Colonial Ways of Life (1608-1763)

1
Colonial Ways of Life (1608-1763)

• Chapter 3

2
The Southern Colonies
3
Southern Economy

• Tobacco was a cash crop in Virginia Maryland
• South Carolina grew rice indigo
• Plantation large commercial (for profit) estate
  where labors lived and cultivated crops for owner
• Indentured Servants VA MD had plenty of land,
  but not enough labor. England had poor willing to
  come to America
• Indentured Servant laborers bound to land owner
  working off debt of travel,
• Contract lasted 4-11 years

4
Southern Society

• Plantations were self-contained communities that
  had schools, churches, and workshops
• 1600s, plantations small 1700s, plantations
  large due to slave labor
• Small land owners lived in the backcountry
  (frontier), close to Native American land
• Small farmers known as yeoman
• Practiced subsistence farming only growing
  enough crops for themselves
• Corn, beans, potatoes, barley, rye

5
Social Classes in Southern Society
6
Bacons Rebellion

• Sir William Berkeley governor of Virginia
• Allowed wealthy planters to dominate society
• Controlled by appointing supporters to the
  governing council and giving land to burgesses
• Restricted vote to wealthy land owners almost ½
  lost right to vote
• Angered backcountry farmers and tenant farmers
• Native American relations will spark the rebellion

7
Bacons Rebellion Crisis Over Land

• LAND!!! Thats why people came to America!
• Indentured servants tenant farmers wanted to
  own land eventually
• Backcountry farmers wanted to expand their land
  holdings
• Colonists did not want war with Native Americans
• Berkeley asked burgesses for to build forts
  along the frontier to protect backcountry farmers

8
Bacon Leads a Revolt

• Backcountry farmers will meet at Nathaniel
  Bacons house
• Bacon member of governors council but he took up
  cause of small farmers because he had been
  attacked by Native Americans
• Organized a militia (army)
• Berkeley restored voting rights to all FREE men
• Changes did NOT satisfy Bacon his men, they
  went to Jamestown, seized power, and charged
  Berkeley with corruption

9
Slavery in the Colonies

• 1450-1870 10-12 million Africans enslaved
• 1450-1870 2 million will die in transit
• 500,000 taken to North America first arrive in
  1619
• Chattel Slavery humans owning other humans
  slaves first treated like indentured servants
  enslaved because they werent Christian

10
Slavery in the Colonies

• Maryland was the first to formally recognize
  slavery when it denied Africans same rights as
  English citizens
• 1705, VA enacted a slave code
• Set of laws to regulate rights and behaviors of
  slaves
• Because slaves played an important role in growth
  of colonies plantation economy

11
New England Middle Colonies

• Section 2

12
Puritan Society

• Puritan law banned card games, dice, plays,
  dancing
• Salem Witchcraft
• Devout Puritans believed Satan used witches to
  work evil in the world
• Salem, MA 1692 20 residents of Salem were
  charged with witchcraft executed
• Began because a group of teenage girls accused an
  African servant of being a witch

13
Trade Rise of Cities

• New England wanted to buy ceramic plates,
  hardware, fine cloth, and linens
• Triangular Trade
• New England bought goods from England by selling
  NE products to foreign countries in exchange for
  goods England wanted
• Bill of exchange credit slips English merchants
  gave planters in exchange for sugar could buy
  English goods with them

14
Triangular Trade

• This trade made many New England merchants
  wealthy.
• Many of these wealthy merchants built factories
  to refine raw sugar distill molasses into rum
• NE will sell their rum to Southern colonies for
  rice, tobacco, and indigo

15
The Imperial System

• Section 3

16
Mercantilism

• Mercantilism a set of ideas about the world
  economy how it worked popular in the
  1600s-1700s.
• Country had to keep a favorable balance of trade
• Country should be self-sufficient in raw
  materials
• Should establish colonies where raw materials
  were available
• Raw materials in exchange for manufactured goods
• Negative colonies could not sell goods for gold
  or silver NE turned to triangular trade
  smuggling

17
Navigation Acts

• Mercantilists policies simple in 1600s, English
  government tried to encourage exports and
  restrict imports
• Charles II, king in 1660, wanted to change the
  lax policies enact a navigation act
• All goods imported/exported had to be shipped on
  British ships
• Specific raw materials could only be sold in
  England sugar, tobacco, lumber, cotton, wool,
  indigo

18
Navigation Acts

• 1663, Parliament passes the Staple Act
• All merchants bringing European goods to the
  colonies had to stop in England to pay taxes
• Colonial merchants were frustrated with the new
  acts broke the laws
• As a colonial power, England had the authority to
  appoint customs officials/inspectors who directly
  reported to the English government
• In response to colonial disobedience, Parliament
  the king created the Dominion on New England

19
Glorious Revolution

• English were suspicious of their new king James
  II. He insisted on his divine right to rule
• King chosen by God given all power to rule
• James II angered people by rejecting advice of
  Parliament, prosecuted bishops in the Anglican
  Church, revoked charters of English
  towns/corporations, and offended the people by
  practicing Catholicism

20
Bloodless Revolution

• Fearful that James II could turn England back to
  Catholic nation, Parliament asked Mary William
  to succeed James II to the throne
• In response to invitation, James II fled England
• Exchange of power Glorious Revolution
• Before taking the throne William Mary had to
  sign the English Bill of Rights
• Guaranteed freedom of speech (in Parliament), no
  excessive bail, no cruel punishment, illegal for
  king to tax or raise army without Parliaments ok

21
Legacy of John Locke

• Glorious Revolution set a precedent it showed a
  revolution against the king was (sometimes)
  justified
• During the turmoil, English philosopher, John
  Locke, wrote a book called The Two Treatises of
  Government
• Locke argued kings right to rule came from the
  consent of the governed (the people)

22
Legacy of Locke

• Locke believed everyone had certain natural
  rights life, liberty, pursuit of property
• People form a contract with government in
  exchange for protection
• Locke said if rights of people were violated,
  then people were justified to rebel replace the
  government
• U.S. Constitution Declaration of Independence
  based on Lockes ideas

23
Legacy of Locke

• Mayflower Compact Fundamental Orders of
  Connecticut were examples of how colonists
  understood the contract between government the
  people
• Colonists will use Lockes ideas when they rebel
  in 1775 against England
• Thomas Jefferson will use Lockes ideas in the
  Declaration of Independence in 1776

24
Diverse Society

• Section 4

25
The Enlightenment

• Enlightenment Period challenged authority of
  church in science philosophy while elevating
  the power of human research
• Enlightenment thinkers believed in natural laws
  could be applied to political, social, and
  economic relationships
• Rationalism focus on logic
• Rousseau wrote The Social Contract argued govt
  should be formed from consent of people people
  should make laws

26
The Enlightenment

• Baron de Montesquieu proposed three types of
  power in government judicial, executive, and
  legislative each power should be separate!
• Three branches to protect the power of the people
• Separation provided a system of checks and
  balances that would prevent government from
  abusing its authority
• Ideas influenced the U.S. Constitution

27
The Great Awakening

• Stressed dependence on God appealed to farmers,
  works, and enslaved people
• Revival spread from England movement stressed
  piety
• Pietism focus on devoutness emotional unity
  with God
• Revival large public meetings for preaching
  prayer

28
Great Awakening

• Many preachers felt religion was decreasing due
  to focus on reasoning and not a reliance on God
• NE preacher Jonathon Edwards
• Person had to be born again
• Having a personal internal emotional experience
  that brought a person to God was a central part
  of Great Awakening
• Had a profound effect on the South Baptists let
  their slaves attend revivals where preachers
  condemned brutality of slavery and all people
  were equal in eyes of God

29
Overall Effect of Enlightenment Great Awakening

• E. last two cultural movements in the colonies
  before the American Revolution
• F. Both movements emphasized individualism which
  supported independence. Enlightenment provided
  arguments against British rule and Great
  Awakening undermined allegiance to a traditional
  authority.