1
10-20-09

• If you judge people, you have no time to love
  them.  
• Mother Teresa

2
Africa prior to Imperialism

• Prior to European Imperialism, African peoples
  were divided into hundreds of ethnic (based on
  common heritage and belief system) and linguistic
  (based on common language) groups .
• The first Europeans to venture into the interior
  of Africa tended to be explorers, missionaries,
  or humanitarians who were opposed to the slave
  trade.

3
Motives Driving Imperialism

• Economic, political, and Social forces
  accelerated the drive to take over land all over
  the globe.
• Imperialism- taking over a country or territory
  by a stronger nation with the intent of
  domination.

4
How did Social Darwinism apply to Imperialism?

• Many Europeans believed that they were better
  than other people.
• Racism- the belief that one race is superior to
  others.
• Charles Darwin- Survival of the fittest. Those
  who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and
  success and were considered superior to others.

5

• Non-Europeans-considered to be on a lower scale
  of cultural and physical development because they
  didnt have the technology that Europeans had.
• Europeans- believed they had the right and duty
  to bring technological advances to the world.

6
Missionary work in Africa

• Europeans pushed to Christianize the peoples of
  Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
• Believed that European rule was the best way to
  end evil practices.
• Wanted to civilize and westernize the foreign
  savages.

7
Imperialism Begins

• Around 1880, the scramble to control Africa
  began.
• Diamond and Gold discoveries increased European
  interest in the land.
• No one wanted to be left out

8
Forces Enabling Imperialism
9
Berlin Conference 1884-85

• Held to prevent fighting
• 14 European nations met to lay down the rules for
  dividing Africa.
• Countries had to notify the other countries of
  the claim and show they could control the area.
• No regard for African Ethnic or Linguistic groups
  or boundary lines.

10
Demand for Raw Materials

• Europe saw the colonies as sources of raw
  materials, especially things that couldnt be
  produced or grown in the home country.
• Cash-Crop plantations used to grow peanuts, palm
  oil, cocoa, and rubber displaced food crops grown
  by farmers to feed their families.

11
Clashes over South Africa

• Three groups battled over South Africa
• Zulu Expansion- 1816, Chief Shaka created a large
  centralized state. By 1887 unable to defend
  against the British invaders and become part of
  British controlled land.
• The Boers- Dutch begin to settle in 1652,
  gradually took over native Africans land and
  created large farms.
• British took over South Africa and clashed with
  the Boers.

12

• The Great Trek- To escape the British, several
  thousand Boers moved North.
• Conflict occurred with the Zulu and other native
  groups whose land they were taking.
• The Boer War- diamonds and gold discovered.
• outsiders rush in to make their fortunes.
• British are blamed and in 1899 the war begins.

13

• First total war
• Women and children imprisoned, farms burned.
• Britain wins the war.
• The Boers join the Union of South Africa,
  controlled by the British.

14
Imperialism in Africa map

• Use the maps on page 308 and answer the following
  questions
• About what percentage of Africa was colonized by
  Europeans in 1878? How much by 1913?
• According to the map of 1913, which two imperial
  powers held the most land? According to the
  chart, what percentage of land in Africa was held
  by the two powers?
• In 1913, what were the two independent states in
  Africa?