ESTERIFICATION

1
ESTERIFICATION
O
THE DOTTED WHITE LINE SHOWS WHERE THE NEW BOND
FORMS
C
C
C
C
C
PROPANOIC ACID
ETHANOL
O
C
C
C
C
C

HOH
ESTER LINKAGE
ESTERIFICATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF DEHYDRATION
SYNTHESIS, WATER IS REMOVED, IS A PRODUCT
ACID PART
ALCOHOL PART
ACID PART
ALCOHOL PART
ETHYL PROPANOATE
2
ADDITION (ALKENE)
2-BUTENE (CNH2N)
BROMINE
REMEMBER EACH C HAS 4 BONDS, EACH H ONLY 1,
EACH HALOGEN ONLY 1

Br2
C
C
C
C
!
REMEMBER The halogen MUST bond to carbons where
the double bond was located
2,3 DIBROMO BUTANE
SAME AS
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
!
2,3 DIBROMO BUTANE, THESE STRUCTURES ARE NOT
ISOMERS, THEY ARE THE SAME, THE SINGLE BOND
ROTATES.
3
ADDITION (ALKYNE)
2-BUTYNE(CNH2N-2)
BROMINE

Br2
C
C
C
C
2,3 DIBROMO BUTENE
THE CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS ARE NOT
INTERCHANGEABLE, THERE IS NO ROTATION OF DOUBLE
BONDS

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
CIS ISOMER
TRANS ISOMER
4
SUBSTITUTION (ALKANE)
BUTANE(CNH2N2)
BROMINE

Br2
C
C
C
C
2 BROMO BUTANE
1 BROMO BUTANE
REMEMBER A MIXTURE OF ISOMERS MAY BE OBTAINED
IN SUBSTITUTION.
!
AND
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
HBr
5
ISOMERS OF C4H10O
C
C
C
C
1-BUTANOL
C4H10O
C
C
O
C
C
C
C
C
C
DIETHYL ETHER
2-BUTANOL
6
ISOMERS OF C4H10O
PRIMARY
C
C
C
C
1-BUTANOL
C4H10O
TERTIARY
H
1
CH3
C
1
C
C
C
C
CH3
2
3
4
3
2
SECONDARY
CH3
2-BUTANOL
2-METHYL-2 PROPANOL