Cell Processes

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Cell Processes
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What happened to the egg in vinegar????
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List some things that would go through this
strainer.List some things that would NOT go
through this strainer.
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Vocabulary Words

• Solution
• Solute
• Solvent
• Concentration
• Homeostasis
• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic
• Isotonic
• Permeable

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Selectively Permeable

• What did the strainer allow to pass through?
• If the strainer is permeable to water sugar,
  what does permeable mean?
• What could not pass through the strainer?
• If the strainer is impermeable to pennies
  paperclips, what does impermeable mean?
• What do you think selectively permeable means?
• What about semi-permeable?

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Homeostasis

• Homeo same
• Stasis condition

A biological balance A process in which
organisms maintain an internal balance
(equilibrium)
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Cell Membrane

NERVE CELL
Gap between cells
Cell membrane
cell membrane 7nm wide
NERVE CELL
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Cell Membrane
Carbohydrate Chains
Proteins
Protein Channel
Lipid Bilayer
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Lipid Bilayer
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Lipid Bilayer

• Phosphate head is polar
• Hydrophilic end
• Fatty Acid tails are nonpolar
• Hydrophobic end
• Hydro water
• Phobic fear
• Phillic loving

_
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Construction of the Cell Membrane
How could proteins help some molecules pass
through the membrane?
Carbohydrate Chains
Proteins
Protein Channel
Lipid Bilayer
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Solutions

• What does the sugar/food coloring represent?
• Solute
• What does the water represent?
• Solvent
• Which solution has a greater concentration of
  solute?
• Which solution has more solvent?

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Solutions

• Hyper above (high)
• Iso same (equal)
• Hypo below (low)
• Tonic strength
• Hypertonic?
• Hypotonic?
• Isotonic?

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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

• Process that requires energy to move materials
  across cell membranes against a concentration
  gradient

• Process that does NOT requires energy to move
  materials across cell membranes against a
  concentration gradient

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Osmosis

• Diffusion of WATER (solvent) across a selectively
  permeable membrane

• Above/High
• Solution with the higher concentration of solute

Hypertonic

• Same/Equal
• Solutions have the same concentration of a solute

Isotonic

• Below/Low
• Solution with the lower concentration of solute

Hypotonic
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Osmosis

• What happens to cells placed in an isotonic
  solution?
• Water moves in out equally stay same size
• What happens to cells placed in a hypertonic
  solution?
• Water moves out of cell
• Animal cells shrink Plant cells shrink or wilt
• What happens to cells placed in a hypotonic
  solution?
• Water moves into cell
• Animal cells swell may burst Plant cells
  become more rigid

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Osmosis

• TAKES NO ENERGY!!

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Diffusion

• Everyone group together
• at the front of the room

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Diffusion

• How long did it take you to detect the odor?
• How did the smell get from the balloon to your
  nose?
• How do you think the molecules of the vanilla
  travel from the balloon to your nose? Straight
  line, zig zag?
• Diffusion movement of PARTICLES (solute) from a
  region of high concentration to a region of low
  concentration

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Diffusion in Air
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Diffusion in Water
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Diffusion Demonstration
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Diffusion

• Molecules tend to move from areas of ______
  concentration to areas of _______concentration.
• Is the bag or beaker more concentrated in starch?
  
• Is the bag or beaker more concentrated in iodine?
• Iodine Solution is the bag or beaker hypertonic?
• Starch Solution is the bag or beaker hypertonic?

high
low
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Diffusion

• If the bag is permeable to starch, which way
  would the starch move?
• If the bag is permeable to iodine, which way
  would the iodine move?
• Make a prediction about what you think will
  happen.
• Is the starch going to move out of the bag??????
• Is the iodine going to move into the bag???????

Out of the bag
Into the bag
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Diffusion

• Iodine is an indicator for starch.
• An indicator changes color in the presence of the
  substance it indicates.
• Iodine turns blue/black in the presence of starch
• Make a prediction about what you think will
  happen to the color of both solutions.
• Will the beaker solution turn colors??????
• Will the bag solution turn colors???????

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Diffusion

• Which substance moved, the iodine or the starch?
• The plastic bag was permeable to which substance?
• Why is it not a good idea to store iodine in a
  plastic bag?
• What cell structure does the bag represent?

Iodine
Because iodine would leak out of bag
Cell Membrane
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Diffusion

• What does permeable mean?
• Allows materials to pass
• Was the bag selectively permeable?
• Yes
• Why?
• It only allowed certain materials to pass

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Warm-up
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Cell Membrane
Carbohydrate Chains
Proteins
Protein Channel
Lipid Bilayer
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Osmosis

• TAKES NO ENERGY!!

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Lab Preparation

• Each team member will need to participate take
  an active part in lab
• Getter get materials/equipment only one to
  leave table!
• Shusher make sure everyone stays on task
  doesnt get too loud. Makes sure entire group is
  helping to answer questions.
• Reader reads lab aloud before during lab
• Checker make sure all questions are answered,
  names are on paper, turned in, etc.

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7th Period
Orange Anthony, Nichole,Jaqueline, Hayden
Yellow Ambreasha, James, Amanda, Mavricio
Green Jazmyne, Caitlin, Heath, John
Black Tiara, Robert, Alysse, Michael
Red Camauni, David, Carolina, Irvin
Blue Edwin, KaDeedra, Fabian, Cecelia
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Osmosis
Every student turn in lab report! Make sure your
name is on it!

• Potato Lab

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6th Period
Orange Chris, Joymina, Eduardo, Ronald
Yellow Brandi, Nikki, Kalaya, David
Green Leslie, Moneshia, Jerry, QuaVante
Black Cynthia
Red Traeveon, Eryka, Christian,Jennifer
Blue Kevin, Tuyen, Miguel, Guillermo
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5th Period
Orange Eunice, Chris, Keith, Rainey
Yellow Cecilia, Serena, Carly, Melissa
Green Nathan, Jalestine, Elizabeth, Adam
Black Lauren, Sabryn, Ivon, Jamie, Dalton,
Red Christina, Shafter, Lyndsay, Erik, Jose
Blue Quindon, Lesly, Ray, Francisco
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• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

• Process that requires energy to move materials
  across cell membranes against a concentration
  gradient

• Process that does NOT requires energy to move
  materials across cell membranes against a
  concentration gradient

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Facilitated Diffusion

• Movement of molecules across a membrane through
  protein channels
• TAKES NO ENERGY!!

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Passive Transport

• Osmosis
• Diffusion
• Facilitated Diffusion

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Endocytosis
endo inside cyto cell osis process
A process in which a cell takes materials in
by membrane folding ENERGY NEEDED
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Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
exo outside cyto cell osis process
A process in which a cell removes large amounts
of materials ENERGY NEEDED
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Exocytosis
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Active Transport

• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding YES
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding YES Active Transport
Exocytosis
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding YES Active Transport
Exocytosis When cells remove large amounts of materials
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding YES Active Transport
Exocytosis When cells remove large amounts of materials YES
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Molecule Transport Across Cell Membranes
Transport Animations
TYPE DESCRIPTION ENERGY NEEDED ACTIVE or PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane NO Passive Transport
Diffusion Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration NO Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels NO Passive Transport
Endocytosis When cells take materials in by membrane folding YES Active Transport
Exocytosis When cells remove large amounts of materials YES Active Transport
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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• Would you consider cells to be simple or complex?
• How did cells become so complex?
• Endo within
• Symbiosis 2 organisms living together
• What does endosymbiosis mean?

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http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/s
tudent_view0/chapter4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.ht
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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Page 427
• Proposes that eukaryotic (have nuclei) cells
  arose from living communities formed by
  prokaryotic (no nuclei) organisms.

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Mitochondria Chloroplasts are very similar to
  prokaryotic bacteria
• DNA
• Ribosomes
• Reproduce by binary fission
• 2 membranes

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Endosymbiotic Theory
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OM NOM NOM NOM
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• The endosymbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotes
  developed when a prokaryotic cell was engulfed by
  another prokaryotic cell continued living
  inside the other cell. One piece of evidence for
  this is that some organelles have their own DNA.
  Which of these organelles has its own DNA and is
  thought to have developed in this way?
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• Vacuole

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Osmosis

• Elodea Plasmolysis

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