The Eisenhower

1
The Eisenhower Kennedy AdministrationsPolicies
Strategies
2
Eisenhowers 1st Inaugural AddressJanuary 20,
1953

• Religion distinguishes the United States from the
  USSR
• The Cold War is a war between freedom slavery
• The worlds economies are interdependent
• Guiding Principles of the U.S.
• Love of Peace
• Rejection of Appeasement
• Maintenance of American power
• Respect for each nation in the world
• Economic prosperity necessary for military
  strength
• Support of the United Nations

3
Eisenhower's Plan for Global Disarmament

• Eisenhower has 5 policies for the Developing
  World
• Non-Interference in Africa
• Help securing African security w/o wasteful
  armaments
• Emergency Aid to the Congo
• International Aid to promote long-term African
  development
• U.N. aid for education
• Arms Control
• U.S. will submit to international inspection if
  other nations reciprocate
• Purpose to save future generations from the
  scourge of war
• Need to forge bonds of a world community
• U.N. should help build this world community
• U.N. should not be abused as an instrument of
  propaganda of individual nations

4
Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" Speech to the U.N.
(Dec. 8, 1953)

• United States' Atomic Stockpile exceeds the
  explosive equivalent of the total of all bombs
  used by every nation in all of the years of World
  War II
• The USSR is quickly catching up
• The U.S. USSR must negotiate for peace
• Atomic power should be used for peaceful purposes
• Ikes proposals
• Each nation should contribute atomic materials to
  the International Atomic Energy Commission
• Cooperation must be done in good faith
• The I.A.E.C should be responsible for handling
  atomic materials
• Experts should find peaceful uses of atomic energy

5
Geneva Conference

• The conference met in 1955 in the city of Geneva,
  the countries attending included United Kingdom,
  United States, France, and U.S.S.R.
• The Representatives that attended at the
  conference are as follows
• -U.S.S.R.Bulganin -France Mendes-France
  -U.K.Eden -U.S.A.Eisenhower
• The world leaders discussed issues on security,
  armaments, German unification, German
  unification, and stronger east west relationships
• This treaty eventually lead to the Austrian peace
  treaty of 1955 resulting in the end of joint
  occupation of Austria.
• This conference marked an era of renewed optimism
  in cold war relationships, however this was
  disrupted later by the Suez Crisis
• Retrieved from "http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genev
  a_Conference_28195529"

6
Hungarian Revolt

• Oct. 23-Nov 4, 1956
• Anti-Soviet Revolt
• Causes
• Khrushchev de-Stalinization
• Liberalization in the Eastern Bloc
• Hungarians seized opportunity to throw off the
  Soviet yolk
• Freedom Fighters hoped for American Support
• American non-intervention was a de facto
  confirmation of Cold War boundaries
• Revolt was brutally suppressed Hungary remained
  in the Communist orbit

7
Nixon in Moscow

• July 1959 Vice-President Nixon visits Moscow for
  the opening of the American National Exhibition
• During the visit, Khrushchev Nixon had a heated
  debate
• Know as the Kitchen Debate
• For the exhibit, an entire house was built that
  the Americans claimed anyone in America could
  afford
• Filled with luxury goods
• The Debate took place in the house's kitchen
• Khrushchev Nixon debated the merits of
  Communism vs. Capitalism
• Nixon tactfully tried to focus on household
  appliances such as the washing machine, rather
  than bombs or weapons
• In the U.S., most believed that Nixon won the
  debate

8
U-2 Spy Plane Crisis

• U-2 high-altitude U.S. spy plane
• May 1, 1960, U-2 shot down over the USSR
• U.S. denied the plane was a spy plane
• Called it a weather plane
• Khrushchev forced the U.S. to admit it he
  produced the living pilot and the plane to
  corroborate their claim of being spied on
  aerially
• The incident worsened East-West relations and was
  a great embarrassment for the United States
• The Paris Summit between Eisenhower and
  Khrushchev collapsed

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Eisenhower's Farewell Address (January 17, 1961)

• The military establishment has changed
  dramatically since WW2
• permanent armaments industry of vast
  proportions has been erected
• More money is spent annually on the military than
  the incomes of every American corporation
  combined
• U.S. must guard against military-industrial
  complex
• International disarmament is the solution to the
  potential loss of liberties to the military
  industrial complex at home

10
Space Race

• The '''Space Race ''' was an informal competition
  between the US USSR
• lasted from 1957 to 1975.
• It involved the parallel efforts by each of those
  countries to explore space with artificial
  satellites, to send humans into space, and to
  land people on the Moon
• The Space Race effectively began after the Soviet
  launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957.
• the Sputnik satellite 1st ever satellite in
  orbit

11
Soviet Space Program

• Soviets had early success in space
• Serge Korolyov the head of the Soviet space
  program
• First animal to enter Earth orbit, Laika on
  Sputnik 2 (1957)
• April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet Cosmonaut,
  became the 1st man in space
• August 1962, the Soviets put two men into space
  simultaneously
• First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova,
  Vostok 6 (1963)
• March 1965, the Soviets demonstrated the 1st
  successful space walk

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JFK the Space Program

• Early Soviet successes in space made many
  Americans believe that the U.S. was lagging too
  far behind
• JFK established the goal of beating the Soviets
  to the moon
• Research began for the Apollo Program
• Goal to land a man on the moon by the end of
  the decade

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14
JFK Acceptance of the Democratic Nomination (July
15, 1960)

• JFK is the first Catholic nominated by the
  Democrats since 1928
• Faith should not determine for whom one votes
• His religious beliefs will not determine what he
  thinks is best for the country
• JFK is appealing to the disenchanted
• The balance of power across the world is changing
  
• Communist influence is spreading
• There are changes in the urban rural areas
• A vibrant new generation not bound to the past is
  coming into power
• America stands on the edge of a New Frontier

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JFK's Inaugural Speech (Jan. 20, 1961)

• Democratic Principles are at stake around the
  world
• America is committed to Human Rights Liberty
• We must cooperate with our allies
• We must negotiate with our foes
• The poor in the developing nations must be helped
• ask not what your country can do for you, but
  what you can do for your country.

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Kennedy the Peace Corps.

• Corps a pool of trained American men and women
  sent overseas by the U.S. Government to help
  developing countries
• JFKs proposal was enthusiastically received by
  Americas youth
• Claims that the Peace Corps is not designed as an
  instrument of diplomacy or propaganda
• Life in the Peace Corps
• Difficult
• Low salary
• Expected to live with native population
• The organization is designed to further the cause
  of peace throughout the world

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Kennedys Berlin Speech

• The Berlin Wall was erected on August 13, 1961
• To prevent people in the East from fleeing to the
  West
• Berlin represents the differences between the
  East West
• The West has never built a wall to keep its
  citizens in
• Berlin shows the failure of Communism
• Berlin is on the front line in the battle for
  freedom
• All free men, wherever they may live, are
  citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free
  man, I take pride in the words "Ich bin ein
  Berliner."

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Bibliography

• Slide 1
• Ike Photo http//www.homeofheroes.com/presidents/
  inaugural/pres_eisenhower.jpg
• JFK Photo http//www.fiftiesweb.com/kennedy/john-
  f-kennedy-2.jpg
• Slide 2
• Ike swearing in http//www.homeofheroes.com/presi
  dents/inaugural/inaug_ike_1.jpg
• Slide 3
• Life Magazine http//www.2neatmagazines.com/cover
  s/1960cover/1960-Oct-3.jpg
• Slide 4
• Atomic Bomb http//www.sbac.edu/palmergw/A-Bomb.
  jpg
• Slide 5
• Ike Khruschev http//www.historycentral.com/pos
  twar/geneva.jpg
• Slide 6
• Time Magazine Cover http//www.pinetreeline.org/m
  etz/photos/metz487.jpg
• Photo of Toppled Stalin Statue
  http//www.internationalist.org/hungarystalinwww.J
  PG
• Photo of Hungarians on Soviet Tank
  http//newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38809000/jpg
  /_38809447_tank_ap_238.jpg
• Slide 7
• Nixon Khruschev http//www.oldenziel.com/images
  /Khrushev-Nixon20kitchen20Moscow.gif
• Slide 8
• U-2 Plane http//www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft
  /imgs/u2.jpg