Section 2: Shaping the Industrial World

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Chapter 2

• Section 2 Shaping the Industrial World

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Lesson Questions

• What changes contributed to the growing power of
  Europe?
• How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe?
• What were the causes and effects of imperialism?
• How did the Cold War shape the world after WWII?

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Emergence of Europe

• 15th century (1400s)
• Portuguese King, Manuel I , funded explorer Vasco
  Da Gamas voyage to find a passage around the
  cape of Africa to India.
• Over the next 300 years European nation-states
  fought for control over Europe and lands
  overseas.
• These nations had a strong centralized government
  headed by a monarchy

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King Manuel I
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Vasco Da Gama
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Advances in Technology

• Knowledge preserved by Muslim scholars allowed
  European thinkers of the Renaissance era
  (1350A.D.-1600A.D.) to explore scientific
  studies.
• They also improved the Chinese compass for sea
  voyages and the use of gunpowder for weapons.
• Europe changed from a barter economy to a money
  economy. Therefore business ventures led to
  profits and more capital could be invested.
• Barter economies focus on trading one good for
  another, however trade via money is more flexible
  and efficient.

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Overseas Expansion

• 1492
• King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain funded
  Columbus trip to the Atlantic to find the spice
  islands of India
• However, Columbus mistakenly landed in the
  Caribbean , which lead to the discovery of two
  new continents
• Voyages like Da Gamas and Columbus caused other
  Europeans to explore beyond Europe.
• Soon Spain, England, Portugal, and France would
  have vast colonial empires.

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• Columbus
• King Ferdinand and Queen
  Isabella

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The Industrial Revolution

• The Second Agricultural Revolution crops from
  the Americas, new farming methods, and invention
  of new farm machines such as the seed drill
• (2) New systems of production -such as
  electricity and fossil fuels were used instead of
  human and animal power
• Machines replaced hand tools

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Industrialization cont.

• Factory system started in the cloth-making
  business
• Entrepreneurs people who risked their money to
  set up businesses in order to make a profit
• The Industrial revolution led to urbanization
  the growth of cities
• The movement led to improved infrastructure,
  inventions, but also worker protests

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Imperialism

• The period from 1870 1914
• Competition of foreign lands in Africa, Asia, and
  South America
• Defined as the control by one country of the
  political, economic, or cultural life of another
  country
• Europeans used their advanced technology and
  weapons to expand their power
• They changed many lands culturally through
  westernization , the adoption of western culture

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Nationalism

• Nationalism intense pride or loyalty to ones
  country
• One of the causes of WWI
• Not only seen in the west but in colonial
  possessions as well
• The 20th century has a constant theme of
  nationalism

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The Cold War

• Competition after WWII between the USA and Soviet
  Union
• Ended in the early 1990s
• The Cold war was never fought directly but
  through proxies as in Vietnam and Afghanistan