GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

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GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

• Unit 2 The Roman World

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The Origins of Rome

• The Myth
• Romulus and Remus
• Father is Mars or Hercules
• Mom is a vestal virgin
• Suckled by a wolf fed by a woodpecker
• Competition?
• The Rape of the Sabine women
• What does the myth tell us about Roman values?

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The Reality

• The Latins (from North of the Alps)
• 753 BC founding of the city of Rome
• The Etruscans (from Asia Minor)
• Arrived in 800 BC by 625 BC ruled all of Northern
  Italy (Tuscany)
• Influences on Rome
• Military org (phalanx), Weapons, Chariots,
  Engineering, Gladiators
• Greek Influences
• Greek colonists settled in the South which became
  known as Magna Graecia (Great Greece)
• Greek alphabet
• Religion (also through the Etruscans)
• Anthropomorphic gods, animal sacrifice, oracles

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Greek settlements in Italy
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The Influence of Geography

• The Alps
• Peninsula
• The Apennines
• The Tiber
• 18 miles from the sea
• The 7 hills
• pasture land and wood
• Fertile plain (good soil)

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• The 7 Hills of Rome

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The Birth of the Roman Republic

• Etruscan Domination of the City of Rome (c. 625
  BC 509 BC)
• Etruscan Kings ruled for life after the approval
  of the Senate and the citizens
• Etruscans Kings Pushed out by 509 BC due to bad
  monarchy
• In their place the Romans founded a Republic
  (Defn?)

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Roman Society

• Patricians v. Plebeians
• Patricians made up about 5-7 of population and
  were socially and legally superior
• Only patricians could become Consuls, Judges,
  Priests
• Three names (praenomen, gens, nomen)
• Citizenship and voting
• Citizenship required 2 Roman parents
• Adult male landowners (participation in army)
• The Census every 5 years you needed to register
• Censors made decisions to move people up or down
  the civic hierarchy (Patricians only)

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The Struggle of the Orders 451-265 BC

• Plebeians slowly gained more rights
• How?
• The 12 tables (451 BC)
• 10 Tribunes
• No enslavement for debt
• Marry Patricians
• Enter Priesthood
• Eventually won the right to become Consul /
  Senator

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Government of the Roman Republic
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The Roman Army

• Divided into legions of between five and six
  thousand Roman citizens
• All citizens had to serve (length of service
  varied)
• Century (80 men under the command of a
  Centurion. (Highest ranking non patrician)
• Cohorts 6 centuries (480)
• Legions 10 cohorts (4,800) Each with its own
  standard and legionary Eagles
• Auxiliary troops made up of non-citizens were
  called on to support the regular army
• Discipline Decimation

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Roman Expansion in Italy

• By 265 BC had conquered most of Italy
• Defeated the Latin League and the Greeks in the
  South
• Life under Roman Rule
• Citizenship, Municipalities, Allies by treaty,
  Garrisoned lands
• All had to acknowledge Roman superiority, pay
  taxes and supply soldiers
• Opportunity to move up and become citizens