The Elements and Principles of Art

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The Elements and Principles of Art
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The Elements of Art- components that make up an
artwork. They are......

• Line
• Shape
• Form
• Value
• Texture
• Color
• Space

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• Line can be considered in two ways. The linear
  marks made with a variety of mediums or the edge
  created when two shapes meet.

Elizabeth Catleet, Sharecropper. 1970
Gerorges Braque, Violin and Candlestick, Paris,
1910
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Shape-A shape is a self contained two-dimensional
area that is defined. Shapes are either
geometric or organic. A positive shape in a
painting automatically creates a negative shape.
Henri Matisse, Lescargot,1953
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Joan Miro, Harlequins Carnival, 1925
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Form- Objects having three dimensions. Forms are
either geometric or organic.
David Smith, Cubi IX, 1964
Georgia O'Keefe, Jack-in-the pulpit No. 5
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Value- the darkness and lightness of a color.
Rembrandt, The Night Watch, 1642
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Man Ray, Tears
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Texture- how things feel or look as if they might
feel if they were touched. Texture is perceived
by touch and sight.
Georges Seurat, A Sunday in la Grande Jatte, 1884
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Jean Arp
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Color- Derived from reflected light
Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life
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Marques Vickers
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Space-The emptiness or area between, around,
above, below, or within objects. Positive space
is the object and negative space is around the
object
Keith Haring
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The Principles of Art-How artists organize the
elements of art.

• Balance
• Variety
• Rhythm
• Emphasis
• Unity
• Proportion

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Balance-equalizing visual forces, or elements, in
a work of art. If a work has visual balance, the
viewer feels that the elements have been arranged
in a satisfying way.

• Symmetrical (formal balance)- to halves of a
  balanced composition are identical, mirror images
  of each other.
• Asymmetrical (informal balance)- unlike objects
  have equal visual weight or eye attraction.
• Radial Balance-Type of balance which forces or
  elements of design come out (radiate) from a
  central point.

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Symmetrical Balance
Egyptian Antique
Diego Rivera, Flower Day, 1925
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Asymmetrical Balance
Frida Kahlo, Frida and Diego Rivera, 1931
Bernini, David, 1623
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Radial Balance
MC Escher
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Variety-a principle of art that is concerned with
contrast or difference.
Edward Weston, Pepper no. 30, 1930
Robert Rauschenberg, Trophy II, 1960
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Frank Stella
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Rhythm-indicates movement by the repetition of
elements. Visual rhythm is perceived through the
eyes and is created by repeating positive spaces
separated by negative spaces.

• There are five types of rhythm random, regular,
  alternating, flowing, and progressive.

Flowing-created by repeating wavy lines.
Regular- identical motifs equal space
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Progressive-a change in the motif each time the
motif is repeated.
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Alternating-changing spaces or position of the
motif
Random- same motif but in no apparent order
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Emphasis-principle of design that makes one part
of a work dominant over the other parts. The
element that is noticed first is called the
dominant the elements notices later are called
subordinate.
Roy Lichtenstein
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Seymour Lipton
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Unity-The quality of wholeness or oneness that
achieved through the effective use of the
elements and principles of art. Unity is created
by simplicity, repetition, proximity, and
continuation.
Degas
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Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1958
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Proportion-Principle of art concerned with size
relationships of one part to another.
Albrecht Durer, Virgin and Child with Saint Anne,
1519
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Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen,
Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-88