The Executive Branch

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The Executive Branch
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The Executive Branch

• Enforces Laws
• Article II of the Constitution
• Leader is the President

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Qualifications

• 35 years old
• Been a resident of the U.S. for 14 years
• A natural born citizen
• President takes an oath to uphold the Constitution

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Terms and Benefits

• 4 year term
• Limited to 2 terms (22nd Amendment)
• Salary - 400,000/year
• 50,000 expense account, 100,000 for travel, and
  19,000 for entertainment
• Secret Service Protection for 10 years after
  presidency
• Clinton last lifetime protected president.
• Pension 191,000 after they retire plus travel
  funds and franking privilege

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The Presidents Job

• The Presidents main job is to carry out the laws
  passed by Congress.
• The Constitution gives the president power to
  veto, call Congress into special session, serve
  as commander-in-chief, and receive foreign
  officials.
• The president can also make treaties, appoint
  judges and top government officials, and pardon
  convicted criminals

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Jobs of the President

• The Constitution also requires the president to
  give Congress an update of the nation with the
  State of the Union address.
• The president discusses the most important issues
  facing the nation and describes new legislation
  he would liked passed.

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Vice-President

• Official Duties
• President of the Senate
• Second in Line of succession 25th amendment
• Decides Presidential disability 25th
• Qualifications are the same as president
• Unofficial duty Balance the ticket

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Presidential Succession

• Vice President
• Speaker of the House
• President Pro Tempore
• Secretary of State
• Pg 168 for the rest of list

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What is a naturalized citizen?

1. A citizen born in the U.S.
2. An immigrant who wants to become a citizen
3. An immigrant who became a citizen
4. A citizen born in a territory of the U.S.

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Electing the President

• The Primaries
• States hold primary elections to vote for the
  candidates who will run for president under each
  party
• Nominating Conventions
• A meeting held by each party to officially select
  the candidate who will run
• General Election
• 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday of November
• Electoral College
• Elects the President

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The Electoral College

• Popular vote
• total number of people voting for a candidate -
  occurs but has no role in deciding the president
• 538 votes exist in the Electoral College
• Each state gets the same number of electors as
  representatives in Congress
• 435 Representatives 100 Senators 3 from
  Washington D.C.
• NC 15 electoral votes
• A candidate needs 270 to win (majority)
• Winner Take All every state but Maine
  Nebraska
• If a candidate wins the majority vote in a state,
  all electoral votes go to that candidate
• Vote in December Joint session of Congress
  counts votes

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Meeting of Electoral College
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Which of the following is a potential problem
with the Electoral College?

1. Its Non-Democratic
2. A candidate may get the most votes but not win
3. Electors are not bound
4. 3rd party candidates have no chance

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Problems with the Electoral College

• Seems non-democratic votes are not proportional
• May get the most votes and still lose
• Electors are not bound could change their
  ballot
• 3rd party candidates have really no chance

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Electors of the Electoral College

• NORTH CAROLINA - 15 Electoral Votes
• State Law - 163-212 (Violation cancels vote
  elector is replaced and is subject to 500 fine.)
  
• NEW MEXICO - 5 Electoral Votes
• State Law - 1-15-5 to 1-15-9 (Violation is a
  fourth degree felony.)

• 24 States that dont have laws requiring electors
  to vote for the popular vote. faithless
  electors
• ARIZONA - ARKANSAS - DELAWARE - GEORGIA IDAHO -
  ILLINOIS -INDIANA - IOWA - KANSAS - KENTUCKY -
  LOUISIANA - MINNESOTA - MISSOURI NEW HAMPSHIRE -
  NEW JERSEY - NEW YORK - NORTH DAKOTA
  -PENNSYLVANIA - RHODE ISLAND - SOUTH DAKOTA -
  TENNESSEE - TEXAS - UTAH - WEST VIRGINIA -

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The presidential election, however, is not
decided on the basis of the number of people who
vote for each candidate but on the basis of the
electoral college. Under the US electoral system,
each state in the union contributes a certain
number of electors to the electoral college, who
vote according to the majority in their state.
The candidate receiving a majority of the votes
in the electoral college wins the election. The
electors are apportioned roughly according to
states' populations, as measured by the census,
but with a small but deliberate bias in favor of
smaller states. We can represent the effects of
the electoral college by scaling the sizes of
states to be proportional to their number of
electoral votes, which gives a map that looks
like this
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Offices in the Executive Branch

• Includes the White House Office
• Serves the President

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Executive Office of the President (EOP)

• Created by FDR 1939
• Assists the President in doing his job
• Includes over 2000 employees and 100 million
  budget
• Prepares reports, drafts bills, checks the work
  of various executive agencies

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Executive Office of the President (EOP)

• Chief of Staff decides what issues are brought
  to the President
• Press Secretary provides reporters with news
• Office of Management Budget prepares the
  nations budget makes reports to the President
  on the fiscal soundness of the nation
• National Security Council provides for the
  safety of the nation CIA gathers information
  on other nations
• Core of EOP is the White House Office 500
  people who work for the President

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White House Positions

• Chief of Staff Denis McDonough
• Press Secretary Jay Carney
• Senior Advisors to the President Valerie
  Jarrett and Jennifer Palmieri

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Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

• Prepares the federal budget and helps the
  President monitor government spending
• Federal budget lays out the administrations plans
  and goals for the upcoming year

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National Security Council (NSC)

• Helps President coordinate the military and
  construct foreign policy.
• Includes the V.P., Sec. of State, Sec. of
  Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
  and top commanders of each of the armed forces.
• Forms our nations foreign policies and principles
  of the U.S. Supervises the CIA.

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Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)

• Contains three independent members or economists
• Advise the President about economic matters
  employment in the U.S., tax policy, inflation,
  trade with other countries, etc.

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Department Heads

• Must be approved by the Senate
• Any advice given to the President will usually be
  on issues related to their departments
• President will determine when they meet and how
  much to rely on their advise.

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The Federal Bureaucracy

• The Executive Branch is shaped like a triangle.
• Top down President
• depts
• hundreds of executive agencies

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The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.)

• Departments and agencies carry out government
  programs in 3 ways
• Develop procedures for putting new laws into
  practice
• Administer day-to-day operations of government
• Regulate or police various governmental
  activities
• This all helps shape government policy

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Federal Bureaucracy

• Red Tape inefficiency caused by rules and
  regulations
• Each person has a designed function must
  operate within a chain of command

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Independent agencies

• Not a part of any cabinet, but still have to
  report out to the President
• 3 types Executive Agencies
• Government Corporations
• Regulatory Commissions

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Executive Agencies

• Specialized areas of government
• President chooses the head of each agency
• Examples
• EPA Environmental Protection Agency
• FDA Food and Drug Administration
• CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention
• Others NASA, FED, NSA, FDA

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Regulatory Commissions

• DOES NOT REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT
• President appoints the head of regulatory
  commissions but only Congress can remove
  (impeach)
• Protects the public by making and enforcing rules
  for certain industries
• Ex. FCC, FAA
• Controls certain types of business
• Must be impartial with no political pressure
• Run by a board appointed by the President and
  approved by the Senate
• US Nuclear Regulatory Commission

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Government Corporations

• Similar to private corporations but the
  government owns and runs them.
• General manager board of directors runs each
  corporation
• They charge for services, but are not supposed to
  make a profit, all goes back into the business
• Examples
• Post Office
• Sallie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac

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Law Enforcement Agencies

• Assist in enforcing laws
• Federal
• FBI handles violations of federal law
• Counterfeiting
• Bank Robbery
• Espionage spying
• Kidnapping
• SBI state violations of state law
• Highway patrol
• Murder if suspect body stay in state
• County the county
• Local Police

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Civil Service System

• Spoils System giving federal jobs to people
  that helped the winner To the Victor belong
  the Spoils
• Government grew more and more incompetent as
  people who werent qualified filled positions
  (late 1800s)
• Americans demanded change (Progressives)

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Civil Service System Cont.

• Reformed system came about called the Merit
  System
• Pendleton Act (1883) instituted the Merit
  system where those most qualified get the jobs
• Jobs are divided into 2 categories
• Classified jobs given based on exams kept no
  matter who is president
• Unclassified jobs filled by appointment as in
  the spoils system Appointed positions

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Civil Service System Cont.

• Hatch Act (1939)
• Forbids civil servants from working in a campaign
  or participating in party politics
• Office of Personnel Management administers
  tests and hires workers
• Merit System Protection Board handles
  promotions based on merit

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Political Appointees

• Top department jobs usually go to political
  appointees
• Employment usually ends when the President leaves
  office
• 90 of national government employees are civil
  service workers
• Hiring is usually based on open, competitive
  examinations and merit.
• Before 1883, hiring was based on who you knew

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The President and Cabinet
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Presidents Cabinet Departments

• 15 Executive department heads advisers
• Makes the presidents job easier by dividing the
  work
• Head of the Dept of Justice is the Attorney
  General. All other heads are have the title of
  secretary
• Department of Homeland Security most recent
  addition terrorism
• President Washingtons Cabinet Department of
  State, Department of Treasury and Department of
  War

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Cabinet Cont.

• State Secretary of State manages relations
  with other countries
• Treasury Secretary of Treasury manages the
  nations money
• Defense Secretary of Defense manages the
  military

Jack Lew
John Kerry
Chuck Hagel
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Cabinet Cont.

• Justice Attorney General legal affairs and
  the chief law enforcement officer in the US
• Interior Secretary of the Interior manages
  public lands and natural resources
• Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture designed
  to help farmers

Eric Holder
Sally Jewell
Tom Vilsack
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Cabinet Cont.

• Commerce Secretary of Commerce trade and
  promotes US business and tourism
• Labor Secretary of Labor deals with working
  conditions and wages
• Transportation Secretary of Transportation
  manages highways, railroads, airlines, and sea
  traffic

Thomas E Perez
Anthony Foxx
Penny Pritzker
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Cabinet Cont.

• Energy Secretary of Energy tries to find
  alternative sources of energy
• Health and Human Services Secretary of HHS
  well being and health of Americans
• Veterans Affairs Secretary of Veterans Affairs
  services for armed forces veterans

Ernest Moniz
Sylvia Matthews Burwell
Robert McDonald
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Cabinet Cont.

• Education Secretary of Education advice and
  funding for schools
• Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary
  of Housing and Urban Development special needs
  and problems of cities
• Homeland Security Secretary of Homeland
  Security oversees Americas defenses against
  terrorist attacks

Jeh Johnson
Julian Castro
Arne Duncan
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State of the Union

• President addresses Congress every year to
  discuss his/her goals and concerns
• Required by the Constitution
• He shall from time to time give to Congress
  information of the State of the Union and
  recommend to their Consideration such measures as
  he shall judge necessary and expedient. Article
  II, Section 3
• Congress is in joint session both houses are
  together to hear the President speak