
It is often more difficult for a person to avoid
a fight when friends or bystanders are present.
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The Role of Friends

• Friends who urge you to fight are acting as
  instigators.

• Instigators are people who encourage fighting
  between others while staying out of the fight
  themselves.

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Control

• One persons desire to have control over another
  is the main reason for domestic violence and
  dating violence.

• There are laws that protect women in abusive
  relationships.

• There are also groups that try to help abusers
  learn to control their violent behavior.

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Vocabulary
escalate
To grow more intense.
instigator
A person who encourages fighting between others
while staying out of the fight himself or herself.
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PE I Health Day Four How Fights Start
Book Work Time!
Read Chapter 7, Section 3 to learn more about how
fights start. Take notes and complete the
questions (1-8) on page 177
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PE I Health Day Four How Fights Start

• Complete a risk/ benefit chart for fighting in
  school
• After completing your chart answer the following
  question Is it worth it to fight in school?

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PE I Health Day Four Bystanders

• After reading chapter 7, section 3 answer the
  following questions
• Why do bystanders affect peoples behavior so
  much?
• Should people act different when others are
  watching? Why or why not?
• If you are a bystander do you have a
  responsibility to try and stop a fight? Why or
  why not?

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PE I Health Day Four How Fights Start

• In the space provided make your own diagram for
  the cycle of revenge.
• After you make your diagram write a short
  paragraph (4-5 sentences) describing why the
  cycle of revenge is so dangerous.

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PE I Health Day Four Peace Maker Quiz

• Rate yourself on a scale of 1 (never) to 5
  (always)
• When you are angry with someone, do you talk to
  the person in private where you cannot be
  overheard?
• When you are angry, do you avoid using insults or
  name-calling?
• Do you apologize when you do or say something
  hurtful?
• When you know a fight is brewing do you avoid the
  area?
• Do you avoid spreading rumors?

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Section 7.4
Preventing Fights
Objectives
Describe two general approaches for resolving
conflicts.
Explain why safety should be a persons first
concern in any conflict.
List how to confront a person wisely.
Identify ways to help others avoid fighting.
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Quick Quiz For each statement, rate yourself on
this scale.
When I am upset with someone, I talk to the
person in private where we cannot be overheard.
When I am angry, I avoid using insults or
name-calling.
I apologize when I do or say something hurtful.
I apologize when I do or say something hurtful.
I avoid spreading rumors.
The higher your total score, the better your
skills as a peacemaker. In which area would you
most want to improve? Explain.
Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.
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Choosing Not to Fight
Once you recognize that a conflict exists, there
are two general approaches you can take.

• you can ignore the conflict

• you can confront the person

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Ignoring a Conflict

• Some people think that ignoring a conflict is a
  sign of cowardice.

• It is actually a sign of maturity and
  self-control.

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Be Flexible

• Deciding to ignore the conflict could make the
  other person angrier.

• Be prepared to try a new tactic if ignoring the
  conflict could make things worse.

• In deciding how to deal with any conflict, your
  safety should always be your first concern.

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Learn to Control Your Anger

• Learning to control your anger is an important
  skill to master if you want to avoid conflicts.

• If you are not satisfied with the way you now
  deal with anger, many people can help you.

• parents

• teachers

• coaches

• school counselors

• members of the clergy

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Confronting a Person Wisely
To confront a person wisely, you need to

• choose the right time and place

• stay calm

• negotiate a solution

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Choose the Time and Place Carefully

• When you need to confront a person, pick a time
  when you can talk face-to-face.

• It is best to meet in a public area.

• If you suspect the other person is under the
  influence of drugs, postpone your discussion.

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Stay Calm

• People have different techniques for keeping calm
  under pressure.

• Rehearse the confrontation beforehand.

• Use deep breathing or count to 20.

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Negotiate a Solution

• Communication style can affect the outcome.

• Do the Unexpected If, instead of being hostile,
  you are friendly, confident, and caring, the
  other person may relax his or her guard.

• Provide a Way Out Present the other person with
  compromise solutions that you both can live with.

• Be Willing to Apologize Sometimes a sincere
  apology can be the quickest way to defuse the
  situation.

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Helping Others to Avoid Fights
You can help prevent fighting through

• mediation

• your role as a bystander

• involving an adult

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Mediation
A process for resolving conflicts that involves a
neutral third party is called mediation.
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Your Role as a Bystander

• As a bystander, you can use the following
  strategies to show your disapproval of fighting
  as a way to resolve conflicts.

• Ignore those people who make negative remarks
  about other people.

• Refuse to spread rumors.

• Do not relay a threat or insult from one person
  to another.

• Stay away from any area where you expect a fight
  could take place.

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When to Involve an Adult

• If a friend reveals plans of violence to you, it
  is important to ask for help.

• It is never easy to break a friends confidence.

• Nevertheless, it is critical to share your
  friends plans for violence with a trusted adult.

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Vocabulary
mediation
A process for resolving conflicts that involves a
neutral third party.
101
PE I Health Day Four Hanlon's Razor

• Hanlons Razor is a philosophical principal that
  says
• Never attribute to malice that which can be
  adequately explained by stupidity
• How can this help people not get into fights,
  especially in crowded places like a school?

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PE I Health Day Four Preventing Fights
Book Work Time!
Read Chapter 7, Section 4 to learn about how to
prevent fights. Take notes and complete the
questions (1-7) on page 184
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PE I Health Day Four Chapter 7 Review

• Complete the chapter 7 review on page 186
  (questions 1-18)
• Work in small groups (2-ish)

105
PE I Health Day Four Unit One Test Review

• You have this time to study for your unit test.
  Use your notes, your packets and your book. If
  you would like to work in a small group you may.
• Your test will be graded on a curve. This means
  that the total percent will be based on the
  highest number of correct answers. For example
• Highest grade- 95/100
• Your grade- 80/100
• Your percentage (80/95)10084.2

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PE I Health Day Four Unit One Test

• Test Rules
• One person per desk, use the cubbys for more
  space.
• No notes, books, etc
• You may wear headphones, as long as they cannot
  be heard by anyone else.
• I will collect all the tests at once. When you
  finish double check your answers and relax till
  the test is over.
• You will have 45 minutes to complete the test.