BME 301

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BME 301

• Lecture Twenty-Three

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(No Transcript)
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How are health care technologies managed?
Research Funding
Regulatory Approval
Examples
Vitamin C treatment for scurvy
MRI
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Reimbursement
Diffusion
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US RD Expenditures
http//www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind02/c4/fig04-09.gif

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Who Funds RD? Who Does RD?
http//www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind02/c4/fig04-12.gif

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RD Funding for Biomedical Research

• Federal government
• Funds 36 of all medical research in US
• Mostly funded through NIH
• Current NIH budget 28 billion/year
• NIH budget doubled from 1998-2003
• This year 2 increase
• Focus is on basic research

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US Senate Report May, 2000

• 21 drugs introduced between 1965 and 1992
• Considered by experts to have had highest
  therapeutic impact on society
• Public funding of research was instrumental in
  development of 15 of the 21 drugs (71)
• Three-captopril (Capoten), fluoxetine (Prozac),
  and acyclovir (Zovirax)-had more than 1 billion
  in sales in 1994 and 1995
• Others, including AZT, acyclovir, fluconazole
  (Diflucan), foscarnet (Foscavir), and
  ketoconazole (Nizoral), had NIH funding and
  research to help in clinical trials

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NIH

• National Cancer Institute
• National Eye Institute
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
• National Human Genome Research Institute
• National Institute on Aging
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
  Alcoholism
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
  Diseases
• National Institute of Arthritis and
  Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
• National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and
  Bioengineering
• National Institute of Child Health and Human
  Development
• National Institute on Deafness and Other
  Communication Disorders
• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
  Research
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
  Kidney Diseases
• National Institute on Drug Abuse
• National Institute of Environmental Health
  Sciences
• National Institute of General Medical Sciences
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
  Stroke
• National Institute of Nursing Research
• National Library of Medicine

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The Funding Process

• NIH ? Issues request for proposals
• Investigator ? Writes a proposal
• Hypothesis
• Background Significance
• Preliminary Results
• Research Design and Methods
• Protection of Animals and Human Subjects
• Peer-Review
• Score
• Comments
• Institutional Review
• Funding Decision

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Scores

• 1/3 Unscored
• 2/3 Scored
• 100 best
• 500 worst
• Typically need score of 100-170 to be funded
• Approximately 15-20 of submitted proposals are
  funded
• Summary sheet

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NIH Grant Review Process
http//www.csr.nih.gov/imgs/revprocess.jpg
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NIH Grant Review Process

• http//www.csr.nih.gov/Video/Video.asp

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Types of Universities

• Carnegie Classification
• Taxonomy of colleges and universities
• Doctorate-Granting Institutions
• Research Universities I
• Research Universities II
• Doctoral-Granting Universities I
• Doctoral-Granting Universities II
• Masters (Comprehensive) Colleges Universities
• Baccalaureate Colleges

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Research I Universities
http//www.carnegiefoundation.org/Classification/i
mages/figure2.gif

• Offer full range of baccalaureate programs
• Committed to grad education through PhD
• Give high priority to research
• Award 50 or more doctoral degrees/year
• Receive at least 40 million/year in federal
  support

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Research Grant Funding at UT

• 1990
• 150M total
• 90M Federal
• 2001
• 309M total
• 209M Federal

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Too Much Emphasis on Research?

• April 22, 2004
• http//www.dailytexanonline.com/news/2004/04/22/Op
  inion/Uts-commitment.To.Teachers-668016.shtml

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Assignments Due Next Time

• April 29th
• Exam III
• Practice exam available Saturday
• May 4th
• Projects Due
• http//www.utexas.edu/research/rsc/humanresearch/f
  orms/topics.doc
• Group 3 Presentations
• HW10
• May 6th
• Review for final
• May 18th
• Final Exam 9 am Noon