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• Suggested Answers
• Russian Revolution Topic Test

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• 1. Write the definition of autocrat.
• -Leader in total control of the state and people

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• 2. What was russification?
• -forced attempt to make non-Russians adopt
  Russian language and culture

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• 3.What did Marx mean by these words
• bourgeoisie - middle class
• Proletariat working class
• means of production - ownership of assets
  enabling people to produce goods
• class war - struggle and conflict between the
  rich and the poor
• Socialism - sharing the wealth and the
  opportunities of the state

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• 4. Why, according to Marx, was Russia unlikely to
  experience a revolution?
• - Not enough discontented factory workers too
  many peasants

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• 5. What event in Lenins early life influenced
  him to become a revolutionary?
• - His older brother was hanged for being a
  revolutionary

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• 6. What was the main difference in the philosophy
  of the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks?
• - Mensheviks believed that a period if
  bourgeoisie dominance was necessary and that the
  stages predicted by Marx were essential and
  inevitable led by Leon Trotsky. Bolsheviks
  believed that revolution could take place if led
  by small groups of dedicated revolutionaries
  using violence led by Lenin.

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• 7. Why did Lenin think that a revolutionary
  newspaper was necessary?
• - To reach other revolutionaries and spread his
  ideas to a wider audience

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• 8. Why did the birth of the Tsarevich make the
  royal family vulnerable?
• - He had haemophilia which reduced his chances of
  survival to the throne and it made his mother
  dependent on Rasputin

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• 9. What were the names of the Tsars children?
• -Olga, Maria, Tatiana, Anastasia, Alexis

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• 10. Why did Russia come into conflict with Japan
  in 1904?
• - Russia wanted to expand in the East which
  conflicted with Japanese ambitions of expansion
  in the same area

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• 11. Why did Russia fail in its war with Japan?
• - Russia was ill-equipped, ill-prepared and
  severely underestimated the newly industrialised
  Japan

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• 12. What were the 5 key points that Father Gapon
  wanted to present to the Tsar?
• -8 hour day-improved working conditions-election
  of a constituent assembly-freedom of speech-end
  to the war with Japan

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• 13. What evidence was there that the Bloody
  Sunday march was intended to be peaceful?
• - Family groups, religious icons, led by
  religious leaders

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• 14. What did the Tsar promise in the October
  Manifesto?
• - Freedom of speech, promise of a trial if
  charged, a Duma to approve all new laws, voting
  qualifications to be lowered

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• 15. What were the Black Hundreds?
• - Gangs of conservative supporters of the Tsars
  counter revolution who murdered opponents of the
  Tsar

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• 16. Was the 1905 Revolution a failure or not?
  Why?
• -Over all it was a failure nothing really
  changed- the Tsar remained in power

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• 17. What was a soviet?
• - A committee, set up spontaneously by supporters
  of the revolution

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• 18. What were the main difficulties that the Duma
  faced?
• -the Tsar retained ultimate power and sole right
  to dissolve the Duma, he did not enact their
  recommendations, he resented them

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• 19. What were Stolypins land reforms supposed to
  achieve?
• -he believed that by allowing land to be bought
  by the peasants they would increase productivity
  and a new class of peasant landowners would
  develop-there were some good effects but it
  needed a longer time to show positive results

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• 20. How did Stolypin deal with civil disorder?
• - He ruthlessly put down civil disruption by
  hanging- the noose came to be known as
  Stolypins necktie

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• 21. What event was celebrated by the aristocracy
  in 1913?
• - 300 years of Romanov rule

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• 22. Why did Russia enter WWl?
• - Russia had an alliance with France and stepped
  in to defend the Balkan nations

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• 23. Why was the name of St Petersburg changed?
• - It was changed to Petrograd in 1915- Russians
  felt it was too German sounding

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• 24. What sort of problems did the ordinary
  soldier face in WWl?
• - Lack of supplies,food, munitions and training
  and competent leadership

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• 25. What were the consequences of the Tsar
  becoming Commander-in-Chief in 1915?
• - He left the country in control of his wife who
  was German born and under complete control of
  Rasputin, if the war was lost then the Tsar alone
  could be blamed

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• 26. What did the Tsaritsa consider as her main
  duty as ruler during WWl?
• - Preserve the autocracy

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• 27. Why was the Russian army so demoralised in
  1917?
• - Troops were short of food, war was unpopular,
  lack of faith in the command, soldiers felt they
  were missing out on land distribution at home

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• 28. What was the first major event of the 1917
  February Revolution?
• - Peasants began to seize land

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• 29. How did the Duma respond to the revolution?
• - It formed the Provisional Government which
  issued decrees

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• 30. What were the immediate consequences for the
  Tsar of the February Revolution?
• - His abdication

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• 31. Which two forms of government operated out of
  the Tauride Palace during most of 1917?
• -Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet

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• 32. Why were the Germans keen to help Lenin
  return to Russia in 1917?
• - Beginning a revolution would take Russia out of
  the war

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• 33. What were the four main points of Lenins
  April Thesis?
• - The Provisional Government was not to be
  supported, soldiers at the front were to
  fraternize, all land was to be nationalised,
  capitalism in Russia was to be abolished

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• 34. Why might Soviet Order Number One have a
  revolutionary effect on the army?
• -authority was removed from the officers,
  desertions increased, war weariness

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• 35. Why might the Bolsheviks be pleased about the
  growing unrest in Russia in 1917?
• -it gave them the opportunity to recruit support
  and publicise their aims

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• 36. What were the July Days?
• - Regiments of soldiers refused to go back to the
  front, there was civil unrest in Petrograd, the
  Bolsheviks were unprepared to take control, the
  government falsified reports that Lenin was
  working for the Germans, Lenin fled to Finland,
  many Bolsheviks were arrested

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• 37. Why did Kornilov attempt to send troops into
  Petrograd?
• -PM Kerensky tried to restore order but his
  measures did not go far enough for some
  conservative army officers. General Kornilov
  decided to march on Petrograd and arrest
  Kerensky. Kerensky denounced Kornilov and asked
  the Soviet for help. Trotsky organised the Red
  Guard to protect the Provisional Government and
  gained a degree of legitimacy for their actions.

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• 38. Why did the Provisional Government ultimately
  fail?
• -it failed to end an unpopular war, it failed to
  transfer land to the peasants fast enough, it
  failed to alleviate food shortages in the cities,
  it failed to prevent the collapse of industrial
  production

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• 39. Why was the Bolshevik Revolution successful?
• - The army wanted decisive leadership, peasants
  were looking for faster changes to their lives
  and conditions, ordinary people wanted changes in
  the political system, Lenin was organised

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• 40. Why did the Russians sign the Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk?
• -the Russian army was in disarray, Russias
  allies did not recognise the Soviet regime and
  did not support Russia withdrawing from the war,
  Ukraine declared itself independent and signed a
  separate peace

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• 41. What was the function of the Cheka?
• -to prevent a counter-revolution, arrest
  counter-revolutionaries, seek out enemies of the
  party

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• 42. What was the Red Terror?
• - A period following the revolution where
  perceived enemies of the state were destroyed

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• 43. Which three countries sent money to help
  Lenins cause before 1917?
• - Japan, Germany , USA

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• 44. Which foreign countries supported the White
  Armies and why?
• - Britain, France, USA and Japan. They wanted to
  preserve the supplies they had already invested
  in Russia, to keep any willing Russians fighting
  in the war, to challenge the Bolshevik regime,
  prevent Bolshevism from spreading

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• 45. Why were the White Armies defeated?
• -they were not united, their morale was low,
  foreign support was disillusioned with helping
  Russian Whites, the Red Army was well equipped
  and organised

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• 46. How did War Communism impact upon ordinary
  people in Russia?
• -food was taken for the Red Army, an expensive
  black market developed, fuel was short, transport
  stopped

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• 47. Why was NEP an attempt at stimulating the
  economy?
• -food requisitioning was stopped, private
  enterprise was allowed, compulsory labour ceased,
  bonuses introduced for extra work, currency was
  stabilised

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• 48. Who did Lenin not want to be his heir?
• -Stalin Lenin thought he was a monster

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• 49. Which of the Tsars children was rumoured to
  have survived the revolution?
• -Anastasia and sometimes Alexis as well

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• 50. What characteristics made Lenin a leader?
• - determined, single minded, educated, orator,
  dedicated, ruthless