Aim: How was Ancient Greece Shaped by its Geography?

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• Aim How was Ancient Greece Shaped by its
  Geography?

• Do Now
• Based on the DBQ work from yesterday how does
  Ancient Greek Geography differ from the Geography
  of the civilizations we have previously studied?
• In your opinion what are three key features of
  Ancient Greek geography?
• Explain your reasoning.

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Geography

• Located in Southeastern Europe
• Composed of many mountains, isolated valleys, and
  small islands
• Prevented a large Empire
• Aegean and Mediterranean were a valuable link to
  the rest of the world
• Became skilled sea traders
• Exchanged goods, ideas, and technology

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Early Civilizations

• Minoans built the first civilization on the
  island of Crete
• Traded with Egypt, and Mesopotamia
• Gained new Ideas and Technology
• Mycenaeans conquered Crete around 1400 B.C.
• Learned writing and other skills from the Minoans

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Rise of City-States

• Divided into mountains by isolated valleys
• Hundreds of scattered islands exist off of its
  coast
• Polis Greek city state

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The Polis

• Made up of two parts
• Hilltop acropolis with Marble temples
• Flatter ground held the main city with a wall

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Governments in the City-States

• Kings at first
• Overtime landowning nobles gained power
• Created an Aristocracy or a government ruled by
  the landholding elite
• Most Powerful were Sparta and Athens
• Ways of life in these two City-States varied
  greatly

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Sparta

• Family life was sacrificed to the Polis
• At 12 they were enrolled in separate companies
  with other boys their age
• Slept outside and underwent heavy military
  training until the age of 24
• After that they became frontline soldiers
• Kept prepared for battle for entire life
• Older men expected to models for the younger

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Military and Training

• Slept outside on reed mats
• Expected to stand and die rather than retreat

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Women

• Prohibited from wearing jewelry or ornate clothes
• Exercised rigorously to give birth to healthy
  children
• Hardly oppressed
• Saw it as a privilege to be a daughter or mother
  to a brave warrior

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Athens

• Developed from a monarchy into an Aristocracy
• Nobles controlled most aspects of government
• Merchants and soldiers resented their power
• Felt service entitled them to more rights
• Athenian law prevented foreign citizens from
  becoming Athenian citizens

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Solon

• Leader (archon) given free hand to make reforms
• Outlawed debt slavery
• Opened high offices to more citizens
• Granted citizenship to some foreign citizens
• Citizenship remained limited and led to tyrants
• Tyrants People who gained power by force

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More Reform

• Eventually nobles lost a great deal of power in
  Greece, and the aristocracy was weakened
• Poor citizens given a greater voice
• Made all male citizens over 30 a governing body
  that debated laws

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Rights Overall

• Very limited
• Only male citizens could participate in
  government
• Tens of thousands were slaves without political
  rights, and freedoms

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Women

• Viewed as unable to reason and think as well as
  men
• Had no share in public life

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Religious Beliefs

• Polytheistic
• Believed Gods Lived on Mount Olympus in Northern
  Greece
• Honored Their Gods with Temples and Festivals.
• Consulted Priests , Priestesses , and Oracles to
  Discover the will of the Gods
• Religion was important but not as much as in
  other civilizations
• Some felt universe was regulated by natural laws
  not the Gods

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The Gods

• A quick overview

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ZEUS

• Most Powerful of the Gods
• Known as God of the Sky and Ruler of Olympus
• Weakness was the charms of women
• Ruled over affairs of Humans and other Gods

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Hera

• Wife of Zeus
• Goddess of Marriage

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Aphrodite

• Daughter of Zeus
• Goddess of Love

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Athena

• Daughter of Zeus
• Goddess of Wisdom
• Gave Athens its Name

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Dionysus

• Primarily a Fertility God
• Presided over Vineyards Grapes and Wine
• Was one of the 12 Great Gods

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Apollo

• God of Sun
• Considered Bright and Rational
• Associated with Arts of Music and Medicine

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Poseidon

• God of the Sea

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Hades

• God of the Underworld
• First Ruled underworld alone
• Later ruled with wife Persephone, Queen of the
  Underworld