HEALTHY CONSUMERS AS WELL AS HEALTHY PROFITS?

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HEALTHY CONSUMERS AS WELL AS HEALTHY PROFITS?

• Barry Groves, Ph.D
• www.second-opinions.co.uk

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Recent fad diet?
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William Banting (1796-1878)
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Bantings health problems 1862

• 5 5 tall, weight 202 lbs
• He could not stoop to tie his shoelaces
• Couldn't attend to the little offices humanity
  requires without considerable pain and difficulty
• He had to go downstairs slowly backward to save
  jarring his knee and ankle joints
• He puffed and blew over every slight exertion,
  particularly that of going upstairs
• He had an umbilical rupture
• He started to lose his sight and hearing.

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Bantings diet prior to 1862

• BREAKFAST bread and milk, pint of tea with milk
  and sugar, buttered toast
• DINNER meat, bread, pastry and beer
• TEA a meal similar to breakfast
• SUPPER a fruit tart or bread and milk.

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Harveys diet plan

• BREAKFAST 4-5 oz beef, mutton, kidneys, fish,
  bacon or cold meat, large cup of tea, 1 oz toast
• DINNER 5-6 oz fish or meat, any veg except
  potato, 1 oz toast, fruit of any pudding, any
  poultry or game, 2-3 glasses claret, sherry or
  Madeira.
• TEA 2-3 oz fruit, a rusk or two, cup of tea
• SUPPER 3-4 oz meat or fish, similar to dinner,
  1-2 glasses sherry
• NIGHTCAP tumbler of grog gin, whisky or brandy,
  or 1-2 glasses claret or sherry.

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Results of Harveys diet at one year

• Weight loss 46 lbs
• 12 ¼ inches off waist
• He could come downstairs forward
• Go upstairs and take exercise freely
• Could perform every necessary function
• The umbilical rupture was cured
• His sight and hearing were restored
• His other bodily ailments had passed into the
  matter of history.

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Clinical dietary trial Edinburgh 1932
Average daily losses

• high carb / low fat diet - 49g (usual
  slimming diet)
• high carb / low protein - 122g
  
• low carb / high protein - 183g
  
• low carb / high fat diet - 205g

Lyon DM, Dunlop DM. The treatment of obesity a
comparison of the effects of diet and of thyroid
extract. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1932 1
331-52.
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Clinical dietary trial, London, 1957
Obese patients at Middlesex Hospital

• Lost the least weight on a high-carbohydrate,
  low-fat diet
• Lost the most weight on a low-carbohydrate,
  high-fat diet
• Lost weight even at 2,600 calories a day but
  only on a high-fat diet.

Kekwick A, Pawan GLS. Calorie intake in relation
to body-weight changes in the obese. Lancet 1956
ii 155-160
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Clinical diabetic trial, 1999
Diabetic patients could eat all the meat and
cheese they wanted

• Carbohydrates (unprocessed foods, mainly fresh
  fruit and vegetables) 20 of calories

• Fats 50 of calories
• 90 animal fats, 10 MUF olive oil.

Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st Annual
Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 15 June 1999.
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Clinical diabetic trial, 1999

• Average weight loss 40 lbs
• HbA1c down from 3.34 to 0.96 above normal
• Total cholesterol down from 6.0 to 4.94 mmol/l
• LDL down from 3.46 to 2.73
• HDL up from 1.14 to 1.22 mmol/l 6.7
• Triglycerides down from 2.29 to 1.82 g/l.

Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st Annual
Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 15 June 1999.
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High-fat diet clinical trial 2002

• Intervention group 8 carb, 61 fat

• fasting triglycerides - 33
• blood fats after meals - 29
• blood insulin after meals - 34
• HDL 11.5
• Total cholesterol unchanged

Sharman MJ, et al. A Ketogenic Diet Favorably
Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular
Disease in Normal-Weight Men. J Nutr 2002 132
1879-1885
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The Spanish paradox
1966-1990 heart disease Men
deaths down 25 Women deaths down 34
Serra-Majem L, et al.. How could changes in diet
explain changes in coronary heart disease
mortality in Spain? The Spanish paradox. Am J
Clin Nutr 199561(suppl)1351S-9S.
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The Spanish paradox
1966-1990

• Carbs down
• bread consumption 55
• rice consumption 35
• potato consumption 53

• Protein and fat up
• beef 96
• pork 382
• poultry 312
• full-cream milk 73

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The Spanish paradox
Nevertheless, we suggest several dietary
recommendations that might be applied to the
prevention of CVD in Spain

• Increase consumption of foods rich in complex
  carbohydrates (breadrice)
• Promote moderate consumption of all meat (beef
  and pork in particular)
• Encourage use of skim milk and low-fat cheese.

Serra-Majem L, et al.. How could changes in diet
explain changes in coronary heart disease
mortality in Spain? The Spanish paradox. Am J
Clin Nutr 199561(suppl)1351S-9S.
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The balanced diet
Foods can be divided into five main groups. In
order for us to enjoy a balanced diet we need to
eat foods from these groups.
BDA food plate
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The balanced diet
No single food will supply all the nutrients
your body needs, so good nutrition means eating a
variety of foods. (ADA)
USDA food pyramid
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The balanced diet

• My definition
• A balanced diet is any diet that supplies all the
  nutrients the body needs in the correct
  proportions.

In which case, a diet composed entirely of meat,
so long as the organs and fat are included, is a
balanced diet.
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Dietary Nonsense
of Fructose
on Glucose
Cut down on Fructose Glucose
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Essential foods!
There are essential

• Fatty acids
• Amino acids (protein)

But There are no essential carbohydrates
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Inuit igloo
igloo
_____
Eskimo food pyramid
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Maasai of Kenya
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Blood
Milk
Maasai food pyramid
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Other impacts of incorrect diet
The Maori of New Zealand
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Diseases that benefit from low-carb

• Acid reflux
• Acne
• Alzheimers disease
• Amenorrhoea
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Anorexia
• Arthritis
• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Cancer
• Cirrhosis of the liver

• Epilepsy
• Gallstones
• Glaucoma
• Gout
• Infectious diseases
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Juvenile crime
• Kidney stones
• Low birth weight

• Retinopathy
• Retarded uterine growth
• Rickets
• Schizophrenia
• Slow growth
• Spina bifida
• Stomach ulcers
• Stroke
• Ulcerative colitis

• Coeliac disease
• Constipation
• Coronary heart disease
• Crohns disease
• Crooked teeth
• Dental caries
• Depression
• Diabetes (both types)
• Diverticulitis
• Eczema

• Macular degeneration
• Menstrual dysfunction
• Mental retardation
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myopia (short-sightedness)
• Nephropathy
• Neural tube defects
• Obesity
• Osteomalacia
• Osteoporosis

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Main points

• Diabetes, heart disease, etc, are not caused by
  obesity
• All conditions are caused by the same thing
• Dietary carbohydrates cause all
• Obesity is merely evident before diabetes
• Answer Reduce carbohydrates, reduce disease.

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Why?
Why should the food with the most calories be the
best for weight loss and all-round good
health? Because it is our natural diet
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Palaeolithic Pyramid

• Have a low glycaemic index

• Produce only modest increases in insulin.

• Contain relatively little carb

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Summary of evidence

• Agriculture very recent in history
• For 2.5 million years diet high-protein,
  high-fat, low-carb
• 99.9 of our genes formed before advent of
  agriculture
• We evolved eating an animal sourced diet
• Healthy diet quite different and unnatural.

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If we do not learn from history, we remain in
the infancy of knowledge.
Cicero
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Dr. James Hays 1999
If you have a diet that results in weight loss,
lower cholesterol, and a better lipid
profile, eventually everybody will be eating that
way. Its going to come whether we like it or
not. Hays J. Paper presented to the 81st
Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 15 June
1999.
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Critique of low-fat, healthy diet 2004
This diet can no longer be defended . . . by
rejecting clinical experience and a growing
medical literature suggesting that the
much-maligned low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet
may have a salutary effect on the epidemics in
question. Weinberg SL. The Diet-Heart
Hypothesis a Critique. J Am Coll Cardiol
2004437313
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Children should eat low-carb diet 2004
Children especially need to be targeted . . . we
need to rethink dietary advice because the
current advice clearly isnt working. Prof
essor Julian Peto. The Scotsman, 14 March 2004
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The challenge
To produce foods that do not increase the
burden of disease
particularly for children
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Example
Omega-3 milk Australian cattle on pasture fed
supplements of tuna oil and soyabean

• More EPA and DHA
• Less saturated fat
• PUFA increased 3 4 times.

Kitessa SM, et al. Supplementation of grazing
dairy cows with rumen-protected tuna oil enriches
milk fat with n-3 fatty acids without affecting
milk production or sensory characteristics. Br J
Nutr 2004 91 (2) 271-278.
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Example
Omega-3 milk Australian cattle on pasture fed
supplements of tuna oil and soyabean

• PUFA increase cancer risk!

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The challenge
1. Cut carbs

• Reduce sugar by half
• Will not compromise taste
• Avoid high fructose corn syrup
• HFCS compromises immune system
• 7 times worse for diabetics than glucose
• Avoid cereal fillers
• Avoid fruit juices
• Use whole fruit, reduces sugars, increases fibre.

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The challenge
2. Avoid soya

• Phytoestrogens
• Female hormones in males
• Abnormal hormone patterns in infants of both
  sexes
• Implicated in cancers
• Phytic Acid
• Inhibits absorption of minerals ? deficiency
  diseases
• Goitregens
• Decrease thyroid hormone production
• Difficult to digest
• May ulcerate gut
• Allergenic.

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The challenge
3. To improve taste, texture and palatability,
replace carbs with fats

• Animal fats are healthy
• Butter, lard, beef dripping, cream
• Coconut oil has a very long shelf life.

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The challenge
4. Avoid polyunsaturated vegetable oils

• Oxidise readily
• Increase cancer risk
• Hydrogenated oils (trans fats)
• Raise cholesterol
• Weaken circulation
• Increase heart disease risk
• Compromise immune system
• Increase risk of infectious diseases and cancer.

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The challenge
5. To improve health, add Vitamins

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Add vitamins B6, B12, folic acid
• Cancer
• Add vitamin D.

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Please, dont sacrifice the health of your
customers for the health of your profit margins.
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The trouble with making all these changes so
that you live longer is that all the extra years
come at the end when youre old!