Specialized Business Information Systems

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Specialized Business Information Systems

• Chapter 11

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Learning Objectives

• Define artificial intelligence (AI)
• State the objective of developing AI systems
• List the characteristics of intelligent behavior
  compare natural artificial performance for
  each
• Identify the major types of AI systems provide
  an example of each

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Learning Objectives

• List the characteristics and basic components of
  expert systems
• Identify at least 3 factors to consider in
  evaluating the development of an expert system
• Outline explain the steps in developing an
  expert system
• Identify benefits associated with expert system
  use

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Learning Objectives

• Define the term virtual reality and give three
  examples of virtual reality applications

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An Overview of Artificial Intelligence
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The Nature of Intelligence

• Learn from experience apply the knowledge
• Handle complex situations
• Solve problems when important information is
  missing
• Determine what is important

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The Nature of Intelligence

• React quickly correctly to new situations
• Understand visual images
• Process manipulate symbols
• Be creative imaginative
• Use heuristics

Click here for a computers poem. Is it creative?
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Figure 11.1
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Table 11.1
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Figure 11.2
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The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence

• Vision systems
• Learning systems
• Neural networks
• Robotics

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Figure 11.3
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An Overview of Expert Systems
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Figure 11.4
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Characteristics of an Expert System

• Can explain reasoning
• Can provide portable knowledge
• Can display intelligent behavior
• Can draw conclusions from complex relationships
• Can deal with uncertainty

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Limitations of Expert Systems

• Limited to narrow problems
• Not widely used or tested
• Hard to use
• Cannot easily deal with mixed knowledge
• Possibility of error

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Limitations of Expert Systems

• Cannot refine own knowledge base
• Hard to maintain
• Possible high development costs
• Raise legal ethical concerns

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Fig 11.5
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Fig 11.6
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When to Use Expert Systems

• High payoff
• Preserve scarce expertise
• Distribute expertise
• Provide more consistency than humans
• Faster solutions than humans
• Training expertise

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Fig 11.7
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The Knowledge Base

• Rules
• Cases

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Fig 11.8
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Inference Engines

• Backward chaining
• Forward chaining

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Fig 11.8
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Fig 11.9
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Fig 11.10
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Fig 11.11
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Fig 11.12
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Table 11.2
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Advantages of Expert Systems Shells and Products

• Easy to develop modify
• Use of satisficing
• Use of heuristics
• Development by knowledge engineers users

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Figure 11.13
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Applications of Expert Systems AI

• Credit granting
• Shipping
• Information management retrieval
• Embedded systems
• Help desks assistance

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Virtual Reality
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Fig 11.14
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Fig 11.15
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