The Advent of Jazz

1
The Advent of Jazz

• The Dawn of the 20th Century

2
Blues The Roots

• View the opening video on jazz. List 3 things
  that you found interesting or worth noting.

3
Blues Musicians

• Blues music was brought to New Orleans by blacks
  looking for better-paying jobs on the waterfront.

4
New Orleans Melting Pot of Sound

• Jazz grew out of the African-American community
  at the turn of the 20th century, a time when
  blacks were being denied their most basic rights.

5
New Orleans

• The birthplace of jazz is New Orleans, the most
  cosmopolitan city in the South.

6
New Orleans

• At the turn of the 20th Century, New Orleans was
• Sophisticated
• Progressive urban center
• Diverse in culture, music and celebration

7
A Fusion of Sounds

• Jazz grew out of a number of different styles of
  music in the late 1890s.
• Characteristics were syncopated, improvisational
  and emotionally powerful.

8
Listening

• Listen to the following early influences of jazz
  and briefly describe what you hear.
• Funeral bands/marches
• African rhythms
• Latin/Caribbean rhythms
• Classical piano
• Opera
• Military music
• Ragtime
• Blues
• Black holiness churches -

9
What and when was Reconstruction?

• 1865-1877
• Was a period of social and political rebuilding
  following the Civil War.
• A time of unprecedented freedom for African
  Americans

10
What is Plessy V. Ferguson?

• In 1896, the United States Supreme Court found in
  Plessy v. Ferguson that separate but equal
  facilities were constitutional.

11
What is Jim Crow?

• By the end of the 19th century, the term had
  become synonymous with the systematic
  discrimination and segregation of black Americans
  across the South.

12
Early Influences of Jazz

• Ragtime - was first heard in black neighborhoods
  in Midwestern cities.
• It was the outgrowth of the African-American
  tradition of raggingsyncopating and
  rearranging every kind of music to create
  livelier, more danceable versions.

13
Early Influences of Jazz

• Blues - when New Orleans musicians began to play
  the blues on their instruments, an agreed-upon
  form started to develop three chords, most often
  arranged in 12-bar sequences

14
Early Influences of Jazz

• Black Holiness Church Music
• almost identical to the blues
• same rhythms
• same moans and cries and bent notes
• same call-and-response structure
• All of this would be echoed in jazz.

15
First Jazz Musicians

• Buddy Bolden

16
Buddy Bolden

• Born in 1877.
• He was among the first to combine the syncopation
  of ragtime with the blues.

17
Dixieland Jazz Band

• Were the first Jazz musicians to have a
  nationwide hit in 1917.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v79xeGcBBdf4feature
  related

18
Jazz

• Alternately spelled jas, jass, and jaz,
  among other variations, the term is most likely
  Creole or West African in origin, possibly
  stemming from a word meaning energy or drive.

19
Characteristics of Jazz

• Syncopated rhythms
• Call and response
• Improvisational

20
Jazzs Popularity

• Recordings of jazz became available
• Creole and African American jazz artists moved
  out of New Orleans and took this musical style
  with them.

21
Review

• Blues music was brought to New Orleans by blacks
  seeking what?
• Jazz emerged among black musicians in New Orleans
  in the late 1890s as a fusion of a number of
  musical styles. Choose the grouping of words that
  best describes the style of jazz.

22
Review

• Toward the end of the 19th century, three
  important causes of race-related conflict were?
• In the 1890s, a man named Homer Adolph Plessy
  presented his case before the Supreme Court to
  argue?

23
Review

• What musical styles best anticipated the birth of
  jazz?
• At the turn of the 20th century, Why was New
  Orleans considered the most cosmopolitan city in
  the South?

24
Review

• Although he was never recorded, one of the first
  jazz instrumentalists to combine the polyphony of
  marching bands with the emotional power of the
  blues was who?

25
Review

• The first nationwide jazz hit was performed by
  what jazz band?
• Which of the following is least associated with
  jazz music?
• syncopated rhythms
• call and response
• improvisation
• vaudeville

26
Review

• Despite the racial oppression that characterized
  the era, jazz music gained popularity because
• segregation prevented whites from playing jazz
• recordings of jazz music became available
• Creole and African American jazz artists moved
  out of New Orleans and took this musical style
  with them
• B and C