Family Resemblances

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Family Resemblances

• Why do siblings often look alike?

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Family Resemblances

• Why do siblings often look alike?

• Why do children often look like their parents?

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Family Resemblances

• Why do siblings often look alike?

• Why do children often look like their parents?

• Do parents physically give their offspring their
• characteristics?

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Family Resemblances

• Why do siblings often look alike?

• Why do children often look like their parents?

• Do parents physically give their offspring their
• characteristics?

• How do genes actually work?

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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
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Biomolecules
Glucose
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates (sugars)
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
An Enzyme
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids DNA RNA ATP
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids Comprised of a) sugar b)
Phosphate Group c) A Base
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Biomolecules
Four classes of biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids Comprised of a) sugar b)
Phosphate Group c) A Base
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Nucleic Acids- Introduction

• Nucleic Acids store and transmit
• hereditary information
• DNA- Stores the information in a genetic code
• RNA carries the information to the protein
• synthesizing machinery

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Structure of DNA/RNA (1)

• Three Components
• Phosphate Group
• Pentose Sugar
• Nitrogenous base

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Structure of DNA/RNA (2)
Phosphate Group Structure is constant
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Structure of DNA/RNA (3)
Deoxyribose and Ribose are both 5 carbon sugars
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Structure of DNA/RNA (4)
Deoxyribose and Ribose are both 5 carbon sugars
What is the difference between them?
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Structure of DNA/RNA (5)
Deoxyribose and Ribose are both 5 carbon sugars
What is the difference between them?
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Structure of DNA/RNA (6)
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Structure of DNA/RNA (7)
Nitrogenous Bases
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Structure of DNA/RNA (8)
You need to remember these!
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Structure of DNA/RNA (8)
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Structure of DNA/RNA (9)
As a unit, these three components make up
one monomer.
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A Quick Aside (but an important one)
What is a monomer?
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A Quick Aside (but an important one)
What is a monomer? A monomer is an individual
unit that acts as a building block for large
biological molecules Monomers are nearly
identical units
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A Quick Aside (but an important one)
What is a monomer? A monomer is an individual
unit that acts as a building block for large
biological molecules Monomers are nearly
identical What is a polymer?
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A Quick Aside (but an important one)
What is a monomer? A monomer is an individual
unit that acts as a building block for large
biological molecules Monomers are nearly
identical units What is a polymer? A polymer
is large molecule made up many small monomers.
Think of a chain.
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Polymers are linked by Covalent Bonds
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Polymers are linked by Covalent Bonds
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So What?
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So What?
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DNA/RNA are Polymers of Nucleotides


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A DNA Strand!
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Two DNA Strands!
The sequence of nitrogenous bases is the code of
DNA
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Base Pairing
Cytosine Guanine
Adenine Thymine
The sequence of nitrogenous bases is the code of
DNA
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Base Pairing
Cytosine Guanine
Adenine Thymine
The sequence of nitrogenous bases is the code of
DNA
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Reminder

• Purines
• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)

• Pyrimidines
• Cytosine (C)
• Thymine (T)
• Uracil (U)
• (In RNA only)

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Reminder

• Purines
• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)

• Pyrimidines
• Cytosine (C)
• Thymine (T)
• Uracil (U)
• (In RNA only)

Pairing
Lets come up with a pneumonic
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The Double Helix
This shows two strands of DNA in the form in
which DNA is present within cells.
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The Double Helix
This shows two strands of DNA in the form in
which DNA id present within cells. Within all
of your cells (almost).
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DNA Structure
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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide
• 4) Define monomer and polymer

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide
• 4) Define monomer and polymer
• 5) What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide
• 4) Define monomer and polymer
• 5) What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
• 6) What is one difference between DNA and RNA?

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide
• 4) Define monomer and polymer
• 5) What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
• 6) What is one difference between DNA and RNA?
• 7) What type of reaction occurs to allow monomers
  of nucleotides to form polymers?
• Draw out an example.

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Review

• Name the four classes of biomolecules
• Give an example of each
• 2) Explain why offspring look like parents
• 3) Define nucleotide
• 4) Define monomer and polymer
• 5) What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
• 6) What is one difference between DNA and RNA?
• 7) What type of reaction occurs to allow monomers
  of nucleotides to form polymers?
• Draw out an example.
• 8) What shape does DNA take in your cells?

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More Review

• 1) Name the Purines.

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More Review

1. Name the Purines.
2. Name the Pyrimidines.

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More Review

• Name the Purines.
• Name the Pyrimidines.
• What base pairs with Cytosine?
• What base pairs with Thymine?