Title: WAN??????
1?5? ????????
- ????
- WAN??????
- ???WAN??
- PSTN?xDSL?ISDN?Cable Modem
- X.25?DDN ?FR ?ATM
- ?????????????????????????
25.1 WAN??
- WAN???
- ??????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ????????,??????(???)
- ?????????????,???
- ????????????????
- ?????????
- Pro??????????????
- Con??????????
3????????
4????????
- X.25???????
- ??X.25???????????????
- Frame Relay???
- ??????????????????
- ISDN???????
- ?????????????????????????????
- DDN?????
- ???????????????????????
- xDSL?????
- ?????????????????????
- ATM??????
- ?????????????????????????????
5????????
- ???OSI/RM?????
- ???PSTN?DDN?xDSL?SONET
- ?????ISDN?FR?ATM
- ???X.25
65.2 ??????
- ??????????
- ????????
- ??????????????(????????)
- ????(?????)?????
71. ????
- ?????????????????
- ??????,?????????
- ????
- ?????(CO),?????????????
- ???(?????????)??????
- ???(??????)?????????
8- ?????????
- PCM??
- ??????????64kb/s?PCM??????
- ?????
- ????????
- ??PCM????????????
- E1E5( DS1DS5)
- ?????????????
- ?????????????64kb/s?????
- ???????????,??????56kb/s
- ??ISDN?xDSL???????????
- ISDN 128kb/s, xDSL 512kb/s55Mb/s
92. SONET?????
- ?????????WAN????
- ??????(OC-1)?51.84Mb/s,????OC-192??OC-256(13.271Gb
/s),?p170?5.3 - ???ATM(??????)?????
- ATM?????155.52Mb/s?622.08Mb/s?????OC-3?OC-12
- ?????????(??)
10???
???
ATM ???
ATM ???
?? ???
?? ???
SONET???
?? ???
FDDI ???
FDDI
11- SONET????
- ????OSI????
- ??4???
- ????????????,????
- ???????????
- ?????????,??,????
- ????????,?????(ATM? FDDI?ISDN?SMDS?)???,?????????
?????SONET?? - ??p171,?5.4
12- SONET?????
- 810??(90?9?),??
- ????(3?,?27??)
- ??????3?(9??),????6?(18??)
- ?????(87?,?783??)
- ??????1?(9??),???86?(774??)
- ????????,?125µs????(TDM)
13- SONET???
- ?????,????????????
- ATM????ISDN???????
- ?????????
- SONET????
- ?????????????????
- ????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
- ?????????
- ????????
143. xDSL(?????)
- DSL??????????????????
- DSL????????????
- ????
- ????????????????????????????
- ???????????????,????????
- ?????????????!
- ????4kHz????????????
- DSL?????
- ???????????????
- WWW,??/??/????
15- DSL????????
- ADSL ????????(???????)
- RADSL ?????????????
- HDSL ?????????
- VDSL ??????????
- SDSL ???HDSL?????(HDSL2)
?? ???? (b/s) ?? ?? ???? POTS??
ADSL/ RADSL ??8M ??768k 3.55.5km ? ??????????? ???? ?
HDSL/ SDSL 1.544M? 2.048M 5km ? T1/E1????????????LAN????????????? ?
VDSL ??52M ??26M 0.31.5km ?? ????????????? ??LAN???????? ?
16- DSL?????
- 2B1Q(??????PAM???)
- ?4????????2?????
- ?????,????????????????
- ???????4kHz??,??????????
- CAP(?????????)
- ????????QAM,????????????
- ?????,?????????29???
- ??????????
- DMT(???????)
- ???????????????????256????4.3125kHz???,???????QAM
?? - ???,DMT???????25632kb/s8192kb/s
- ????????????,????????
- ??????????????????????????
- ??????,?1MHz???????8Mb/s?????
- ???ADSL???????(ITU-T G.922)?
17?????????
(S/N)
18ADSL(????????)
- ??????,???????
- ????
- G.992.1(G.dmt), G.992.2(G.lite)
- ??????
- ???CO(??)
- G.dmt640kb/s, G.lite512kb/s
- CO???(??)
- G.dmt6.144Mb/s(??8Mb/s),G.lite1.5Mb/s
- ?????????????????????????????
19- ADSL???
- ????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????????FTP?WWW?????
- ???????????NEXT??
- ?????????????????
- ???????,???????????
- ?????????,????
- ????
- ??04kHz,??30kHz1.1MHz
- ?????????????/??????
- ???????,????(???????)?
20ADSL?????
????????????????,???????????????????????
21ADSL????
- ???????????????
- ???????
- ATU-R (ADSL Transmission Unit)
- ???ADSL Modem?ADSL?????????
- DMT?????,????,??
- ???
- ???????????
- ??????
- DSL?????(DSL Access Multiplexer,DSLAM)
- ADSL?????
- ???/ATU-C??
- ??????ADSL Modem????
22ADSL????
23ADSL????
- PPPoE(PPP over Ethernet)
- ????HUB???????????ATU-R
- ?????,?????????ATU-R??
- ??PPPoE???,?PPP?????????
- ?????????ADSL??
244. ????????
- HFC(????????)
- ???????CATV????????
- ??????p181,??????
- ????
- ????,??????
- ????,?????????
- ????????????(Cable Modem)
- ????????????,????????(10-30Mb/s)
- ??
- ???CATV???????
- ???????
- ??????????????,?????
- ????????,??????,?????????
25- ????
- FTTx
- xH(ome)?B(uilding)? Z(one)?C(oner)
- FTTH????,?????,????????
- ????????FTTB?FTTZ?FTTC?
- ??????p183????,??????
- ????????FTTx????????????????
- FTTxLAN?FTTxxDSL?FTTxWLAN?
- ???
- ?????,????155Mb/s,????622Mb/s
- ?????,????????
265.3 ??????????
- ????
- PSTN?ISDN??,???144kb/s
- ???????????/????????LAN?????????
- ??????
- ????
- X.25????????(64kb/s)
- ??????????
- ??????(2Mb/s??)
- ???????,??????????????
- ??????
- ????
- ???????????????
- ???????????????????,?DDN
- ??N64kb/s(1N 30),??????E1??
- ??,????????
275.4 ?????????
- 1. HDLC(??????????)
- ??
- SDLC,IBM,SNA????????,1974
- HDLC,ISO,????????????
- LAP,CCITT(ITU-T),X.25????????
- LAPB,ITU-T,?????????
- ?????????
- HDLC?????????
- ??????/??(??????????)
- ??????(?????)
28???????????????????????
???????????????????????
???????????????,???????,??????????
29- ?????????
- ??????(NRM)
- ??????,?????????????????
- ?????????
- ??????(ARM)
- ?????????????????,?????????????????????????
- ?????????
- ??????(ABM)
- ??????????????????????????????
- ????????
30?????????(01111110B,7EH)
????????????????,?????????
???????5???1,??????0?
??????0??(5???1???0???)?
?????????,?????????????????????
???????,????????,?????????????
??????(?????)??????(????)?
??1???????,?0???????,?????254??
?????????,CRC16???????????????
??????????
31- HDLC??????
- ??????1?2????????
N(S)?N(R)??8??,????0-7?8???
N(S)?????? N(R)??????????(????N(R)-1?????????)?
P/F????????????????????,???P/F1??
??????????????????????P/F??1,???
??????
S?2?,???????????
M?5?,??????????
32- S?????
- S00,????(RR?)
- ??N(R)-1?????,?????N(R)???
- S01,??(REJ?)
- ????N(R)??????? (Go_Back_N ARQ) ?
- S10,?????(RNR?)
- ??N(R)-1?????,?N(R)?????????????
- S11,????(SREJ?)
- ???????N(R)?? (????ARQ)?
- M?????32???????,??????
- SNRM/SARM/SABM??????/????/??????
- DISC????
- DM???????,????(???????????)
- UA???????
- UP?????
33HDLC??????????
??????????
34- 2. PPP(?????)
- ???????????????????????
- ??????
- ???????????????
- ???????????????????????(LCP)
- ???????????????????????(NCP)?
- PPP???
- ?????????,???????????????
- ????
- ?IP?????????
- ???????????
- ???????????????????
- ??????????IP??????????????
- ??PAP(??????)?CHAP(????????)???
- ??????????????
35- PPP???????(???????)
- PPP??????????????
- ????
- ?????????,????????????????
- ????
- ???PPP??????????LCP???????????(??,???????/??LCP?)?
- ??
- ??,???????????(LCP???????)?
- ???????
- ???????????(IP?IPX?)????,???IP?????????????,PPP???
??? - ?????,??????????,???????
- ????
- ???????????????????????????????????????????,PPP???
??? - PPP???????????
365.5 ???????(PSTN)
- ???POTS(????????)
- ??
- ????,???????,???????
- ????????,????????
- ?????????
- ?????????MODEM
- ????????????,???56kb/s
- ???????
37- PSTN?????
- ???????RS-232(DTE?Modem?????)
- ??????PPP(?SLIP,??????)
- ????PPP????????????
???
IP/IPX/
?????
PPP/SLIP
RS-232
???
38- ??PSTN?????
- ??????????,???????IE??
- ????
39- ???????????
- ??????????
- ??????????
- ????(Modem),??????????
- ???????????????
- ???
- ??????????
- ???,???56kb/s
- ???????
405.6 ???????(ISDN)
- ??????????????????
- ??
- B-ISDN
- ????,????????(ATM)
- ?????Up to 622Mb/s or Higher
- N-ISDN(ISDN, ???)
- ????,???????????,????????
- ??????????,????
- ?????????UNI
- ????????(????8?,??????3???)
- ??????,???????
41- ISDN?????????
- D??16kb/s????
- ??????(????)
- B??64kb/s????
- ???????????
- ?B???????4??????
- ????,???????????
- ?????(????),????,????????
- ????,??ISDN???X.25?????
- ???,??ISDN????????
- ???????????????(?????????)???????,????????
- ??????BRI2BD
- ?????PRI30BD
42B?????????,????????,?????????
D
BRI
B1
B2
?????,????????????????,???????
????????,26416144kb/s
43- ISDN?????
- ?????I.430(BRI)?I.431(PRI)
- ???
- ??LAPD(I.441/Q.921)
- ??PPP?FR?LAPB(X.25)?
- ???
- ??I.451/Q.931
- ??IP?X.25
??(D??)
????(B??)
I.451/Q.931
IP/IPX
X.25
???
LAPD
PPP
FR
LAPB
?????
I.430/I.431
???
???? ???? ??? ????
44- ISDN??????
- ?ISDN?,??????????
- ??????,??NT1
- ??????????????(?????????????LAN),??NT2
- ??ISDN?????(?ISDN?????ISDN???),??TE1???
- ??????(?PC??),??TE2???
- ISDN?????,???TA,????TE2
- ????????????
- ???UNT1?ISDN???????
- ???T?????NT1(ISDN??)???
- ???STE1/TA?NT2???
- ???RTE2?TA???
45??????,???????
46??????????,?????????????
??????,?????????????????
475.7 ?????DDN
- ?????????????
- ????????????????
- ??????????
- ?????(Permanent Virtual Circuit,PVC)
- ??????????
- ??????????
- DDN?????????????????????????,?????????????????????
???????? - ????????????,???????????,?????????,???????????
48- DDN????????2.048Mb/s(E1),??32?64kb/s??(PCM??)
- ??????lt64kb/s?,???????
- ????????????PCM???
- ??????64kb/s?,??????
- PCM???????????????PCM??,??30?????????(?????/??)?
- ???????PCM????????????,?????N64kb/s(N131)
- ???E1???????N????
49- DDN?????
- ?????RS-232?V.35??????
- ??????ISDN??,?????????
- PPP?FR?LAPB(X.25)?HDLC?
- ???IP?X.25?
IP/IPX
X.25
???
PPP
FR
LAPB
HDLC
?????
RS-232 / V.35 /
???
50- DDN????
- ??????????????????????
- ??????
- ???????????????(DSU/CSU)?????????/????????
- DDN?????????????(DCS)
- NMC????
- ????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????
?????
DSU/CSU???????? 1. ???????????E1????????????? 2.
?E1???????????,???????????????
DDN??
NMC
????
????
DDN??
DDN??
DDN??
51- DDN???????
- ????(??)
- ??????????????????(????),??????64Kbit/s2.048Mbit/
s??? - ???
- DDN??????(Frame Relay)??,????2.048Mb/s?
- ????/G3??
- ????/??????DDN???????(VSM),?VSM????????????????,DD
N????VSM??????????????? - ????
- ????DDN????????????,??????????????????
52- DDN???
- ?????
- 64kb/s? N64kb/s?2.048Mb/s?
- ?????
- ????,?????(?????450µs)?
- ?????
- ?????,??????????
- ????
- ????????????????
- ????
- ???????,???????????????
- ????,?????
- ????
- HOST-HOST?LAN-LAN?LAN-WAN????????????????????????
53 545.8 X.25?????
- X.25??
- ?????????????????????DTE?????????DCE??????
- ???WAN????
- 1976??CCITT(???ITU-T)??,???????(PDN)
- 1992???,???64kb/s???2.048Mb/s?
- X.25???DTE?DCE???,????????????
55- X.25??????????
- ??? OSI????????3?
- ??????
- ??????????????
- ????WAN????????
- ?????????????????????
- ????,?????????????
- ????????
- ?????PDU???????????X.25???????????
- ????64kb/s(2.048Mb/s,??)?
56- X.25???????
- ???OSI??????????
?????ITU-T X.21??????,?????15??????(2),
??(2),??(2)?
???????LAPB???????????????????????
?????????(???),?????????,????????
(??,??)???????4095?????
57- X.25??????
- X.25??????????????????
- ?????????4095?????
- DTE????????????????????(????16??????)?
- X.25???????????????PVC??????SVC
- PVC???????????,????/????
- ?????????????????????
- SVC???????????
- ?????????????????
58- X.25????????
- ????
- DTE??????,?????????
- DCE??????,?????
- ????????Modem
- ?????????????????????PSE??
- PAD????/????
PAD??????????X.25????DTE?DCE??,???????????????
?????????,??PSE???????PSE???,????PSE???,??????????
?????
PSE??????????????
59- X.25???
- ????
- ??????????????????????
- ????
- ??????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????
- ??????,?????,???????
- ??????
- TCP/IP?IPX/SPX?AppleTalk?DECnet?
- ????????,X.25???????????
- PDU????X.25????????????????
60- X.25????????????
- ?????????????????
- ????
- ????? vs ??
- ??????
- ??? vs ???????
X.25 Internet
???? ???
????????????,??????? ????????????,???????
????????????? ???????????????????
61X.25
64kb/s
64kb/s
??Modem
??Modem
???
???
LAN1
LAN2
625.9 ???(Frame Relay, FR)
- 1984??ITU-T??
- ?ITU-T.451?Q.931?Q.922????
- ?????1000??????WAN??
- ???X.25??????????????
- ????????????????????,?????????????????????????
- ????????????
- ???????PC?????????????????
63- ????????
- ???OSI???????????
- ????????????
- ???????????????,????X.25????,????????????,????????
??????? - ?????????????????????????????????????????????
- ?????(PVC/SVC)???????,????????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????????????????????
- IP?IPX?AppleTalk
- PPP(??TCP/IP?IPX/SPX?NetBEUI)
- ?????56kb/s?2.048Mb/s?45Mb/s?
64- ??????
- ??????????X.25??????????????????
- ?????,???????1600?????
- ???????????????????,???????????,??????????????????
???????? - ??PVC?SVC?????,???????????,????PVC?
- ???????????,?????,?????????????????
- ??????????????????(?TCP/IP)???
65X.25 ???
???? ???????????? ??
????? PVC?SVC,??3??? PVC?SVC,??2???
?/???? PAD FRAD
???? ????? ???,??????????
???? ????? ??????
???? ???????? ??????
?? ????????????? ??
????? ?? ??
FRAD?????/??????????????????????????????,??DTE???
??????LAN???FRAD?????,???????????????????????????
?????,?LAN?????????
66??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
???
??
???
????
????
X.25?????????
??????????
??
??
??
??
????
????
???
??
????
????
???
??
X.25?????
????????
67- ????????
- ??????????
- ??LAN??????
- ?????
- ???????????????????,?CAD/CAM??
- ??????
- ???????????????????,???????,????????????????
- ??????
- ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
68- ??????????
- ?????????????
- ?????????????
- ??LMI??????
- ???????????????,?????
- ??LAPF(Link Access Procedure for Frame-mode
Bearer Service)????????????
69- LAPF??????????
- ???LAPF???????????
- ???????
- ??????????????
- ????DLCI????????????
- ??????????
- ?????
- ???(??HDLC)
?????????(?????),???????????10??16??23??
????????(Front Explicit Congestion
Notification)???????,?????????????
????????(Back Explicit Congestion
Notification)???????,?????????????
???????????,????????????
??????????????3??4????
70- ???WAN???
- FRS????????
- FRAD?????/????
??FRAD??????
??FRAD??????
FRS
FRS
FRS
FRS
???WAN
??FRAD??????
??FRAD??????
71- ?????????
- ??DLCI(?????????),DLCI???????(2????????1024?)?
- DLCI???????,???????????????????DLCI???????
- FRS??????
- ????????,FRS???????????
- FRS????????????????
- FRS?????DLCI????????????,????????DLCI?????????,???
??????????????????,???,??DLCI??????DLCI(????????
??DLCI???????)?
72Q IP???????DLCI? A ???????????????????
NET1
NET2
R1
102
R2
101
106
100
???A????
IN DLCI OUT DLCI
11 100 12 103
11 101 13 104
11 102 14 105
11
B
22
103
???B????
12
21
IN DLCI OUT DLCI
21 103 22 106
14
104
A
13
105
31
32
C
107
R3
R4
???C????
NET3
NET4
IN DLCI OUT DLCI
31 104 32 107
735.10 ??????(ATM)
- ATM?????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????
- ??????????????????????
- ATM????????53??????,????(Cell)
- ??5??????,48???????
- ??????????????????
- ???????10Gb/s,????40Gb/s
- ?????QoS(????)???
- ??????????,???????????
- ATM??????????(B-ISDN)???????
- ???????,????????
- ?????????,???FE?GE????
74- ATM?????
- ?????(5?????48??????)
- ???????
- ????????????????
- ????????UTP?STP?MMF?SMF
- ???1.544Mb/s?10Gb/s
- ???QoS(??????)??
- ??4???
- ?????(CBR)??
- ?????(VBR)??
- ?????(ABR)??
- ?????(UBR)??
CBR?????????,????????????????
VBR?????????,???????,????????
ABR?????????,???????????
UBR??????????,???????????
75- ATM??????
- ????,???OSI??????????
- ATM??????????????????,????ATM???????????
- ATM?????,????,??/??????
- ATM?????????????,???????????????QoS???
OSI
ATM
?????
???
76- 1?AAL???( AAL)
- ??????(????)???,ATM??????
- ??????????????????
- ??
- ??????????48???????,??????????????
- ?????????????,?????????AAL??????5?AAL
- AAL1CBR??,?????????
- AAL2VBR??,????????????
- AAL3/4VBR??,??LAN??,??????????????
- AAL5 VBR??,???,????IP?X.25?FR????????????????
- IP-Over-ATM???????AAL5???TCP/IP??
77????CS
CS??
CS??
CS-PDU
??????? SAR
SAR-PDU
78- 2?ATM?
- ???ATM????????????
- ?????SAR-PDU??????
- ????(????????)
- ?????????
- ????????(?????????????)?
- ATM????
???? (5??)
????(SAR-PDU) (48??)
4 8 16 3 1 8 bits
????????UNI??????????NNI???,???????8???12??VPI?
???????????????????????
?????????????????????????,CLP1??????????
???????????????????????? ????????
???/????????????????????
79???(VC)????(VP)
- ????VPI?VCI??????????????
- VPI?VCI????????(?????????)
- VC?VP??????????????
- VC????????ATM????????
- ????????????????(VC Connection,VCC)
- VP????????
- ????????????????(VP Connection,VPC)
- ????????????????????VP????
- ??VP????VC
- ATM???????????????????
- ???????????,????????????
80- ATM?????????
- VC???
- ??VC????,???VC???VCI??????VC?????VCI?
- ?????VP??VC??????VP??VC?
- ???
- VP???
- ??VP????,???VP???VPI??????VP?????VPI?
- VPI???,?VP????VC????,????
- VP???
- ???
81- 3?ATM???
- ?????????????
- ??25Mb/s10Gb/s
- ???????????
- ????
- ????????PMD
- ????/?????/???????????????/????????????
- PMD??
- ????????SDH/SONET
- ??????????????E??
- ????,??????????ATM??
- ??????TC
- ?????/??????????????/????????????????????(??????/?
?)?HEC??
82- ATM?????
- ????ATM??
- ??????ATM??
??
83- ATM???
- ??LAN?????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ?????????
- Windows2000/XP/2003???ATM??
- ?????
- ??ATM?LAN-LAN??
- ??FR?????,????ATM????FR?
- ?ATM???SMDS(???????)?????DBDQ(IEEE802.6 MAN??)??
84- ATM????
- ???????????????????
- ATM???????????????
- ?????????????????????
- ??????????
- ????????????????????????
- ???QoS(??????)??
- ??????????????????????,???????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ????????????????????,????????????
- ????(????????)????
- ?????QoS?????????,???????(FE/GE)?ATM????????
85????
- WAN??????,??????,???????????????
- WAN??????????????????
- WAN???????OSI???3??
- WAN??????????PPP?HDLC?(??HDLC?LAPB)?
- ??WAN??
- PSTN??????,???????
- ADSL??????,?????????????????
- ISDN??????,??????????????
- DDN??????,??????????
- X.25??????,?????????X.25????????
- FR???????????,????????
- ATM???????????????,?B-ISDN???????
86? ?
- P220
- 3?4?7?8?9?14?15
- ??
- 1. ?ADSL???????????????,?????????(??????????????)
- 2. ????????????LAN,?????????????????????????
?????!
87???? ??(b/s)
??????? 256k
???? 16k-64k
E1??????HiFi 2M
????? 8M-32M
???? 34M
????? 100M
HDTV 140M(???)
?????????? 512M