World Tourism

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World Tourism
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The Development of Tourism in Goa, India
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Activities

1. Create a table and of tourism in Goa under
   the following headings environment, economy,
   social/cultural influences. Fill this in as we go
   along.
2. Can the enclave model be related to Goa?
3. Overall, has tourism been a good development
   plan?

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Goa An Introduction

• Goa is a small state on the west coast of India
  with a population of 1.16 million. It was a
  Portuguese colony for 300 years (1440-1740)
  although the Portuguese influence was restricted
  to the coastal areas. We can see this
  particularly well in the 'Old Conquest' area,
  which is the part of Goa most popular with
  European tourists In contrast, Indian tourists
  tend to visit areas further inland which have
  Hindu temples, such as Ponda.
• The tourist boom began in the 1960s when young
  people, rejecting conventional society of the
  developed countries, travelled to Goa. They
  brought 'hippie' tourism to this part of India
  and even in 1995 all foreign tourists in Goa are
  known locally as 'hippies'.

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The governments plan

• In the mid-1980s, the Indian Government drew up a
  Tourist Development Plan designating Goa as a
  tourist development area.
• The plan proposed a wide range of tourist
  facilities with large five-star hotels as well as
  smaller, cheaper hotels.

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Environmental concerns

• Building close to the shore line -the law was
  then changed permitting hotel companies to build
  as close as 200 meters to the beaches.
• Increasing numbers of high-rise buildings -
  Originally, the legal limit for the height of
  buildings across all of Goa was two storeys, so
  that no building should be higher than the palm
  trees. However, pressure from hotel developers
  has meant a change in building regulations so
  that there are now three- and four-storey hotels

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More serious environmental concerns

• The sewerage system -During the peak season,
  between October and May, there is a massive
  influx of tourists to Goa. However, there is no
  adequate sewerage system to cope with the
  increase in numbers of people. Most hotels,
  therefore, discharge their wastes directly into
  the sea.
• Water supply - The hotels in Goa require enormous
  quantities of fresh water for washing, swimming
  pools and the irrigation of gardens. In fact,
  clean drinking water is piped directly to some
  hotels, while many local people do not even have
  water on tap in their homes.
• Waste disposal
• This is a relatively recent problem. The hotels,
  restaurants and shops buy food packed in plastic
  containers which soon litter the streets. At
  present, there is no co-coordinated refuse
  collection or waste management in Goa.

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• Child Prostitution profits from tourism rarely
  reach the local people.
• Acid parties raves children skip school to
  peddle drugs to western tourists.
• Tourists insult locals by sunbathing nude.
• One 5 hotel consumes as much water as 5
  villages.
• One tourist consumes 28x more electricity than a
  local Goan.
• No real respect or understanding given to local
  carnivals culture.
• Tourist boats pollute the water scare fish
  away.
• Many beaches inaccessible problematic for
  fishermen.
• Many palm trees cut down for development.

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• From The Curtain of AffluenceLook behind the
  curtain,Tourist, and see what I have
  seen.You're living an illusion,but my life is
  reality.

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Ecotourism in Belize
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Belize- An Introduction

• British colony between 1638 and 1981, Belize is
  a small country on the edge of the Caribbean Sea.
  Belize particularly welcomes tourists who seek
  the attractions of a varied, natural, unspoilt
  environment. You will experience the wilds of
  over 2000 km2 untouched mangrove swamps, wetland
  savanna, mountain pine forests as well as
  tropical rain forests. In every area there is a
  vast mix of wildlife including the jaguar, howler
  monkey, tapir and manatee. At the coast, we can
  offer you the longest barrier reef in the western
  hemisphere - second longest in the world!
• You can also see tremendous archaeological sites
  in Belize. Remains of the Mayan.

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Development Strategy

• Belize is almost totally undeveloped and only 15
  per cent of its land area is cultivated). As a
  country that recently gained its independence
  from the British (1981) Belize is now keen to
  increase its income. In 1992 Belize only had a
  per capita GNP of US2200 while 20 per cent of
  its population of 203 957 were unemployed. The
  Belize government therefore sees tourism as
  essential for increasing foreign exchange
  earnings.

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Activities

• 1. According to Butler's model, at what stage of
  development is tourism in Belize?
• 2. Decide whether you would like to visit
  Belize. List those features that attract you,
  are not interesting to you.

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The tourism industry begins

• The government of Belize advertises the country
  as 'friendly and unspoilt', and as 'Belize - so
  natural'. Although the country is in the early
  stages of developing its tourist industry, it is
  keen to avoid the problems associated with mass
  tourism - pollution high-rise resorts crowding
  a deteriorating natural environment. Belize
  therefore promotes small-scale development and
  tries to foster sustainable tourism.
• However, each year increasing numbers of visitors
  are arriving in Belize. In 1994, tourist arrivals
  were about 200 000 per annum but the average
  growth rate stands at 43 per cent. Much of this
  growth is because of Belize's position close to
  some of the world's mass tourist resorts. It is
  only a short trip from the tourist 'crowds' of
  Miami and New Orleans in the USA, and Cancun in
  Mexico, to the relative remoteness of Belize

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Sustainable tourism

• The government of Belize has designated over 30
  per cent of the entire land area as national
  reserves. As part of this scheme, farming is
  banned in the reserves because the government is
  concerned that both traditional, subsistence,
  'slash-and-burn' cultivation and more commercial
  farming will upset the local ecosystem - and so
  threaten the country's ecotourism potential.
• The government has, though, tried to consider the
  subsistence farmers living on the reserves. Thus,
  efforts are being made to incorporate the
  farmers' needs with the needs of the growing
  tourist industry. For example, at the Community
  Baboon Sanctuary, local farmers have agreed to
  limit their slash-and-burn practices and so
  protect the habitat of the native howler monkeys.
  In return, the farmers receive an income from
  work in tourism as more tourists are attracted to
  the area.

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Development

• The challenge for Belize's government is to cope
  with increasing numbers of tourists while
  protecting the country's fragile ecosystem.
  Development, of whatever size, therefore requires
  careful planning.
• Along the coast, development has involved the
  clearing of mangrove swamps in the north to make
  room for hotels. However, mangroves perform vital
  ecological functions without which, the whole
  coastal area is at risk. Primarily, the mangroves
  provide rich feeding grounds for fish. Secondly,
  the swamps protect against coastal erosion.
• On the island of Caye Caulker, the recent
  building of an airstrip has destroyed nesting
  sites. It has also created a lake of stagnant
  water which may provide a breeding ground for
  malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

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Write a dialogue between Belize's minister for
tourism, trying to promote tourism for maximum
economic gain, and the environment minister,
trying to minimise the impact of tourism and
protect the welfare of local people. a Consider
the tensions and problems these ministers face
including how tourism might affect the lives
of people living in rural Belize how
increasing numbers of tourists are putting
pressure on the government to develop along more
commercial lines. b Try to agree on a plan for
the future of tourism in Belize.