COSMETOLOGY:

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COSMETOLOGY THE HISTORY AND
OPPORTUNITIES
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What is a Cosmetologist?
In your group, list all of the qualities and
skills that you believe are required of a
cosmetologist.
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DID YOUR GROUP GUESS
Advise giver Professional expert in practical
skills areas Artistic Designer Creator Trustworthy
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Businessperson Self-promoter Poised and well
groomed Effective communicator Being current with
trends and technologies Good listener
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In your group, list on flip chart paper all of
the occupations you believe are included in the
Cosmetology profession. For some, you will need
to think outside of the box
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Add I am responsible for my own education
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Cosmetology includes hairstyling nail
technology esthetics
Curly-hairstyles.blogspot.com Caofb.com/esthetics
Coolnaolsart.com/bubbles
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Cosmetology
Greek word kosmetikos Means skilled in the use
of cosmetics
Barber Latin word barba Means the beard or the
hair of the beard.
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Review
1. What services can a cosmetologist perform? 2.
List four qualities a cosmetologist should
have.
3. Explain the origin of the word cosmetology
. (Include detail)
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Archeological studies Reveal that
haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as
early as the glacial age

• Implements Used
• Sharpened flints
• Oyster shells
• Bone
• Animal sinew
• Strips of hide

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Color matter made from

Berries Bark of trees
Minerals Insects
Nuts Herbs
Leaves And other materials
Danielmeissler.com Takegreatpictures.com
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Ancient Egyptians

• The first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant
  fashion
• Barbers serviced the nobility
  and the priesthood over 6,000 years ago

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Charismaallover.wordpress.com Sheniquemag.blogspot
.com
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• first to use
• cosmetics as part of their personal
  beautification habits
• in religious ceremonies
• preparing the deceased for burial

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3000 B.C. minerals, insects, and berries to
create makeup henna to stain the hair and
nails first to use essential oils
Mnsu.edu Womensnet.com/about hair
history Americanaromatherapy.com
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• created kohl makeup
• mixture of ground galena (a black mineral)
• sulfur
• animal fat

Makeupweb.guide.com
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• used to heavily line the eyes
• alleviate eye inflammations
• protect the eyes from the glare of the sun
• In ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders
  stained their nails and lips in matching colors
  before important battles

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• Chinese
• 1600 B.C. aristocrats
• rubbed tinted mixtures onto their nails
• turned crimson or ebony
• 1100 B.C.
• gold and silver were royal colors
• commoners caught wearing a royal nail color
  faced a punishment of death

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Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved
their hair by applying a mixture of soil and
water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around
crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun
In Africa, hair was groomed with
intricately carved combs and adorned
with beads, clay and colored bands
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FYI Prior to 3000 B.C. nail care is recorded
in Egypt and China

• color of a persons nails was a sign of rank
• high social rank red-orange henna

kings and queens deep red people
of lower rank pale colors

• in China, nails were painted red or black

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• The Greeks (500 B.C.)
• hairstyling-highly developed art
• used perfumes and cosmetics in religious rites,
  in grooming, and for medicinal purposes
• developed excellent method
• of dressing the hair and
• caring for the skin and nails

Karenswhimsy.com
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mangatutorials.com Stcatherinesprimary.co.uk Karen
swhimsy.com
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• used white lead on faces, kohl on eyes and
  vermillion on cheeks and lips
• vermillion
• bright red pigment by grinding
• cinnabar
• a mineral that is the chief source of
  mercury
• The fine powder was mixed with ointment or dusted
  on the skin in the same way as cosmetics are
  applied today

Margretshort.typepad.com
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Romans (296 B.C.)

• facials of milk, bread and fine wine were
  popular
• mixture of chalk and lead used for facial
  cosmetic

• hairstyling services introduced women used
  hair color to indicate class in society as
  follows
• - noblewomen red hair
• - middle-class women blonde
• - poor women black

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• Julius Caesar 101-44 BC
• had his face tweezed everyday
• this started a trend among
• the men of that time

www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/descent/p...
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Explore-italian-culture.com Roman-colosseum.info C
rystallyn.vox.vom Digonsite.com Eternallycool.net
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• Middle ages
• included towering headdresses, intricate
  hairstyles, and cosmetics
• around 1000 A.D. an alchemist refined the
  process of steam distillation which is still
  used to create essentials oils today
• Vocabulary word
• Alchemy-pre-scientific chemistry, usually with
  fluids, juices and the elixir of longevity.

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Usiweb.usi.edu Edarlein.deviantart.com Herstoria.c
om
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• Renaissance
• transition from medieval to modern history
• shaved eyebrows and hairline-thought to give
  the women a look of greater intelligence
• highly colored cosmetics were
• discouraged.

Wholesale.garison.com
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Press.princeton.edu Abeautyglorious.blogspot.com 2
.ivcc.rdu
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Barbering and Medicine
The Barber Pole-symbol of the barber-surgeon, has
its roots from the bloodletting procedure that
was once thought to strengthen the immune system

1. Pole the staff patients held a staff tightly
   in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.
2. Bottom basin basin was the vessel that caught
   the blood.

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Hillsdalebarnantiques.com Azbarberboard.us
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3. White bandages stop blood the bandages used
to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to
dry. The stained bandages would twist around
the pole forming the red/white candy-cane
pattern. Another interpretation is that the
red represented the blood, blue the veins, and
white the bandages. Barbers still use the
symbol today.
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Victorian Age

• FYI many changes in hair care
• Add Marcel Grateau invented the marcel iron
• 1875 Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developed hot
  irons for waving and curling the hair. Known
  today as marcel waving

Purespadirect.com Jiunlimites.com
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• 1892 Frenchman, Alexander F. Godefroy, invented
  a
• hot-blast hair dryer
• 1890 First hairdressing academy opening in
  Chicago by Frenchman, Bribois and Federmeyer.

Probeautykit.com
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• to preserve the health and beauty of the skin,
  women used beauty masks made from natural
  ingredients
• pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to
  colorize rather than use cosmetics

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The Twentieth Century

• shift in American attitudes caused by the movie
  industry
• viewers wanted the flawless complexions,
  beautiful hairstyles, manicured nails, changing
  the standards of feminine beauty
• beauty began to follow trends

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Vivien Leigh 1940s
Jean Harlow 1930s
Elizabeth Taylor 1950s
Newhotstuff.net
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• 1901-1910
• Max Factor began making and selling makeup to
  movie stars that would not cake or crack, even
  under the hot studio lights

Rubylane.com Onlineauction.com
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History of Permanent Waving

• 1905, Charles Nessler invented heavily wired
  machine that supplied electrical current to
  metal rods around which hair strands were
  wrapped
• units were heated
• kept away from the scalp by counterbalancing
  weights suspended from an overhead chandelier
  mounted to a stand

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Internet source
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• Two methods were used to wind hair strands around
  the metal units
• Spiral wrap long hair was wound from scalp to
  ends
• Croquignole wrap for short hair, wound from
  ends to scalp.

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Success story of the cosmetology industry
Madam C.J. Walker

• daughter of a former slave

• born Sarah Breedlove in 1867

• during the 1890s she suffered from a scalp
  condition and began to lose her hair.
• she experimented with store-bought products
  and home-made remedies

Inventors.about.com
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• invented hair grower scalp conditioner
• devised sophisticated sales and marketing
  strategies and traveled extensively giving
  product demonstrations
• built a factory, hair salon and training school
• by developing more products her empire grew

1929
www.scott.k12.va.us/rita/51757_2.JPG
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• gave time and money to organizations like NAACP
  and the YMCA
• organized the first national meetings for
  businesswomen
• pioneer of the modern black hair care and
  cosmetic industry

Scribalterror.blogs.com Urbanstages.org
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• 1920s
• cosmetic industry grew rapidly
• ads expenditures in radio alone went from
  390,000.00 to 3.2 million by the end of the
  decade

Digitalhistory.uh.edu Vintagepowderroom.com
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• 1931, preheat method was introduced-hair was
  wrapped in the croquinole method

• clamps heated by a separate electrical machine
  were place over the wound curls

Dehaarsite.nl
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• 1932, a method that used external heat generated
  by chemical reaction was introduced
• small flexible pads containing a chemical
  mixture were wound around hair strands
• pads moistened with water released a chemical
  heat creating long-lasting curls
• machineless permanent wave was born

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• 1932
• Revlon marketed the first nail polish (not
  stain) using formulas borrowed from the car
  paint industry
• dramatic shift in nail cosmetics
• array of nail lacquer colors available
• early screen stars started the trend of wearing
  these colors on their fingers and toes

Quirkyfinds.com
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• 1932-Clairol created permanent haircolor
• 1938 the cold wave was invented that used no
  machine or heat
• considered to be the precursor to the modern
  perm

Library.duke.edu Ebay.com
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• 1941, scientists developed waving lotion that
  did not require heat
• called cold wave

Modernlab.com
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• today, the term texture service is used to
  describe the variety of permanent wave services
  and straightening services available for
  different hair types and conditions

Just-hairstyles.com Hairstyles-pictures.com
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• 1951-2000
• introduction of tube mascara,
• improved hair care,
• and nail products

Southportbeautysalon.com Nailsupplywebsite.com
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• boom and death of the
• weekly salon
• appointment

Flickr.com
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• 1960s-Vidal Sassoons revolutionary geometric
  haircuts

Discoveringhair.wordpress.com Ladybear.gaia.com Ca
mpuscircle.net
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• 1970s highlighting techniques of hair weaving
  using aluminum foil

Tpcs-auction.org Zebrahairandbeauty.com
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• 1980s heavy use of eye make-up and blushand
  really BIG HAIR, just ask Mrs. Kucas
• physical fitness, nutrition, day spas

Images.mix.com Moviedearest.blogspot.com
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• 1990s haircolor became gentler, allowing
  everyone to be able to color their hair without
  breakage

Hairsandiego.com Pitchengine.com Hairstyle-blog.co
m
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1998-Creative Nail Design introduced the first
spa pedicure nail art also entered the
seen by the 1990s
Yelp.com Looklocally.com
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Nailartgallery.com Breakforfunzarke.net Kaskus.us
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• 21st Century
• gentle-no fade hair colors
• estheticians rejuvenate the face and keep
  sunspots, and mild acne under control
• specialization became popular-hair colorist,
  hair cutting specialist, nail technician, etc,
  providing a full array of services

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haircoloring in the twentieth century has
become a multibillion-dollar industry of
professional products!!!!!!!
the huge growth in day spas has also been a
significant development
the domain of cosmetology has changed
dramatically . All the new services and skills
have transformed and expanded the role of
cosmetologists, requiring them to know more than
ever and to make continuing education a necessity
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• mens-only specialty shops and barber spas have
  gained popularity, providing new opportunities
  for mens nail care specialists

Luxury-insider.com Psfk.com Reviewjournal.com
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Career Opportunities

• Haircolor specialist-perform color services.
  Work for a product manufacturer

Beautyschools.edu Beautifulhairsandiego.com
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Texture specialist perming
straightening training others work for
manufacturer
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Ehow.com Stylekandy.com Easy-hairstyles.com
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• Cutting specialist-learning various cutting
  styles and techniques
• Perfect your own skills
• Develop your own method of cutting hair
• (everyone develops their own way of cutting
  hair)

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Plumstudiossalon.com Guidespot.com
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• Salon trainer- train others
• management and interpersonal relationship
  training
• large organizations ( not limited to)

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• Distributor sales consultant-salon
• new products, new trends, and new techniques
• excellent opportunity

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Cosmetology instructor Add terms only-not
definitions
Salon stylist- performs all services offered
in a salon. Could be asked to handle any number
of tasks and duties in the salon
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Wig or extensions specialist-change the
length , texture and color by adding
extensions, through braiding, weaving, bonding,
gluing, or sewing. Wigs, especially for people
who experience hair loss. Or a mens hair
replacement specialist
Cambridge.gumtree.com Jamaica-newyork.olx.com
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Retail specialist

• handling merchandise and inventory

Thedressingroomsalon.com divasalonspa,.com
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• Skin Care Specialist/Esthetician-
• offers treatments
• makeup
• work with Dermatologists
• Many will own their own business

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Instituteofaesthetics.org Designingbeautyacademy.c
om Dominelli.com
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• Makeup artist-
• able to blend, shade, and create any image
• work with a private clientele
• makeup director for a department store
• represent a line of cosmetics
• work in TV or film, fashion magazines, theater,
  independent freelancer

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Centennialcollege.ca Flickr.com
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Nail technician-provide clients with manicures
and pedicures, nail art, artificial nail
services Day Spa stylist or technician-all
salon services plus treatments like body
massage, body wraps, hydrotherapy. A day spa
may be the ideal professional environment for
you
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Beautynewsnyc.com Funandsun.com
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• Salon manager-
• helps team members achieve their goals
• Job includes purchasing, personnel development,
  advertising, sales, budgeting, and people skills

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• Salon owner-
• responsibilities and challenges
• Sets the standard for the quality of service in
  the workplace
• make the decisions of products and services
• handle the business end, paying bills, payroll,
  taxes, etc.

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• Product educator
• Travel is a must
• Speak to groups of people

Lastheplace.com
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• Cosmetic chemist-
• cosmetic manufacturers
• consultant for several companies
• be on a panel that studies products
• Further education may be required

Lsct.com
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Session stylist-stylist for models being
photographed for magazines or books
Rheeviews.com Hji.co.uk
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Ftape.com
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Hairstylist for TV, movies, or theater work
with celebrities.
Mastionne.com Epicartistry.com
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Styles director/artistic director-works with
videographers, fashion magazines, publishing
companies
Design team member-creates presentations for
fashion shows, runway work, hair shows, etc.
On the cutting edge of fashion and design
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Platform artist-on stage, performing for
people, sharing knowledge and traveling.
Demonstrates current trends and techniques.
Salon experience is a must
Arrojostudio.com
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Competition Champion- the best display
their individual talents and techniques. Often
establishes their own salon, works as trainers,
and sets a high standard for pricing
Educator-work as an educational consultant
for a product manufacturer, educator in the
private or technical sector, school director.
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Writer-for articles, books, brochures,
produce videos. Work for a publishing company
State board member-take a proactive role in
the regulatory issues affecting the cosmetology
industry. You could also become a state board
examiner or a state board inspector
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• Salon industry grosses about 50 billion a
  year in revenue
• no limit to your possibilities
• develop your skills
• most creative and unique career

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• Salon Management
• management opportunities are diverse
• inventory manager
• department head
• special events manager
• assistant manager
• general manager

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Salon owner enroll in business classes to
learn about managing
products departments people
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Reflectionssaloninc.com Identity-uk.com
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• You must decide whether you want to work in
• Specialty salon
• Full-service salon (hair, skin, and nail
  services)
• Day spa (skin, body, nail, and hair services that
  emphasize beauty and wellness

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• focus on your studies
• subscribe and read professional publications
• become a member in trade associations
• continue your education by attending workshops
  outside of school
• your personal dedication and passion will fuel
  your career
• be excited, you are on your way!!