Ancient Egyptians

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Ancient Egyptians

• By Robin, Bridgette, Arya, and Carter

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Introduction

• Birthplace of 1 of the worlds 1st civilizations
• Arouse 5,000 years ago
• Ruled from 3,000 B.C.- 30 A.D.
• Advanced in arithmetic, had a 365 day calendar,
  and established the 1st national government

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Geography

• Developed along the Nile River Valley
• Divided into upper and lower Egypt
• Upper South
• Lower North
• Area around Nile current Israel

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Food, clothing, and shelter

• Food
• Bread major part of diet
• Beer was a popular beverage
• Other foods
• Vegetables, fruit, cheese, milk, butter, and duck
  and goose meat
• Food of the rich
• Other meat (beef, gazelle, and antelope)
• Ate with fingers

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• Medicine
•  only cure is to keep clean and stay away from
  illnesses
• Herbs
• opium, cannabis, myrrh, frankincense, fennel,
  cassia, senna, thyme, henna, juniper, aloe,
  linseed and castor oil
• Garlic found in tombs and burial sites
• Clothing
• Jewelry
• Necklaces, bracelets, and rings
• Cosmetics
• red lip powder
• dyed hair

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• painted fingernail
• outlined their eyes
• Men wore just as much make up as women
• Hair styling
• Matted and tangled hair
• Royalty were bald and wore wigs and large crowns
• Clothing
• Wore light clothes due to heat
• Cloth made from plant fibers
• Royalty- silk and feathers

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• Houses
• Built out of bricks and dried mud
• City- narrow buildings w/ 3 floors
• Poor Egyptian
• Small huts
• 1-3 rooms
• Typical Egyptian
• 2-3 story house
• Several rooms
• Wealthy Egyptian
• Up to 70 rooms
• Large estates w/ pools, orchards, gardens, etc.
• Furniture
• Stools, chairs, oil lamps, beds, and chests

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Family life

• Marriage
• Civil marriage
• Had marriage contracts
• Main point was to get money and property
• Family Life
• Head of family- father
• If father died oldest son took over
• Women had many rights
• could own and inherit property, buy and sell
  goods, and make a will.
• Wife could get divorced

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Leisure and Travel

• Transportation
• boats or ships
• handy because of location along the Nile
• made boats that were shaped like a canoe
• for the shallower parts of the Nile
• Leisure time
• Played mostly board games and sports
• Wealthy- bidding and betting games

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Education and Writing

• Writing
• Hieroglyphics
• form of writing where picture symbols are used
  instead of words
• are usually used to refer to Ancient Egyptians.
• borrowed the idea from Mesopotamia
• Egyptian hieroglyphics generally included about
  800 symbols.
• Papyrus
• A type of paper
• 1st use around 4000 B.C.
• very important
• helped transform Egyptian society

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Education and Writing continued

• Schooling
• Not many boys/girls went to school
• Mostly rich people to become scribes
• if they didnt want to become scribes
• be an apprentice and learn from people that did
  their future job

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Potters and Farming

• Potters
• Hired by royal family
• Pottery
• Important product
• Used to cook, store, and serve food
• Farming
• Workers
• Got crops as pay

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• Crops
• Main- wheat and barely
• Beans, onions, figs, lettuce, dates, grapes,
  melons, and cucumbers
• Animals
• Raised- beef cattle, goats, ducks, sheep, geese,
  donkeys, and even bees

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The Arts

• Music
• God of Music- Thoth
• Sang religious songs
• Invented Ney (flute) and Oudh (like a guitar)
• Art
• Told stories
• Architectural features

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• Festivals
• Large feasts
• Celebrated gods

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Social classes and slavery

• Social Classes
• Different families, different expectations
• Ruling elite at top
• Farm laborers at bottom
• Slavery
• Slaves
• Worked all day and all night
• Got little or no pay
• Built pyramids and worked on farms

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Trade
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Weapons and Hunting

• Weapons
• didnt have very many
• Made out of metal and wood
• threw sticks at birds in hopes that it hit them
  right
• threw spears and shot arrows
• nets used for capturing fish and some types of
  birds

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Mummies and Cats

• Mummies
• Preserved dead
• Believed in an afterlife
• Cats
• Known as Miw
• Kept down Vermis Bast

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Pyramids and the Great Sphinx

• Pyramids
• Built from 2650- 1800 B.C. by slaves
• Tombs for pharaohs
• Built entirely from stone
• Giza Pyramids
• Pyramid of the pharaoh Khufu- largest of 3 Great
  Pyramids
• Took 20 years to build
• Built out of limestone

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• The Sphinx
• Has lions head and mans body
• Appears to be guarding pyramid of Khufu

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The Rosetta Stone and Re

• Rosetta Stone
• Tablet w/ hieroglyphics
• Key to translating language of ancient Egypt
• Re
• All powerful god

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Eye of Horus and the Valley of the Kings

• Valley of Kings
• Rocky gorge that was a cemetery for kings
• Ramesses, Menkeptah, Seti, Tuthnosis, etc.
• Eye of Horus
• Represented with 6 parts corresponding to the six
  senses.
• senses are in the order of their importance.

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