Introduction to Database Management

1
Chapter 1

• Introduction to Database Management

2
Welcome!

• Database technology crucial to the operation and
  management of modern organizations
• Major transformation in computing skills
• Significant time commitment
• Exciting journey ahead

3
Book Goals

• First course in database management
• Practical textbook
• Fundamentals of relational databases
• Data modeling and normalization
• Database application development
• Database administration and database processing
  environments
• Detailed material

4
Outline

• Database characteristics
• DBMS features
• Architectures
• Organizational roles

5
Initial Vocabulary

• Data raw facts about things and events
• Information transformed data that has value for
  decision making
• Essential to organize data for retrieval and
  maintenance

6
Database Characteristics

• Persistent
• Inter-related
• Shared

7
University Database
8
Water Utility Database
9
Database Management System (DBMS)

• Collection of components that support data
  acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance,
  retrieval, and formatting
• Enterprise DBMSs
• Desktop DBMSs
• Embedded DBMSs
• Major part of information technology
  infrastructure

10
Database Definition

• Define database before using
• Tables and relationships
• SQL CREATE TABLE statement
• Graphical tools

11
University Database
12
University Database (ERD)
13
Nonprocedural Access
Loop

• Query request for data to answer a question
• Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not
  the procedural details
• Improve productivity and improve accessibility
• SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools

14
Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access
15
Application Development

• Form formatted document for data entry and
  display
• Report formatted document for display
• Use nonprocedural access to specify data
  requirements of forms and reports

16
Sample Data Entry Form
17
Sample Report
18
Procedural Language Interface

• Combine procedural language with nonprocedural
  access
• Why
• Batch processing
• Customization and automation
• Performance improvement

19
Transaction Processing

• Transaction unit of work that should be reliably
  processed
• Control simultaneous users
• Recover from failures

20
Database Technology Evolution
21
DBMS Marketplace

• Enterprise DBMS
• Oracle dominates in Unix strong in Windows
• SQL Server strong in Windows
• Informix significant Unix marketshare
• DB2 strong in mainframe environment
• Desktop DBMS
• Access dominates
• FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro

22
Data Independence

• Software maintenance is a large part (50) of
  information system budgets
• Reduce impact of changes by separating database
  description from applications
• Change database definition with minimal effect on
  applications that use the database

23
Three Schema Architecture
24
Differences among Levels

• External
• FacultyAssignmentFormView data required for the
  form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9)
• FacultyWorkLoadReportView data required for the
  report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10)
• Conceptual tables in Slide 11
• Internal
• Files needed to store the tables
• Extra files to improve performance

25
Client-Server Architecture
26
Organizational Roles
27
Database Specialists

• Database administrator (DBA)
• More technical
• DBMS specific skills
• Data administrator
• Less technical
• Planning role

28
Summary

• Databases and database technology vital to modern
  organizations
• Database technology supports daily operations and
  decision making
• Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature
• Many opportunities to work with databases