Class Notes 17.2b (NB p. 23)

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Class Notes 17.2b (NB p. 23)
New war-time roles for women Clara Barton
Mary Ann Bickerdyce Susie King Taylor
Harriet Tubman Belle Boyd Rose Greenhow
Sarah Rosetta Wakeman Andersonville, Georgia
Elmira, New York Causes of death for
prisoners of war
Skip two blank lines between each one!
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Lesson 17.2b Women and Prisoners of War

• Today we will describe how women aided the war
  effort and discuss the conditions endured by
  prisoners of war.

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Vocabulary

• counterpart someone doing as you do, but on the
  other team or side
• exposure effects of being without protection
  from the weather
• dwarfed made to seem small by comparison

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Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?
• Give an example of suffering from exposure.
• Name someone who dwarfs you.
• Who is Mr. Murrays counterpart?

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What We Already Know

• Thousands of men, North and South, left their
  farms and offices to serve in the armed forces.

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What We Already Know

• In the North, Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation
  led tens of thousands of African Americans to
  join the Union army.

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What We Already Know

• Before the Civil War, few women worked outside
  their homes.

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Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• With so many men away at war, women in both the
  North and the South assumed increased
  responsibilities.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Women plowed fields and ran farms and plantations.

Read aloud with me!
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Women Aid the War Effort

• They also took over jobs in offices and factories
  that had previously been done only by men.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Other social changes came about because of the
  thousands of women who served on the front lines
  as volunteer workers and nurses.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Relief agencies put women to work washing
  clothes, gathering supplies, and cooking food for
  soldiers.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Battlefield nursing, which was once done only by
  men, became a respectable profession for many
  women during the Civil War.

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Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Women also played a key role as spies in both the
  North and the South.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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12. What new roles were taken on by women during
the Civil War?

1. Nursing
2. Holding positions in the government
3. Cooking and laundering for soldiers
4. Working on farms and plantations
5. Working in offices and factories
6. Spying for the government

Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Women Aid the War Effort

• Before the Civil War, most military nurses were
  men, like the poet Walt Whitman.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• By the end of the war, around 3,000 nurses had
  worked under the leadership of Dorothea Dix in
  Union hospitals.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Trained as a schoolteacher, Clara Barton was
  working for the government when the Civil War
  began.
• She organized a relief agency to help with the
  war effort.
• While our soldiers stand and fight, she said,
  I can stand and feed and nurse them.
• She also made food for soldiers in camp and
  tended to the wounded and dying on the
  battlefield.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• At Antietam, she held a doctors operating table
  steady as cannon shells burst all around them.
• The doctor called her the angel of the
  battlefield.
• After the war, Barton founded the American Red
  Cross.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a widow who made herbal
  medicine before the war.
• Her study of natural medicine, which stressed the
  benefits of clean water and cleanliness, is
  credited with saving more lives than all the army
  physicians.

• Bickerdyke volunteered to clean tents, set up
  field kitchens and operate army laundries. She
  brewed hot soups and prepared nutritious meals in
  field kitchens.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Known simply as Mother Bickerdyke, she followed
  the Union army and established more than 300
  field hospitals to assist sick and wounded
  soldiers.
• During battles, Mother Bickerdyke commonly
  risked her own life by searching for wounded
  soldiers on the battlefield.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Susie King Taylor was an African-American woman
  who wrote an account of her experiences as a
  volunteer with an African-American regiment.
• Married to a Negro soldier, she moved with her
  husband's regiment, serving as nurse and
  laundress, and teaching many of the black
  soldiers to read and write during their off-duty
  hours.

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Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Like their Northern counterparts, Southern women
  were also active as nurses and as volunteers on
  the front.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War nurse?

1. Clara Barton
2. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman
3. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
4. Susie King Taylor

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What did Clara Barton do after the war?

1. Helped to found the American Red Cross
2. Organized the World Health Organization
3. Became a wealthy businesswoman
4. Was appointed Surgeon General by the president

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Women also played a key role as spies in both the
  North and the South.

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Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Harriet Tubman served as a spy for Union forces
  along the coast of South Carolina.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• The most famous Confederate spy was Belle Boyd.
• Although she was arrested six times, she
  continued her work through much of the war.
• After the war, Boyd became an actress in England,
  but in 1869, she returned to the United States
  and began touring the country giving dramatic
  lectures about her life as a Civil War spy.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• A popular Washington widow and hostess when the
  Civil War began, Rose Greenhow used her feminine
  charms to pass along to Confederate officials
  information on the defenses of Washington and
  Union troop movements.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• She is credited with providing General P.G.T.
  Beauregard with information resulting in the
  Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in
  July 1861.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Both the Union and Confederate armies rejected
  the enlistment of women.
• Women who wanted to serve in the army disguised
  themselves as men and assumed masculine names.
• Because many of them successfully passed as men,
  it is impossible to know with any certainty how
  many women served in the Civil War.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• But at least 135 women soldiers are known to have
  fought in the Civil War disguised as men,
  although estimates believe the figure to be
  closer to 400.
• Of these brave women fighting on both sides of
  the line was one named Sarah Rosetta Wakeman.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Wakeman served from April 1862 and fought in the
  Battle of Pleasant Hill in April 1864.
• She died from dysentery on later that year.
• Her true gender was not known until Wakeman's
  many letters home were discovered many years
  later by a relative.

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Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• In some areas of the country, women formed Home
  Guards in order to protect the home front while
  the men and boys were gone.

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Women Aid the War Effort

• Some of these groups consisted only of teenagers
  and young women, who practiced and drilled and
  made their own uniforms to look like those worn
  by male soldiers.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War spy?

1. Harriet Tubman
2. Belle Boyd
3. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
4. Rose Greenhow

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Civil War Prison Camps

• Women caught spying were thrown into jail, but
  soldiers captured in battle suffered far more.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• At prison camps in both the North and the South,
  prisoners of war faced terrible conditions.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• One of the worst prison camps in the North was in
  Elmira, New York.
• In just one year, more than 24 percent of
  Elmiras 12,121 prisoners died of sickness and
  exposure to severe weather.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• Conditions were also horrible in the South.
• The camp with the worst reputation was at
  Andersonville, Georgia.
• Built to hold 10,000 prisoners, at one point it
  housed 33,000.
• A staggering 13,700 men died within thirteen
  months at Andersonville.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• Inmates had little shelter from the weather.
• Most slept in holes scratched in the dirt.
• Drinking water came from one tiny creek that also
  served as a sewer.

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Civil War Prison Camps
Read aloud with me!

• As many as 100 men per day died at Andersonville
  from starvation, disease, and exposure.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• People who saw the camps were shocked by the
  condition of the soldiers, comparing them to
  mummified corpses.

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Civil War Prison Camps

• Around 50,000 men died in Civil War prison camps.
  But this number was dwarfed by the number of dead
  on the battlefronts and even more from disease in
  army camps.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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What were two of the nations worst Civil War
prison camps?

1. Bradenton, Maryland
2. Elmira, New York
3. Andersonville, Georgia
4. Paducah, Kentucky
5. Evansville, Indiana

Be sure to choose TWO!
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13. Why did so many soldiers suffer and die
behind enemy lines in places like Andersonville,
Georgia and Elmira, New York?

1. They were army headquarters, and as such were
   targets for spies.
2. They were sites of early battles in which black
   troops led the attack.
3. They were prisonerofwar camps, where soldiers
   suffered disease and starvation.
4. They were part of Lee's second invasion of the
   North.