Growing Tensions Between North and South

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THE NATION BREAKING APARTCh. 15
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Growing Tensions Between North and South
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North and South Take Different Paths

• Northern Economy
• Based on Industry and Commerce
• Growth of Northern Cities
• Eastern and Midwestern states develop strong ties
  

• Southern Economy
• Based on Plantation System
• Few wealthy planters controlled Southern Society
• Planters relied on exports for profit
• South had little industry

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Controversy over Territories

• California wants to come into US as a FREE state
• Would disrupt the balance of power between slave
  and free states in Congress
• Southerners wanted to divide the state into 2
  halves

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Compromise of 1850

• Proposed by Henry Clay
• 2 Main Terms

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Compromise of 1850

• California admitted as FREE state
• slave trade is abolished in Washington, D.C.
• Pleases North
• Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery
  for rest of territories won from Mexico
• pass stronger law to help slave owners recapture
  runaway slaves
• Pleases South

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Fugitive Slave Act

• Helped slave owners recapture runaway slaves
• People accused could be held without arrest
  warrant
• No right to jury trial
• Required Northerners to help recapture runaway
  slaves
• Sometimes free African Americans were captured
• Fines and jail for those who did not cooperate,
  helped slaves escape

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www.todaysmeet.com/jefferson55

• Moral Choice.
• Do I obey the law and support slavery,
• Or
• Do I break the law and oppose slavery?WHY?????????

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Portrayed the moral issues of slavery
• Book centers on main characters life under three
  owners

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Kansas-Nebraska Act (Notes)

• Background info
• Stephen Douglass drafted a bill to organize
  Nebraska territory into two territories
  Nebraska and Kansas
• Suggested decision of slavery should be decided
  by Popular Sovereignty

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Popular Sovereignty
• System where the residents vote to decide an
  issue (in this case they are voting on slavery)
• If passed, would get ride of Missouri Compromise
  by allowing people to vote for slavery where it
  had been banned
• Passed in Congress and became law

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Bleeding Kansas (Notes)

• Fire-eaters Those that were Pro-slavery
• Jayhawkers Those that were Anti-slavery

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Bleeding Kansas

• Proslavery and antislavery settlers flood into
  Kansas territory to vote on issue of slavery
• 5,000 Missourians came over and voted illegally
• New Kansas legislature was now packed with
  proslavery representatives
• Antislavery settlers boycotted new government
• Settlers on both sides get violent

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Bleeding Kansas

• Proslavery mob attacks Lawrence, Kansas
• Abolitionist John Brown seeks to avenge the
  Sack of Lawrence
• Goes to cabins of proslavery neighbors and
  murders 5 people.
• Civil War breaks out in Kansas

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Bleeding Kansas
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Republican Party Forms

• Created by split of Whig Party
• Northern against the K-N Act
• Southern for K-N Act
• Republicans gain strength in the North

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Election of 1856
  John Fremont James Buchanan Millard Fillmore
       
Party Republican Democratic Know-Nothing
Stand on Slavery Against For Split
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Election of 1856

• James Buchanan Wins!

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The Case of Dred Scott

• Scott was a slave in Missouri
• Owner had taken him to live in territories where
  slavery was illegal
• Owner dies and Scott sues for his freedom

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

• Case reaches Supreme Court
• Said Dred Scott was a slave, not a citizen, so he
  could not sue in U.S. courts
• Also rules that Congress could not ban slavery in
  the territories
• This would violate slaveholders 5th Amendment
  property rights
• Huge setback for abolitionist movement!!

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

• The language of the Declaration of Independence
  is equally Conclusive ...
• We hold these truths to be self-evident that all
  men are created equal that they are endowed by
  their Creator with certain unalienable rights
  that among them is life, liberty, and the pursuit
  of happiness that to secure these rights,
  Governments are instituted, deriving their just
  powers from the consent of the governed. 

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

• The general words above quoted would seem to
  embrace the whole human family, and if they were
  used in a similar instrument at this day would be
  so understood. But it is too clear for dispute,
  that the enslaved African race were not intended
  to be included, and formed no part of the people
  who framed and adopted this declaration..

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

• Yet the men who framed this declaration were
  great men -- high in literary acquirements --
  high in their sense of honor, and incapable of
  asserting principles inconsistent with those on
  which they were acting. They perfectly understood
  the meaning of the language they used, and how it
  would be understood by others and they knew that
  it would not in any part of the civilized world
  be supposed to embrace the negro race

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Lincoln-Douglass Debates

• Lincoln
• Slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong.

• Douglass
• Argued that popular sovereignty was the best way
  to address slavery

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• "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I
  believe this government cannot endure,
  permanently half slave and half free. I do not
  expect the Union to be dissolved-I do not expect
  the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease
  to be divided. It will become all one thing, or
  all the other.
• -Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois,
• June16, 1858

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John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry

• Brown wants to inspire slaves to fight for their
  freedom
• Planned to capture weapons arsenal at Harpers
  Ferry, Virginia

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John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry

• Kills 4 people in the raid
• Sends word to rally and arm local slaves
• But no slaves join the fight!!
• Brown and his men captured and executed
• Abolitionists tolled bells and fired guns in
  salute

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Bleeding Kansas
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Lincolns Election and Southern Secession

• Ch. 15-4

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Election of 1860
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Southern States Secede

• Lincoln had said he would do nothing to abolish
  slavery
• Southerners did not trust him
• Saw Republican victory as a threat to the
  Southern way of life
• Warned if Lincoln won, the Southern states would
  secede, or withdrawal from the Union

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Southern States Secede

• South Carolina secedes first
• Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
  Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
• Formed the Confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis President of
  the Confederacy

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Efforts to Compromise Fail

• Efforts for Compromise fail
• Lincoln assured South again he would not abolish
  slavery
• Lincoln stated he would not invade the South, but
  he would not abandon the Unions property there
• Would need to supply several forts in the South,
  including Fort Sumter, S. Carolina

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Critical Thinking

• States Rights theory that states had the
  right to judge when the federal government had
  passed an unconstitutional law
• Do you think the Southern states seceded to
  protect slavery or states rights??
• Defend your answer