Affluence and Anxiety

1
Chapter 23

• Affluence and Anxiety

2
The Red Scare

• Russian Revolution
• Bolshevik
• Communist revolution
• John Reed
• Ten Days That Shook the World

3
The Red Menace and the Palmer Raids

• Bolshevik strikes
• Bomb-throwing radicals
• A. Mitchell Palmer
• Red menace
• J. Edgar Hoover
• Red raids
• Civil liberties?
• Billy Sunday
• American Legion

4
Race and Religion

• The Ku Klux Klan

• Ethnic and Religious Intolerance

• William J. Simmons (Ga.)
• Reconstruction-era
• Birth of a Nation
• Protestant, anti-foreign, anti-Semitic,
  anti-Catholic, anti-evolution, anti-rum
• ½ urban

• Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti
• Murder conviction
• Italian anarchists
• Henry Ford
• Dearborn Independent
• Anti-semitism

5
A Prosperous Economy

• Rising Standard of Living

• Rise of the Corporation

• Modern conveniences
• Telephones
• Cigarette lighters
• Reinforced concrete
• Dry ice
• Pyrex glass
• Bathrooms!
• Electricity

• The MERGE
• Oligopolies
• General Electric, General Motors, Sears Roebuck
• Alfred P. Sloan
• Compartmentalization
• Marketing / advertising
• Research
• Welfare capitalism pensions, cafeterias,
  vacation

6
A Global Automobile Culture

• Economic impact
• Petroleum, steel, rubber
• Credit
• Social impact
• Suburbia filling station, diner, overnight cabin
• Decline small stores, churches, schools
• Status
• Environmental impact
• Lincoln Highway
• Federal Highway Act

7
Henry Ford, the Mussolini of Detroit

• Assembly line
• Interchangeable parts
• Minimum pay increase
• Strong-handed
• Model T

8
A Communications Revolution

• Telephone
• Radio
• Movies

9
Clash of Values

• New culture consumption, pleasure, upward
  mobility, sex
• Traditional values hard work, thrift, church,
  family, home
• Threats bolshevism, relativism, Freudianism, and
  biblical criticism
• John Scopes
• Evolution
• Clarence Darrow
• William Jennings Bryan

10
Religious Fundamentalism

• Literally interpreted Bible
• Jesus Christ salvation
• Fanatical
• Billy Sunday
• Aimee Semple McPherson
• The Old Fashioned Revival Hour

11
Immigration and Migration

• Immigration restrictions
• Literacy tests
• Political radicals
• 3 percent cap
• 2 percent cap S, E Europe
• 0 percent cap Asia
• National Origins Act (27)
• Republican sponsored
• Democratic gains
• Labor
• Mexicans Blacks
• Chicago race riot (19)
• Du Bois We return fighting

12
Marcus Garvey Black Messiah

• Transformed Washingtons self-help philosophy
• Economic? political
• Universal Negro Improvement Association
• The Negro World
• Commercial enterprises
• Up you mighty race
• Universal African Legions
• Black Star Line
• Fraud
• Deported

13
Harlem Renaissance

• Alain Locke
• The New Negro
• Black writers, artists, musicians, intellectuals
• Black and American
• Langston Hughes
• Weary Blues
• Louis Armstrong
• Duke Ellington
• Josephine Baker
• Claude McKay
• Home to Harlem

14
The Lost Generation

• Disillusioned whites
• World War I
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• The Great Gatsby
• Ernest Hemingway
• The Sun Also Rises
• E. E. Cummings
• T. S. Eliot
• H. L. Mencken
• American Mercury

15
Women Struggle for Equality

• Flapper
• Sexual freedom
• Margaret Sanger
• Birth control
• Double-standard
• Workplace
• National League of Women Voters
• National Womens Party
• Alice Paul
• Militant

16
The Workers Share of Prosperity

• Rising inequalities
• Wages ? 21 percent
• Corporate dividends ? 66 percent
• 16 million families earned less minimum wage
• Labor unions ?
• AFL conservative
• United Mine Workers
• John L. Lewis

17
Harding and Coolidge

• 1920 Election beyond

• 1924 Election beyond

• Republicans
• Harding and Coolidge
• Smoke-filled compromise
• Return to normalcy
• Democrats
• James Cox and Roosevelt
• Conservatism reigns
• Corruption
• Teapot Dome Scandal
• Best-loved worse presidents
• Hardings death

• Republicans
• Coolidge and Charles Dawes
• Democrats
• John Davis
• Progressives
• Robert La Follette
• Andrew Mellon
• Tax policy
• Laissez-faire

18
Herbert Hoover

• Engineering humanitarian
• Commerce Secretary
• Harding Coolidge
• Food Administration
• World War I
• Standardization procedures
• Zoning
• Eight-hour workday
• Pediatric nutrition
• Pollution Act
• Regulate, stimulate, promote

19
Global Expansion

• Reluctant internationalists
• Debtor ? creditor nation
• U.S. role
• Reduce international conflict, resist revolution,
  free trade
• Washington Conference on Naval Disarmament (1921)
• Naval arms race
• Charles Evans Hughes
• 10-year holiday
• Tonnage ratios

• Increasing influence in Latin America
• Economic and political
• Nicaragua
• Mexico
• Great Britain and France debt
• Fordney-McCumber Tariff
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff
• German debt
• Kellogg-Briand pact
• Outlawed war

20
Temperance Triumphant

• Eighteenth Amendment
• Patriotism and Prohibition
• Pabst, Schlitz, Miller
• Volstead Act
• Speakeasies
• Bathtub gin
• Bootlegging
• Al Capone
• Repeal

21
Election of 1928

• Republicans
• Hoover
• Protestant drys
• Rural
• Progressive
• Democrats
• Alfred Smith
• Catholic wets
• Urban
• Progressive
• Results
• Hoover landslide
• Democrats won urban vote

22
Stock Market Crash

• Black Thursday
• 24 Oct 1929
• Rampant speculation
• Buying on margin
• Borrowing to invest
• Weak banking systems
• Domestic international
• Rise of protectionism
• Decline in farm prices