Taxonomy

1
Taxonomy

• Environmental Ed. 1

2
Taxonomy

• The science of naming and classifying organisms.

3
Linnaean taxonomy

• Named after Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus
• Classifies organisms based on their physical and
  structural similarities
• Uses Binomial Nomenclature

4
Binomial Nomenclature

• System that gives each species a two-part
  scientific name using Latin words.
• First part genus
• Second part species
• Ex Puma concolor

5

• Common name mountain lion, cougar, puma
• Scientific name Puma Concolor

6
Linnaeus Classification System Has 7 Levels

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

7
Linnaean Classification System
8
If two species belong to the same order, what
other levels in the Linnaean system must they
have in common?

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

9
If two species belong to the same order, what
other levels in the Linnaean system must they
have in common?

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• ANSWER Kingdom, Phylum, Class

10
What limitations may the Linnaean system have?

• This system focuses on physical similarities
  alone
• Before technology allowed us to study organisms
  at the molecular level.
• Does not account for similarities that evolved
  through convergent evolution.

11
EX the Red Panda which is more closely related
to raccoons than Giant Pandas.
12
Cladistics

• Classification based on common ancestry
• Uses evidence from living species, the fossil
  record, and molecular data
• Phylogeny evolutionary history for a group of
  species.

13
Cladogram

• An evolutionary tree that proposes how species
  may be related to each other through common
  ancestors.

14
Animal Diversity
15

• Each animal Phylum has a unique body plan
• Animals are grouped using a variety of criteria
• A comparison of structure and genetics reveals
  the evolutionary history of animals.

16
Vertebrates

• An animal with an internal segmented backbone
• Most obvious animals around us
• Make up less than 5 of all known animal species

17
(No Transcript)
18
Invertebrates

• Animals without a backbone
• Most are not closely related to each other

19
(No Transcript)
20
Phylum Chordata

• Contains all vertebrates and some invertebrates
• Vertebrates large, active animals that have a
  well-developed brain encased in a hard skull.
• Tunicates urochordates, including both
  free-swimming and sessile animals such as sea
  squirts.
• Lancelets cephalochordates, small eel-like
  animals that are commonly found in shallow
  tropical oceans.

21
Tunicates
22
Lancelets
23
Chordates share 4 common features- at some stage
of development

1. Notochord flexible skeletal support rod embedded
   in the animals back.
2. Hollow nerve chord runs along the animals back
3. Pharyngeal slits through the body wall in the
   pharynx. Water can enter the mouth and leave
   without passing through the entire digestive
   system.
4. Tail contains segments of muscle tissue used for
   movement.

24
Endoskeleton

• An internal skeleton built of bone or cartilage

25
Vertebrate Classes

• Agnatha
• Chondrichthyes
• Osteichthyes
• Amphibia
• Reptilia
• Aves
• Mammalia

26
Class Agnatha

• Oldest class of vertebrates
• Jawless animals
• Include lampreys, a type of fish

27
Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilaginous fish
• Animals include sharks, rays and chimeras

28
Class Osteichthyes

• Bony Fish
• Have skeletons made of bone

29
Class Amphibia

• First vertebrates adapted to live both in water
  and on land
• Include salamanders, frogs, toads, and caecilians

30
Class Reptilia

• Able to retain moisture, lets them live
  exclusively on land.
• Produce eggs
• Include snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators,
  and turtles

31
Class Aves

• Birds
• Presence of feathers

32
Class Mammalia

• Animals that have hair, mammary glands, and three
  middle ear bones.